EVI1与BCR/ABL基因共表达的儿童白血病临床分析

目的 研究EVI1与BCR/ABL基因共表达的儿童白血病的临床特征。方法 收集并比较分析4例EVI1与BCR/ABL基因共表达的儿童白血病以及8例BCR/ABL基因表达阳性而EVI1表达阴性的慢性粒细胞性白血病（CML）的临床资料。结果 4例EVI1与BCR/ABL基因共表达的白血病患儿初诊时2例为CML慢性期,1例为CML加速期,1例为高危急性淋巴细胞性白血病（ALL）。3例EVI1与BCR/ABL基因共表达的CML与8例BCR/ABL基因表达阳性而EVI1表达阴性CML临床特征比较无明显差异。EVI1与BCR/ABL共表达的患儿均高表达CD33、CD38。染色体分析发现4例患儿都存在t（9;22）。截止到随访日期2013年8月,3例EVI1基因表达阳性的CML患儿2例在治疗1个月或3个月后达到血液学缓解;2例BCR/ABL基因和EVI1基因均未转阴,1例EVI1基因转阴而BCR/ABL基因仍未转阴。除ALL第一疗程治疗后未达缓解,放弃治疗失访外,其余3例患儿均存活,无复发,总生存期分别为20、13、14个月。结论 EVI1与BCR/ABL融合基因共表达可存在于儿童CML和ALL中,其临床特征无特异性,其预后还需扩大样本量进一步明确。     

多重RT-PCR检测儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病融合基因的临床研究

目的研究急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患儿染色体畸变所致融合基因与临床危险度分层及治疗的关系。方法采用多重RT-PCR方法检测儿童ALL的常见融合基因,结合染色体核型分析、免疫表型及临床资料对152例ALL患儿进行临床研究。结果152例ALL患儿中有43例（29．5％）具有9种常见融合基因表达,包括 TEL/AML1、BCR/ABL（P190）、BCR/ABL（P210）、E2A/PBX1、MLL/ENL、MLL/AF9、TLS/ERG、CBF/MYH11、Hox11。TEL/AML1融合基因阳性23例,其中1例放弃治疗,1例因早期治疗反应不良,评估为高危,其他21例均早期治疗反应良好,目前停药10例（停药时间4～30个月）,11例仍为完全缓解（CR）,1例停药18个月后骨髓复发。E2A/PBX1融合基因阳性4例,其中3例评估为中危,目前均CR中,1例因早期治疗反应不良,评估为高危,化疗过程中复发死亡;BCR/ABL（P190）阳性5例,BCR/ABL（P210）阳性3例,其中5例行骨髓移植治疗（4例移植后数月骨髓复发,1例CR中）,1例选择高危方案化疗后骨髓复发,另外2例临床未缓解,放弃治疗;MLL基因阳性2例,均评估为中危,1例MLL/AF9,经强化疗后目前已停药18个月,1例MLL/ENL,在化疗过程中复发,放弃治疗;TLS/ERG融合基因1例,早期治疗反应不良,经强化疗后达CR,目前已停药20个月;Hox11融合基因阳性4例,均评估为中危,化疗后3例CR中,1例因复发放弃治疗。结论 TEL/AML1表达者化疗效果良好;BCR/ABL、MLL基因重排等化疗效果差,需骨髓移植或强烈化疗。采用多重RT-PCR方法可快速同时检测儿童急性白血病29种常见融合基因,完善白血病的MICM分型、指导临床个体化治疗。     

CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病复发患儿的特征分析

目的 了解CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)复发患儿的临床特征。方法 选取2008 年4 月至2013 年6 月间初诊为儿童ALL,并接受CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗的591 例患儿,回顾性分析并随访观察其中80 例复发患儿的临床特征。结果 CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗后标危组、中危组、高危组复发率分别为7.0%、10.7%、28.7%(P<0.05)。TEL/AML1 阳性ALL 患儿复发率为8.0%,其复发患儿5 年预期总生存率(OS)为37.04%;MLL 阳性与BCR/ABL 阳性ALL 患儿复发率分别为35.0% 和24.2%,5 年OS 为0。复发者以超早期为主,占53%,超早期复发者5 年OS 为0;早期和晚期复发分别占34% 和14%,其5 年OS 分别为11.44% 和60.00%。复发部位以单纯骨髓复发为主(83%),单纯骨髓复发患儿5 年OS 为9.23%;骨髓伴有骨髓外复发患儿占11%,其5 年OS 为25.00%;单纯骨髓外复发患儿占6%,其5 年OS 为100%。T 细胞型ALL 患儿复发率为9.5%,其复发患儿5 年OS 为0;B 细胞型ALL 患儿复发率为14.3%,其复发患儿5 年OS 为15.52%。结论 CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗后高危组患儿复发率较高;MLL、BCR/ABL 等基因阳性是高危复发因素。免疫分型与复发率无明显相关性。早期复发、单纯骨髓复发、T 细胞型ALL 复发及伴有BCR/ABL、MLL 等基因异常者复发后生存率极低。     

一步法多重RT-PCR对儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病常见融合基因的检测及意义

目的 探讨一步法多重RT-PCR 对儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)常见4 种融合基因的检测效果。方法 2003 年1 月至2010 年12 月确诊的ALL 患儿76 例,采集所有患儿骨髓标本,提取细胞总RNA,一步法多重RT-PCR 或常规巢式PCR 法对E2A/PBX1、MLL/AF4、BCR/ABL 和TEL/AML1 融合基因进行检测;DNA测序对PCR 结果进行验证。结果 一步法多重RT-PCR 及DNA 测序验证显示76 例ALL 患儿中,TEL/AML1融合基因阳性12 例(产物长度分别为298 bp 9 例,259 bp 3 例), E2A/PBX1 融合基因阳性3 例(产物长度373 bp), BCR/ABL 融合基因阳性1 例(产物长度2124 bp),MLL/AF4 融合基因阳性7 例(产物长度分别为427 bp 1 例,673 bp 6 例),与常规巢式PCR 检出结果一致。结论 一步法多重RT-PCR 可应用于儿童ALL 常见融合基因的检测。     

3例费城染色体阳性急性髓系白血病临床和实验室分析

目的探讨费城染色体(Ph染色体)阳性急性髓系白血病患儿的临床、形态学、免疫学和细胞遗传学特点。方法对3例有完整资料可供分析的Ph染色体阳性急性髓系白血病患儿进行形态学、细胞遗传学、免疫学和分子生物学检查,并对其治疗效果进行观察。结果 3例均为急性粒单细胞白血病(M4)患儿。细胞遗传学检查均为单纯t(9;22)异常;免疫表型显示2例伴淋系抗原表达。经治疗,1例于血液学缓解后3个月复发,并于第6个月死亡;1例于诱导缓解阶段,出现骨髓抑制,发生严重感染,最终放弃治疗;1例经常规化疗获得缓解后进行了异基因造血干细胞移植,现已无病存活4个月。结论Ph染色体阳性急性髓系白血病是有别于慢性粒细胞白血病的一组高度复杂的异质性疾病,具有独特的临床和血液学特点,临床疗效和预后极差。     

慢性粒细胞白血病的临床治疗现状

慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)是一种发生在早期多能造血干细胞上的恶性骨髓增生性疾病。病程发展较缓慢,主要涉及髓系,在受累的细胞系中,可找到费城染色体(Ph染色体)和(或)BCR—ABL融合基因。其治疗目的是消除症状,控制血液形态学、遗传学和分子生物学上的异常,最大限度地延长生存期。现对CML的临床治疗情况综述如下。     

bcr/abl融合基因阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病的临床特点

目的总结bcr/abl融合基因阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患儿临床特点,探讨其治疗及预后的相关因素。方法对经巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测bcr/abl融合基因阳性ALL患儿临床表现、治疗、预后进行回顾性分析。结果bcr/abl融合基因阳性ALL患儿20例。中位年龄9岁,普通B细胞型ALL 19例(95%);治疗d33骨髓完全缓解率为66.7%,16例中7例复发(45%),持续缓解时间2年以上6例;5例接受造血干细胞移植(HSCT),均骨髓复发;6例存活患者中均为单纯化疗,bcr/abl融合基因已转阴。1例T细胞表型患儿于化疗缓解3个月骨髓复发,接受移植术后1个月骨髓再次复发。结论bcr/abl融合基因阳性ALL患儿化疗效果差,难缓解,复发率高,预后差,T细胞表型预后更差。部分对化疗敏感的患儿bcr/abl融合基因持续阴性。异基因HSCT复发率也较高。     

儿童E2A-PBX1融合基因阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病两种化疗方案的疗效比较

目的 比较E2A-PBXl+儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)经北京儿童医院2003方案(BCH-03组)及中国儿童白血病协作组2008方案组(CCLG-08组)治疗的效果.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2011年1月初治的59例E2A-PBXl+患儿的临床资料,其中BCH-03组37例,CCLG-08组22例.分析两组患儿的初诊临床特征、早期治疗反应、复发时间、无复发生存(RFS)、无事件生存(EFS)等.结果 两组患儿在性别、年龄、初诊外周血白细胞计数、中枢神经系统累及、免疫表型、早期泼尼松治疗反应及诱导缓解率等方面差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).在诱导缓解治疗阶段,BCH-03组采用60 mg/m2泼尼松,CCLG-08组采用6 mg/m2地塞米松,其他药物的剂量及治疗方式均一致.在诱导缓解治疗结束时,BCH-03组患儿的微小残留病转阴的比例显著高于CCLG-08组(84.2％ vs.47.1％,P=0.018).两组诱导缓解治疗期间感染发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.135).BCH-03组的EFS显著优于CCLG-08组(94.5％ vs.71.5％,P=0.010),RFS可能优于CCLG-08组(94.5％ vs.78.6％,P=0.059).结论 BCH-03方案比CCLG-08方案对E2A-PBXl+儿童ALL可能具有更好的治疗效果,60 mg/m2泼尼松可能更适合此亚型白血病的诱导缓解治疗.     

Ph染色体阳性的急性淋巴细胞性白血病3例报告

1960年Nowell首先在慢性粒细胞性白血病(CML)中发现费城染色体(Ph染色体),随后即被证实它是CML的标志。但近年来一些资料表明,Ph染色体也可以在急性白血病(AL)中出现,尤多见于急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL),它对于ALL的诊断、预后判断有重要的临床意义。我们在27例ALL染色体研究中,发现3例Ph染色体阳性的ALL,现结合文献报告如下。     

小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病和CD_(34)抗原表达

目的 　分析小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)CD3 4 表达特点及与Ph染色体表达、预后的关系。方法 　采用间接免疫荧光法分析 42例初治的ALL患者的免疫表型 ,其中B ALL 3 1例 ,T ALL 9例 ,N ALL 2例。结果　(1)小儿ALLCD3 4 阳性 14例 ,阳性率 3 3 3 %,其中 ,B ALL阳性 13例 (4 1 9%) ,T ALL阳性 1例 (11 1%) ,N ALL未检出阳性 ,B系ALL阳性率明显高于T系ALL(P <0 0 5 ) ,ALL L2 中的阳性率高于L1 (P<0 0 5 ) (2 )CD3 4 表达与外周血幼稚细胞有关 (P <0 0 1)与患者治疗前白细胞数、肝脾大及出血情况无关。 (3 )CD3 4 表达和脑膜白血病有关 (P <0 0 1)和缓解率无显著相关性。 (4 )Ph染色体阳性率为 3 1 2 %。CD3 4 表达和Ph染色体无显著相关性。 结论 　CD3 4 表达阳性组外周血原始细胞增多 ,引起脑膜白血病机会多。CD3 4 表达与ALL亚型、细胞分化程度有关。和治疗缓解率及染色体无显著关系。     

Resilience in Families with a Child with Cancer

The aim of this study was to identify and explore resilience factors associated with family adaption after a child had been diagnosed with cancer. Using a cross-sectional survey research design, parents (n = 26), and children (n = 25) from the same families independently completed six self-report questionnaires, as well as responded to an open-ended question about those qualities that helped their family through the period following the diagnosis. The most significant results came from the children's data. According to these results, connectedness within the family, the experience of control over life events, family routines, positive, and supportive communication, redefinition of crisis situations, and lastly, a passive appraisal of crisis situations, were positively linked to better family adaptation. The identified factors should be strengthened and developed in families finding themselves in a similar situation.     

Colonization with Clostridium difficile in Children with Cancer

Objective

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus. Usually it does not cause disease unless a patient who is colonized with toxin-producing strains has been treated with antibiotics, particularly those that change the anaerobic flora of the large intestine.

Methods

We investigated in a prospective study intestinal colonization of C. difficile and its toxins in children with malignancy that used different antibiotics and cytotoxic drugs.

Findings

One hundred fifty-two patients were included in this prospective study. Stool samples were obtained within the first 48 hours after admission and cultured for C. difficile; cytopathic effect of C. difficile was detected on HELA cells, also ELISA test was performed for detection of toxins A and B. 25% of patients had positive culture for C. difficile; 36/38 (92%) revealed positive cytopathic effect on HELA cells. No significant relation was found between age, gender, history of antibiotic consumption and C. difficile positive culture and cytopathic effect on HELA cells. The only relation was seen between cotrimoxazol usage and cytopathic effect on HELA cells (P=0.03).

Conclusion

Although the rate of C. difficile colonization (25.6%) and toxigenic strains (23.7%) in admitted children in hematologic ward is high, the rate of ELISA positive test for toxin A+B was not correspond with culture and cytopatic effect on HELA cell. With respect to sensitivity and specificity of ELISA test, possibility for existence of toxin C with cytopathic effect is high in this type of patients.     

Treatment with Probucol of Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia

ABSTRACT. Nine children with familial hypercholesterolaemia, age range 2 to 12 years, were treated with a low cholesterol diet and probucol (10 mg/kg/day). The year before, the children received, as only treatment, a low fat-cholesterol diet. During this period their mean plasma total cholesterol level fell from 8.2±1.45 mmol/l to 7.17±0.84 mmol/l (12.6%). This level was further reduced to 5.92±0.63 mmol/l (17.1%) after the addition of probucol. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lowered in absolute terms but not in relation to total cholesterol. No apparent side effects were observed. However, the use of probucol should be restricted for the moment to severe cases of hypercholesterolaemia as the long-term excretion of the drug in children is not yet known.     

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia

Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia is defined as a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by leukoerythroblastosis, tear drop erythrocytes, extramedullary hematopoesis and varying degree of myelofibrosis. It may be idiopathic or secondary to a large number of conditions. Here is a rare case of myelofibrosis occurring in a patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.     

Therapeutic experience with hepatoblastoma associated with trisomy 18

Trisomy 18 is often fatal, but patients with this disease can now have longer survival due to proactive treatment intervention. However, hepatoblastomas may develop in these patients. In this study, we report four cases of hepatoblastoma associated with trisomy 18. All of the patients had congenital heart disease and three had undergone intracardiac surgical repair. Tumor growth was relatively slow in all cases, and there were no problems with chemotherapy tolerability and surgical resection. Three of the patients are currently disease‐free and the fourth is alive with remaining of the tumor. These cases suggest that combined chemotherapy and surgical resection may be an option to treat hepatoblastoma associated with trisomy 18 when cardiac pulmonary function is relatively stable.