孕妇被动吸烟与低出生体重关系的Meta分析

目的分析孕妇孕早期和不同孕期被动吸烟对新生儿低出生体重的影响。方法通过Meta分析方法分析孕妇被动吸烟与新生儿低出生体重之间的关系。对NCBI、OVID-MEDLINE、CNKI、VIP以及CBM数据库进行检索(截止日期为2008年4月),结果报告合并OR值及95%CI。结果共获得26篇文献,其中队列研究20篇,病例对照研究6篇。总体分析,孕妇被动吸烟的合并效应值OR=1.65(95%CI:1.39～1.97);调整合并效应值OR=1.60(95%CI:1.25～2.05);最低和最高暴露量的合并效应值分别为OR=1.53(95%CI:1.14～2.04)和OR=2.53(95%CI:1.46～4.36);孕早期暴露的合并效应值OR=1.12(95%CI:0.82～1.55),没有统计学意义。结论孕妇被动吸烟增加新生儿低出生体重的危险性;孕中晚期可能是被动吸烟效应的敏感期;被动吸烟的阈值是否存在尚不明确。     

妇女被动吸烟的健康影响

目的探讨被动吸烟对妇女的健康影响.方法于2002-2004年采用病例-对照的研究方法,对妇女被动吸烟与肺癌的关系、孕妇被动吸烟与足月出生小于胎龄儿的关系进行研究.妇女被动吸烟与肺癌的病例-对照研究收集北京、上海和成都指定医院经病理诊断确诊的肺癌新发住院病例157例,以1(肺癌病例):2(医院对照 人群对照)配对;孕妇被动吸烟与足月出生小于胎龄儿的病例-对照研究收集北京市足月分娩小于胎龄儿产妇155例,以1:1配对.结果妇女被动吸烟显著增加发生肺癌的相对危险性(OR=2.95),在24岁以前开始被动吸烟者发生肺癌的相对危险性显著增加(OR=4.12),经常吃动物内脏(OR=1.91)、职业接触有害物(OR=3.16)、职业接触粉尘(OR=3.41)、工作场所通风不良(OR=4.02)为非吸烟女性发生肺癌的危险因素.常吃蔬菜(OR=0.24)、常喝牛奶(OR=0.53)、经常服用维生素(OR=0.53)为非吸烟女性发生肺癌的保护因素.趋势性χ2检验显示,随着被动吸烟指数和被动吸烟年限的增加,肺癌的发生显著增加(P＜0.001).多因素条件Logistic逐步回归分析显示,被动吸烟指数≥50人·年、经常吃动物内脏、职业接触粉尘、工作场所通风不良是非吸烟女性发生肺癌的主要危险因素;常吃蔬菜、经常服用维生素是非吸烟女性发生肺癌的保护性因素.病例组与对照组在孕期体重增加少、孕期被动吸烟、工作场所通风不良、配偶身高较低和孕期进行胎教等方面的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),产妇和配偶文化程度高、产妇孕前体重指数高、家庭总月收入高和孕期进行胎教等可能是足月出生小于胎龄儿的保护因素.多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示,产妇孕前体重低(OR=2.08)、孕期体重增加少(OR=2.83)、被动吸烟(OR=3.42)及孕期饮茶(OR=2.72)、孕期及怀孕之前3个月内进行染发、烫发或焗油(OR=5.67)、配偶身高较低(OR=2.92)等因素均使足月出生小于胎龄儿的相对危险性显著增加,是足月出生小于胎龄儿的主要危险因素;产妇孕前体重指数高使足月出生小于胎龄儿的相对危险性显著降低(OR=0.41),是足月出生小于胎龄儿的保护因素.结论被动吸烟是非吸烟女性发生肺癌的主要危险因素.孕期被动吸烟是足月出生小于胎龄儿的主要危险因素.     

妊娠期被动吸烟与出生缺陷关系的Meta分析

目的探讨孕期被动吸烟与出生缺陷的关系。方法运用计算机检索1980年至2010年4月国内外关于孕期被动吸烟与出生缺陷关系的研究文献,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan5.0分析软件对入选的文献进行异质性检验,经Meta分析计算合并效应OR值及其95%CI。结果国内外25篇文献入选。森林图显示纳入文献是异质的(χ2=243.98,P0.000 01),采用随机效应模型计算孕期被动吸烟与出生缺陷关联性的合并效应的OR值为1.70,95%CI:1.34~2.15。其中,国内和国外不同研究人群合并效应的OR值分别为3.62(95%CI:1.71~7.68)和1.28(95%CI:1.04~1.57)。结论孕期被动吸烟可能会增加出生缺陷发生风险。     

我国低出生体质量儿危险因素的元分析

目的探讨我国低出生体质量儿发生的危险因素,为进一步完善我国孕期保健工作提供循证依据。方法系统检索国内公开发表的有关我国低出生体质量儿危险因素的文献,检索数据库包括中国知网、万方、维普等中文数据库,共检索到218篇文献。所纳入的研究文献采用Stata软件进行统计分析,计算合并OR(95%CI)值。结果最终共纳入文献20篇,元分析结果如下:影响我国低出生体质量儿发生的危险因素主要有:被动吸烟,合并OR值及95%CI为2.22(1.65,2.99);妊娠期高血压疾病,合并OR值及95%CI为2.87(2.14,3.85);孕期贫血,合并OR值及95%CI为2.21(1.69,2.89);孕期不良情绪,合并OR值及95%CI为2.89(2.02,4.13);多胎妊娠,合并OR值及95%C为4.07(1.86,8.89);孕期检查次数少(5次),合并OR值及95%CI为2.24(1.19,4.22);孕期体重增加偏少,合并OR值95%CI为2.71(1.95,3.78);早产,合并OR值及95%CI为10.52(3.05,36.29)。结论被动吸烟、孕期体重增加偏少、孕期检查次数少(5次)、妊娠期高血压疾病、贫血、孕期不良情绪、多胎妊娠、早产均是我国低出生体质量儿临床常见的主要危险因素。     

孕期吸烟与先天性腹裂胎儿关系的Meta分析

[目的]探讨孕期吸烟与先天性腹裂胎儿的关系,分析不同孕期和每天不同吸烟量对先天性腹裂的影响。[方法]分别检索6个中英文文献数据库,选择6篇符合纳入标准的文献,通过Review Manager 4.2和Stata软件进行Meta分析。[结果]孕期吸烟与先天性腹裂胎儿之间的合并效应值为OR=2.36（95%CI：2.02～2.76）;每天吸烟量为10～20支及〉20支的合并效应值分别为OR=2.29（95%CI：1.89～2.77）和OR=2.54（95%CI：1.68～3.85）,吸烟量〈10支的无统计学意义;孕期前三个月吸烟的合并效应值为OR=2.46（95%CI：1.52～3.98）。[结论]孕期吸烟尤其孕期前三个月吸烟与先天性腹裂胎儿具有显著相关性,此相关性随每天吸烟量的增加而增大。     

母亲身高与不良出生结局关联性分析

目的探讨母亲身高与早产、低出生体重儿、巨大儿、小于胎龄儿的关系。方法收集2014年9月—2018年3月于广东省妇幼保健院分娩的11 437名孕妇及其婴儿资料,根据母亲身高三分位数将研究对象分为3组(≤157.0、157.1～161.0以及 161.0 cm),采用多因素非条件logistic回归模型计算母亲身高与早产、低出生体重儿、巨大儿和小于胎龄儿的OR值及95%CI。结果研究对象中早产、低出生体重儿、巨大儿、小于胎龄儿的发生率分别为6.6%、6.3%、3.6%和16.5%。在控制可能的混杂因素后,结果显示母亲身高与早产、低出生体重儿、小于胎龄儿和巨大儿有统计学关联。母亲身高每增加1 cm,分娩低出生体重儿和小于胎龄儿的风险分别减少4.7%(OR=0.953,95%CI=0.939～0.968)和6.8%(OR=0.932,95%CI=0.922～0.942),分娩巨大儿的风险增加11.6%(OR=1.116,95%CI=1.094～1.139)。相对于身高≤157.0 cm组,身高 161.0 cm组分娩早产儿、低出生体重儿和小于胎龄儿的风险分别减少18.5%(OR=0.815,95%CI=0.677～0.980)、40.2%(OR=0.598,95%CI=0.492～0.726)和51.6%(OR=0.484,95%CI=0.426～0.551),而分娩巨大儿的风险增加207.0%(OR=3.070,95%CI=2.348～4.013)。结论身高较矮的孕妇分娩早产儿、低出生体重儿和小于胎龄儿的风险增加,身高较高的孕妇分娩巨大儿的风险增加。妇幼保健人员宜加强孕期监测,以减少早产儿、低出生体重儿、小于胎龄儿和巨大儿的发生风险。     

中国城区妇女孕期增重适宜值研究

目的探讨中国妇女孕期体重增长适宜值。方法选取2013年1月—2016年5月于武汉市加入同济母婴健康队列(TMCHC)的单胎足月产孕妇6998人,于孕8～16周问卷调查了解其社会人口学、既往病史等资料并测量体重及身高。分娩前测量产前体重;分娩后通过医院记录收集分娩孕周、分娩方式、妊娠合并症、新生儿性别、出生体重及身长等信息。采用限制性三次样条回归模型分别拟合孕期增重与小于胎龄儿、大于胎龄儿、低出生体重、巨大儿、剖宫产、妊娠高血压及妊娠期糖尿病发生率关系曲线,寻找各妊娠结局发生率均较低的增重范围作为同济推荐值。将孕期增重的P25～P75作为百分位数法孕期增重推荐值。采用Logistic回归模型,分别以同济和百分位数法推荐孕期增重适宜值为参照,分析孕期增重过多或不足对不良妊娠结局的影响。结果 (1)不同孕前体质指数组各种不良妊娠结局发生率较低的孕期增重范围分别为:低体重组12.0～17.0 kg、正常体重组9.0～14.0 kg、超重组7.0～11.0 kg,以此作为孕期增重的同济推荐值。百分位数法孕期增重推荐值分别为:孕前低体重组14.0～19.0 kg、正常体重组13.0～19.0 kg、超重组10.8～18.0 kg及肥胖组9.0～15.8 kg。(2)与同济增重适宜组相比,增重过多组发生不良妊娠结局的风险分别为大于胎龄儿(OR=2.94,95%CI 2.31～3.73)、巨大儿(OR=3.13,95%CI 2.38～4.13)、剖宫产(OR=1.53,95%CI 1.38～1.71)及妊娠高血压(OR=2.18,95%CI 1.50～3.17);增重不足组发生的风险为小于胎龄儿(OR=1.82,95%CI 1.32～2.53)。按百分位数法推荐值分组,相应的风险值分别为大于胎龄儿(OR=2.11,95%CI 1.76～2.54)、巨大儿(OR=2.16,95%CI 1.76～2.65)、剖宫产(OR=1.53,95%CI 1.36～1.72)、妊娠高血压(OR=1.39,95%CI 1.02～1.90)及小于胎龄儿(OR=1.60,95%CI 1.29～1.98)。结论推荐中国孕妇孕期增重分别为:孕前低体重者12.0～17.0 kg、正常体重者9.0～14.0 kg及超重者7.0～11.0 kg。     

孕妇被动吸烟与胎儿出生体重关系的Meta分析

目的分析孕妇不同孕期的被动吸烟情况对新生儿出生体重的影响,以及探讨不同测量方式对被动吸烟效应的影响。方法对NCBI、OVID-MEDLINE、CNKI、VIP以及CBM数据库进行检索（截止日期为2008年4月）,通过Meta分析结果报告综合差值及95%CI。结果共获得38篇文献,其中19篇为前瞻性研究,19篇属回顾性研究。总合并效应值为-68.84g（95%CI:-89.84～-47.84）,调整合并效应值为-44.92g（95%CI:-67.07～-22.77）;生物标志测量的合并效应值为-73.87g（95%CI:-113.41～-34.34）;问卷调查的合并效应值为-62.93g（95%CI:-84.49～-41.37）;最低和最高水平暴露的合并效应值分别为-44.61g（95%CI:-78.36～-10.87）和-116.37g（95%CI:-180.74～-52.01）;孕早期暴露的合并效应值为-2.70g（95%CI:-37.74～32.33）,但没有统计学意义。结论孕妇被动吸烟能降低新生儿出生体重,问卷调查会低估真实暴露水平,孕中晚期可能是被动吸烟的效应期,被动吸烟引起低...     

育龄期女性孕前体重及孕期体重增加与新生儿出生体重关系的回顾性队列研究

目的探讨育龄期女性孕前体重及孕期体重增加与新生儿出生体重的关系。方法选取2016年1月至2019年1月于北部战区总医院和平分院单胎分娩的产妇14 543例为研究对象,依据孕前体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、孕期增重指南推荐体重增重值和新生儿出生体重情况进行分组。采用Logistic回归模型分析孕前BMI及孕期体重增加对新生儿出生体重的影响。结果①孕前不同BMI和孕期体重增加异常对新生儿出生体重结局有相关性,孕期体重增加不足和过多是早产儿[OR 1.30(95%CI:1.09-1.56)、2.45(95%CI:1.99-3.01)]和小于胎龄儿[OR 1.76(95%CI:1.13-2.48)、OR 2.14(95%CI:1.32-3.47)]出生风险高危人群。②孕期体重增加不足低体重孕妇,早产儿出生风险是正常体重孕妇2.77倍。而孕期体重增加过多的超重孕妇,早产儿出生风险是正常体重孕妇4.03倍。孕期体重增加适宜的超重孕妇,小于胎龄儿出生风险是正常体重孕妇2.62倍。③孕前低体重孕妇更容易发生孕期体重增加不足(OR 2.94,95%CI:2.30-3.75),孕前肥胖更容易导致孕期体重增加过多(OR 1.05,95%CI:0.94-1.61)。结论为合理控制孕前体重及孕期体重增长,减少新生儿不良结局发生,应将控制孕前体重及孕期体重增加作为孕前保健及围产期保健的重要内容,并根据孕前BMI制定个性化的营养计划。     

孕产期环境因素与儿童孤独症关系的Meta分析

目的探讨围孕、产期高危环境暴露与孤独症的关系,为前期预防与早期干预提供科学依据。方法利用RevMan5.3软件,对国内2006~2016年儿童孤独症高危因素的病例对照研究资料进行Meta分析,计算合并的优势比(OR)和95%置信区间(CI),评估发表偏倚并对各项结果进行敏感性分析。结果本次研究共纳入文献15篇,累计病例1 551例,对照1 753例。孕产期各危险因素的合并OR及其95%CI分别为:孕期疾病史OR=5.19,95%CI:3.61~7.46;孕期情绪OR=3.36,95%CI:2.25~5.05;孕周异常OR=4.19,95%CI:2.95~5.96;出生缺氧或窒息OR=4.37,95%CI:2.71~7.05;孕期有毒化学物接触OR=2.92,95%CI:1.92~4.43;高龄产妇OR=2.03,95%CI:1.59~2.58;主、被动吸烟OR=2.20,95%CI:1.60~3.03;遗传史OR=5.41,95%CI:3.08~9.50。结论 Meta分析结果显示,中国儿童孤独症的患病可能与孕期疾病史、孕期情绪、孕周异常、出生缺氧或窒息、孕期有毒化学物接触、高龄产妇、主、被动吸烟和遗传史相关。     

Determinants of developmental delay in infants aged 12 months

The aim of this study was to determine which demographic, maternal, obstetric and postnatal variables were associated with achievement of developmental milestones at the age of 12 months in term infants. Mothers and babies were enrolled in the Auckland Birthweight Collaborative Study shortly after birth. All infants were full term (gestation >or= 37 weeks). Approximately half of the sample were small for gestational age (SGA = birthweight 10th percentile). A maternal interview was conducted soon after birth. Phase 2 of the study occurred 12 months later when mothers were sent a postal questionnaire requesting information about the child's health and development during the first year of life using the Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire. Seven hundred and forty-four (85.4%) European mothers returned the postal questionnaire. SGA children were not at increased risk of developmental delay at 12 months of age. In a sample representative of New Zealand European children, after adjustment for the effects of potential confounders, maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 2.1 [95% CI 1.1, 4.0]), maternal smoking during the first year of life (OR = 1.9 [95% CI 1.0, 3.8]) and low levels of satisfaction with parenting (OR = 2.4 [95% CI 1.1, 5.2]) were associated with significantly increased risk of developmental delay. In the subgroup of SGA children, maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 2.9 [95% CI 1.4, 6.2]), high levels of stress associated with parenting (OR = 2.2 [95% CI 1.2, 4.0]), and low levels of satisfaction with parenting (OR = 4.3 [95% CI 1.3, 13.5]) were significantly associated with developmental delay after adjustment for the effects of potential confounders. In conclusion, maternal and postnatal factors were better predictors of developmental delay than demographic variables.     

Use of prenatal health care and risk of infants born small-for-gestational-age. Preliminary results of a case-control study in the Lódź voivodeship

It is well documented that small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants are at an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. In order to identify the major modifiable risk factors of SGA birth, a case-control study was launched in the area of Lód? voivodeship, Poland. The project was focused on the evaluation of the role of perinatal health services and avoidance of exposure to tobacco smoke in the prevention of SGA births. The study population consisted of mothers of 153 SGA infants (cases) and 93 mothers of control infants. SGA infants were identified as infants with body weight below 10th percentile for gestational age, using Ballarda scale. The controls were non-SGA infants delivered after 37 week of gestation. The infants from both groups were delivered in 26 maternity wards in the Lód? voivodeship within the period of June 1-November 1, 2003. One month after delivery, each mother of SGA and control infants was visited by an interviewer who collected information about her profile of use of perinatal health care and on active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke in pregnancy. Odds ratios and 95% confidence units (CU) were calculated using EpiInfo software developed by CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, US. Late booking for perinatal care (after 12 week of gestation) and less than 5 visits during pregnancy was found to be related to an increased risk of SGA, however, the OR values included unity. About 1/3 of mothers of SGA infants and "of the controls were served mainly by the private health sector. The use of private care was related to a lower risk of SGA: OR= 0.55 95% CI (0.31-0.96). This protective pattern was observed in the population of women aged 19-25 living in rural areas years and with only primary education. The preconception visits to obstetricians and contacts with health educators during pregnancy were also found to have some protective effect, however, the ORs were not statistically significant. The adverse effect of smoking during pregnancy was clearly confirmed in the study population, OR= 2.69 95%CI (1.37-5.33), while the role of passive smoking was difficult to assess due to the small number of nonsmoking women exposed to ETS. There are some indications that the poor use of perinatal health services may account for the elevated risk of SGA births in the Lód? voivodeship. The use of the private health sector is growing and seems to be related to a lower risk of SGA births. More effective tools to prevent maternal smoking have to be developed and implemented in routine perinatal care.     

Psychosocial factors, lifestyle, and fetal growth: the added value of both pre- and post-natal assessments

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial resources as well as lifestyle habits during pregnancy have been shown to effect the risk of having a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) child. Most previous studies are based on a single assessment of these exposures, which does not take into account the possibility of different effects during early and late stages of pregnancy. METHODS: The impact of psychosocial and lifestyle factors on the risk of giving birth to an SGA child (as measured by ultrasound) was examined among 747 nulliparous Swedish women who completed both a prenatal baseline, and a post-partum assessment. RESULTS: Those registering low social participation on both assessments showed increased risk of giving birth to an SGA infant (OR = 2.44 and 95% CI: 1.06-5.66), while at one assessment (OR = 1.70 and 95% CI: 0.74-3.91). Maternal smoking confirmed by both or one assessments yielded an OR = 2.72 and 95% CI: 1.37-5.39 and OR = 1.60 and 95% CI: 0.58-4.46, respectively. During early pregnancy, poor instrumental support, maternal smoking, or passive smoking yielded increased risks of SGA, adjusted for confounding (OR = 2.39 and 95% CI: 1.11-5.17; OR = 2.38 and 95% CI: 1.27-4.49; OR = 2.92 and 95% CI: 1.17-7.32, respectively). In late pregnancy, only maternal smoking yielded a significant association (OR = 2.34 and 95% CI: 1.24-4.41). CONCLUSION: Scheduling repeated assessments of psychosocial resources and lifestyle factors during pregnancy yielded additional information. The findings suggest that there can be differential effects of such exposures depending on gestational stage. This information is of importance when designing appropriate intervention strategies for maternal health services as well as for public health relevant policy formulation (e.g. regarding exposure to environmental tobacco during pregnancy).     

孕期被动吸烟对妊娠并发症及妊娠结局的影响

目的了解孕期被动吸烟发生情况,并探讨其对妊娠并发症及结局的影响。方法选取2012年4月―2013年3月在我国15家医疗保健机构分娩的8926例单胎活产产妇作为研究对象,使用自制调查问卷收集孕期被动吸烟发生情况、妊娠并发症和结局等信息,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析孕期被动吸烟对妊娠并发症及结局的影响。结果共1801例产妇在孕期经历被动吸烟。控制混杂因素后,孕期经历被动吸烟的产妇妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的发生风险是非被动吸烟者的1.359倍(95%CI:1.146~1.612,P<0.001),胎膜早破的风险为1.290倍(95%CI:1.095~1.520,P=0.002),早产的风险为1.367倍(95%CI:1.155~1.619,P<0.001),娩出低出生体重儿的风险为1.341倍(95%CI:1.079~1.668,P=0.008)。与非被动吸烟者相比,平均每周被动吸烟天数≥4天者胎膜早破、早产和低出生体重儿的发生风险分别为非被动吸烟者的1.402倍(95%CI:1.104~1.780,P=0.006)、1.690倍(95%CI:1.339~2.132,P<0.001)和1.584倍(95%CI:1.172~2.141,P=0.023)。结论被调查产妇孕期被动吸烟率较高,孕期经历被动吸烟能够增加妊娠期糖尿病、胎膜早破、早产和低出生体重儿的发生风险。     

Determinants of Small for Gestational Age Birth at Term

Background: Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is an indicator of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and later health risks. This study investigated determinants of severe and moderate SGA (respectively, birthweight <3rd percentile and 3rd to <10th percentile for gestational age and sex). Methods: A total of 2195 term pregnancies from a prospective cohort were studied. Prenatal data arose from maternal interview at 10–22 weeks of gestation and perinatal data were collected from hospital charts. Severe and moderate SGA were classified by Canadian population standards. Risk factors for SGA were identified from fitting multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Multivariable associations with severe SGA were: maternal age ≥ 35 [odds ratio (OR) 3.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 6.9]], maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 5.3 [95% CI 2.4, 11.7]), preeclampsia (OR 4.6 [95% CI 1.6, 13.2]) and threatened preterm labour (OR 3.9 [95% CI 1.3, 11.4]). Primiparity was associated with both severe and moderate SGA with OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.1, 5.1] and OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.3, 2.9] respectively. Underweight pre‐pregnancy body mass index was associated with moderate SGA (OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.2, 5.0]). Inclusion of placental weight, in the final model attenuated the associations. Conclusions: This study demonstrated different determinants for severe and moderate SGA. We speculate that the majority of severe SGA infants are IUGR while moderate SGA infants may be a mixture of IUGR and constitutionally small newborns. This study has also contributed evidence linking preterm labour and SGA as two, potentially related, outcomes of overlapping causal mechanisms reflective of ischaemic placental disease.     

孕期不同阶段被动吸烟对足月产小于胎龄儿影响的病例-对照研究

目的研究孕期被动吸烟对胎儿出生体重的影响。方法采用1∶1匹配的病例对照研究方法,收集了分娩足月产小于胎龄儿(SGA)的产妇及与其年龄(<20岁、20~35岁和≥35岁)、新生儿性别和出生日期(±10天)相匹配的对照共155对,应用条件Logistic回归方法进行单因素和多因素分析。结果在怀孕中期、晚期或整个孕期被动吸烟与SGA的发生有显著性关联(P<0.05),在调整了其他危险因素后,OR分别为3.07、2.94和3.42,本研究没有发现在怀孕早期被动吸烟与SGA的显著性关联(P>0.05)。结论在怀孕中期和后期避免被动吸烟可能会降低胎儿发生足月SGA的相对危险性。     

小于胎龄儿发病相关危险因素分析

【目的】分析小于胎龄(small for gestational age,SGA)儿发病的相关危险因素,为临床防治提供参考。【方法】采用1∶2配对的病例对照研究方法,选取本院2005年1月～2006年12月出生的240例单胎活产SGA儿及同期出生的相同胎龄的适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)480例,应用Logistic回归分析方法,对其影响因素进行分析。【结果】多元回归分析显示:妊娠高血压综合症、既往异常妊娠史、母亲文化程度低、孕期被动吸烟与SGA发生有关联,其OR值分别为5.65、2.83、3.53、4.71。【结论】妊娠高血压综合症、既往异常妊娠史、母亲文化程度低、孕期被动吸烟,是SGA发生的危险因素,应从孕期保健做起,避免或减少SGA的发生。     

围孕期叶酸补充情况及其对妊娠结局影响

  目的  了解单胎妊娠围孕期叶酸补充情况和补充剂量, 探讨围孕期叶酸补充与妊娠结局的关系。  方法  以2017年10月-2019年6月期间在广州市花都区妇幼保健院分娩的6 536例单胎活产的孕妇作为研究对象。在分娩前或分娩后回顾性的调查孕妇一般人口学特征、围孕期增补叶酸情况及妊娠结局等信息。  结果  孕前半年服用叶酸坚持1个月以上的孕妇1 345人(20.18%); 围孕期每日叶酸服用剂量正常的孕妇764人(11.69%)。与未补充叶酸相比, 孕前补充叶酸可使新生儿增加74.68 g出生体重, 孕后补充增加55.05 g(P＜0.05)。在控制孕妇年龄、文化水平、孕前BMI、被动吸烟时间等相关因素后, 孕前补充叶酸可以使小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age, SGA)的发生风险降低(aOR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.46~0.95)。低出生体重(low birth weight, LBW)和自发早产与叶酸补充类型无关。围孕期高剂量补充叶酸可能增加自发早产的发生风险(aOR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.02~3.01)。SGA和LBW与叶酸补充剂量无关。  结论  围孕期补充叶酸可以促进胎儿生长, 降低SGA的发生风险。     

足月产小于胎龄儿孕妇危险因素病例-对照研究

目的　探索影响胎儿出生体重的危险因素。方法　采用 1∶1匹配的病例对照研究方法 ,收集了足月产小于胎龄儿 (SGA)及其对照共 1 5 5对。应用条件Logistic回归分析方法和相加模型对危险因素及其交互作用进行分析。结果　产妇孕前体重低 (≤ 5 2kg)、孕期体重增加少 (≤ 1 6kg)、被动吸烟和喝茶、孕期及怀孕之前 3个月内进行过染发、烫发或油、配偶身高低 (≤ 1 73cm)以及产妇体重指数大 (≥ 1 9)等与SGA的发生有显著性关联 (P <0 0 5 ) ,在调整了其他危险因素后 ,OR分别为 2 0 8、2 83、3 4 2、2 72、5 6 7、2 92和 0 4 1 ,其中产妇孕前体重低与孕期体重增加少、孕期及怀孕之前 3个月内进行过染发、烫发或油、配偶身高低和孕期被动吸烟之间存在正交互作用。结论　产妇孕前体重低 ,孕期体重增加少、被动吸烟和喝茶、孕期及怀孕之前 3个月内进行染发烫发或油以及配偶身高低等是SGA的危险因素 ,产妇体重指数大是SGA的保护因素