晚期非小细胞肺癌的化放疗序贯治疗

目的探讨吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌3周方案并序贯化放疗的疗效和不良反应。方法经病理和细胞学证实的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,既往未进行化疗和放疗,临床上有可测量病灶(根据WHO标准),美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分为0～2分,肝、肾功能基本正常。均给予吉西他滨和顺铂的联合化疗并序贯化放疗方案治疗。按照WHO的标准评价疗效和不良反应,并随访生存期。结果共入组43例患者,其中39例可评价疗效:19例(48.72%)部分缓解、13例(33.33%)病情稳定和7例(17.95%)疾病进展。生存期为3.7～21.4个月,中位生存期为10.1个月。主要的不良反应为血液毒性,表现为白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板和血红蛋白下降;其次为消化道症状。结论吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌3周方案并序贯化放疗是晚期非小细胞肺癌的标准一线化疗方案之一,患者可较好耐受。     

国产吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌29例临床观察

目的 观察国产吉西他滨（泽菲）联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及不良反应。方法 29例患者采用泽菲1．0g／m2静脉点滴，第1、8天及顺铂30mg／m^2静脉点滴，第1～3天化疗，21d为1周期，2个周期后评价疗效。结果 29例可评价疗效和不良反应，总有效率51．7％，主要不良反应为骨髓抑制。结论 泽菲联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌有效率高，不良反应可耐受。     

艾迪注射液联合化疗治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

支气管肺癌是我国常见恶性肿瘤，发生率在城市和农村中有明显差别．在我国许多城市占男性恶性肿瘤的首位。吉西他滨联合顺铂（GP）方案能明显延长老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的生存期，且提高生活质量，被认为是老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的优先选择。2004年10月-2008年11月对59例老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者使用艾迪注射液与GP联合化疗和单用GP方案化疗进行临床观察．现将结果报道如下。     

含铂的3种化疗方案对非小细胞肺癌的疗效比较

目的：分析比较含铂的3种化疗方案对非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效。方法：将102例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为A、B、c组。分别接受GP方案（吉西他滨＋顺铂）、TP方案（紫杉醇＋顺铂）、NP方案（长春瑞滨＋顺铂）化疗,观察疗效及不良反应情况。结果：A组总有效率为35．3％,B组为38．2％,C组为44．1％。不良反应主要有骨髓抑制、脱发、胃肠道反应、恶心呕吐,经对症处理后均得到明显好转。其中C组骨髓抑制发生率明显高于A、B组（P〈0．05）。结论：3种化疗方案对非小细胞肺癌的疗效相近,不良反应可逆,均为有效治疗方案。     

NP方案化放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的 探讨长春瑞滨加顺铂(NP)序贯化放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效和毒副反应。方法 46例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,随机分成两组,每组23例,A组为单放组,B组为长春瑞滨加顺铂序贯化放疗组.两组均采用6MV-X射线放射治疗,原发病灶和临床可见的肺门纵隔淋巴结总量60~66Gy。B组先应用NP方案行3周期化疗,再行放疗,放疗结束后,再行1周期化疗。NVB25mg/m²,静注,第1、8天,DDP60mg/m²静推,第1天。结果 单纯放疗和长春瑞滨加顺铂的有效率分别为69.5%和86.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组毒副反应无显著差异。结论 序贯化放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌可提高有效率,毒副反应.有增加趋势。     

吉西他滨与多西他赛联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

[目的]比较吉西他滨与多西他赛联合顺铂方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效及不良反应。[方法]62例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者完全随机分为两组,吉西他滨组30例给予吉西他滨联合顺铂化疗,多西他赛组32例给予多西他赛联合顺铂化疗。每周期评价不良反应,评价疗效。[结果]两组有效率分别为吉西他滨组46.7%和多西他赛组43.8%,两组之间有效率差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。不良反应主要为骨髓抑制和肝功能损害,吉西他滨组白细胞产减少率为76.7%,多西他赛组为84.4%,两组差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);两组肝功能损害率分别为26.7%和34.4%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。[结论]吉西他滨与多西他赛联合顺铂方案治疗晚期NSCLC均具有较好的疗效,且两者的疗效相似,不良反应可以耐受,可以作为临床一线治疗。     

国产长春瑞滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的 观察国产长春瑞滨NVB（盖诺）加顺铂（PDD）联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效。方法 化疗方案包括采用盖诺25mg／m^2静脉推注，第1、8天，顺铂20mg/m^2静脉滴注，第1～5天。结果 40例病人进入本组临床试验。其中完全缓解（CR）1例，部分缓解（PR）17例，稳定（NC）19例，进展（PD）3例，总有效率为45．0％。中位缓解期5个月，中位生存期10个月。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制，消化道反应及静脉炎。结论 盖诺加顺铂联合化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效较高，副反应患者可以耐受。     

GP方案化疗联合放疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效观察

目的观察GP方案化疗联合放疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效。方法注射用盐酸吉西他滨1000mg／m^2,第1、8天静脉滴注,顺铂30mg,第2、3、4、5天静脉滴注,每3周重复一次。化疗3个周期后休息2～3周开始放疗。结果全组66例患者中完全缓解8例,部分缓解28例,稳定17例,进展13例,有效率54．55％（36166）;疾病稳定率80．30％（53／66）。不良反应主要是骨髓抑制,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度骨髓抑制发生率51．52％（34／66）。结论GP方案化疗联合放疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效好,不良反应可以耐受,远期疗效还需进一步观察。     

培美曲塞联合顺铂对晚期非小细胞肺癌的化疗效果和血清肿瘤标志物的影响

目的探讨培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和对血清肿瘤标志物的影响。方法选择178例非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组各89例,对照组采用吉西他滨+顺铂化疗方案,观察组采用培美曲塞+顺铂化疗方案,比较2组患者的化疗效果、不良反应发生率及血清肿瘤标志物水平。结果 2组的临床缓解率和疾病控制率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组贫血、血小板减少、皮疹、肝功能损害及放射性肺炎的发生率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与化疗前相比,2组化疗2个周期后CEA、CA125、NSE及CYFRA21-1水平均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的化疗疗效与吉西他滨联合顺铂相当,但不良反应明显减少,且可明显降低患者血清肿瘤标志物水平,值得推广。     

吉西他宾联合顺铂方案静脉全身化疗加局部介入化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的探讨吉西他宾（Gemcitabine）联合顺铂（DDP）（GP）方案全身静脉化疗结合局部介入化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效。方法86例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为两组，治疗组采用GP方案，经支气管动脉灌注结合GP方案静脉化疗；对照组采用GP方案单纯静脉化疗，对两组的临床疗效及不良反应等方面进行临床观察。结果治疗组总有效率56．7％（21／37），对照组总有效率44．1％（15／34），两种不同给药途径GP方案近期疗效有显著统计学差异（P〈0．01），且发热、胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制不良反应亦有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论GP方案介入与静脉化疗结合治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效高、不良反应轻。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.