胸椎间盘突出并钙化1例

1 病例报告 患者,女性,40岁.无明显诱因出现双下肢进行性麻木、无力1周,于2009年6月11日入院.无明显外伤史.查体:脊柱无畸形,无压痛及叩击痛,脐平面以下皮肤感觉减退,左下肢肌力3级,肌张力增高;右下肢肌力4~-级,肌张力增高.     

多源性椎管内肿瘤1例报告

患者 ,男 ,30岁。因颈部疼痛伴双下肢触痛、乏力、麻木 18个月入院。查体 :C4- T2 棘突间隙均有压痛、叩击痛 ,双下肢肌张力增高 ,髌、踝阵挛阳性 ,髌、跟腱反射亢进 ,双侧巴彬期基征阳性 ,双侧第3肋间以下皮肤感觉减退 ,右下肢肌力收稿日期 :2 0 0 1 - 0 3- 1 3 级 ,左下肢肌力 级。 MRI检查示 :C6 T2 椎管内占位性病变。术中见 :硬膜外 C6 T1 1个 3cm× 2 .5 cm实质性肿块 ;位于脊髓右后外侧 ,包膜完整 ,T1 右神经受累 ,T1 - 2 硬膜外蔓状血管从 ,血管扩张呈球状。将肿瘤及硬脊膜削离后切除 ,同时切除右侧 T1 神经。病理检查示 :C6…     

腰椎间盘囊肿伴突出一例报告

患者男,22岁,学生.左下肢疼痛、不适2个多月,以腰椎间盘突出症入院.查体:腰部生理性前凸变平,L4,5,棘突左侧压痛.双下肢肌力5级,双足(踇)背伸、跖屈肌肌力5级.双下肢感觉正常,双膝腱反射、右跟腱反射正常.左跟腱反射减弱.双Babinski征阴性.左直腿抬高试验30°,加强试验阳性;右直腿抬高试验阴性.会阴区感觉正常.实验室检查未见异常.腰椎MRI显示L4-5椎间盘突出,突出的椎间盘T2加权像呈低信号,T1加权像呈中等信号.     

颈椎管内骨软骨瘤1例报告

颈椎管内骨软骨瘤非常少见。笔者收治 1例 ,现报告如下 :患者 ,男 ,5 0岁 ,因右侧上下肢麻木无力 ,右手肌肉萎缩 6个月 ,行走困难 3个月于 1995 - 0 4- 16日入院。查体 :血压 18/ 13Kpa,颈椎自主活动 ,C6 ,7棘突右侧压痛 ,并扪及骨性硬物。右侧上下肢及躯干痛觉减退 ,右肱三头肌肌力 级 ,右手骨间肌萎缩 ,肌力 级。左手骨间肌轻度萎缩 ,肌力 级。右下肢肌力 级 ,左下肢肌力 级 ,双下肢肌张力亢进 ,右髌、踝阵挛阳性。 Hoff-mann征阳性 (右 ) ,Babinski征阳性(右 )。脊柱影像学检查 :椎管造影显示 ,造影剂在 C6 椎体下缘平面完全梗阻。…     

经皮脊柱内镜术后椎管内血肿1例

<正>患者,女,61岁,2015年9月入院。入院前3个月出现腰痛伴右下肢放射痛,反复在外院及本院门诊行非手术治疗,效果不佳。查体:L4～S1椎间隙及右侧椎旁肌压痛;双侧下肢肌张力、肌力正常;右下肢直腿抬高试验阳性;右下肢足底感觉减弱,鞍区感觉正常;双侧跟腱反射对称,膝腱反射对称,双侧病理征未     

钙化性腰椎间盘突出症致瘫痪一例

患者女,72岁,因腰痛2月余,双下肢麻木无力16ｄ入院治疗。入院前2个月因扭伤腰部致双侧臀部疼痛、腰痛。为持续性疼痛,但能行走,仍能坚持日常劳作,大小便正常。2周后出现右下肢麻木乏力,3周后左下肢亦出现麻木疼痛乏力,呈进行性加重。逐渐向上延伸至脐部。在我院理疗科行当归注射治疗无效。入院前16ｄ双下肢不能自主活动、站立和行走,伴大小便困难。查体:双下肢驰缓性瘫痪,脊柱无畸形,Ｌ4,5、Ｌ5Ｓ1椎旁有压痛、放射痛。双下肢肌张力减低,右下肢腹股沟以下、左下肢膝以下痛温觉消失。左下肢小腿部肌力(伸屈肌)0级,股四头肌力Ⅲ级。右下肢肌力…     

膜内髓外巨大肿瘤1例

患者，男，60岁，因“腰部酸痛8年，加重伴双下肢无力20天”入院。查体：脊柱无明显侧弯畸形，活动轻度受限。T11、T12棘突旁双侧压痛、叩痛，以右侧为明显。右下肢直腿抬高试验45^。( )、加强试验( )。左侧直腿抬高50^。( )。双侧“4”字征(一)。左下肢肌力Ⅳ级，右大腿及小腿屈肌群肌力Ⅲ级，右伸趾肌力Ⅰ     

“┝”形切口切除椎管内罕见巨大哑铃状肿瘤1例

患者 ,男 ,36岁 ,因腰腿痛 10余年 ,加重 3个月 ,不能行走5天 ,抬送入院。十多年前发作腰腿痛 ,3年前在外院检查发现右腰部一肿块而行手术治疗 ,当时因肿瘤大只行部分切除 ,病理报告为神经纤维瘤 ,术后腰痛稍缓解。近 3月疼痛加重 ,无法劳动。入院前 5天已不能行走、大小便失禁。检查腰肌稍紧张 ,Ｌ1～ 5有压痛和叩痛 ,腰椎活动受限 ,双下肢肌轻度萎缩 ,以右侧明显。右下肢肌力Ⅰ～Ⅱ级 ,左侧Ⅲ级 ,肌张力不高 ,右足感觉消失 ,左足减退 ,马鞍区感觉消失 ,肛门括约肌试验 ( ) ,双膝反射及病理征未引出。ＭＲＩ :Ｌ2～ 4 椎管内外至右腰椎旁…     

不典型胸椎管内硬膜外脓肿1例报告

患者女性,39岁.因胸背痛20d、加重伴双下肢乏力1d于2007年6月1日入院.患者3周前有手外伤感染病史(已治愈),1周前有"感冒"病史.查体:体温36.7℃,T6棘突右侧有一约4×5 cm的包块,质软,边界清,无明显压痛,胸腰段棘突无明显压痛,胸椎中段有叩击痛,左下肢肌力3级,右下肢肌力1级,平脐水平以下皮肤感觉消失,双侧腹壁反射、膝腱反射和肛门反射消失,肛周、会阴部感觉明显减退,双侧Babinski's征(-).     

"T"形切口切除椎管内罕见巨大哑铃状肿瘤1例

患者,男,36岁,因腰腿痛10余年,加重3个月,不能行走5天,抬送入院.十多年前发作腰腿痛,3年前在外院检查发现右腰部一肿块而行手术治疗,当时因肿瘤大只行部分切除,病理报告为神经纤维瘤,术后腰痛稍缓解.近3月疼痛加重,无法劳动.入院前5天已不能行走、大小便失禁.检查腰肌稍紧张,L1～5有压痛和叩痛,腰椎活动受限,双下肢肌轻度萎缩,以右侧明显.右下肢肌力Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,左侧Ⅲ级,肌张力不高,右足感觉消失,左足减退,马鞍区感觉消失,肛门括约肌试验(+),双膝反射及病理征未引出.MRI:L2～4椎管内外至右腰椎旁巨大占位性病变.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.