深圳市外来劳务工营养与膳食调查

目的了解深圳市外来劳务工膳食结构和营养状况,为开展营养教育和营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取工业区集体食堂14所、830名劳务工进行膳食调查;用记账法获得每个集体食堂的调味品的消费量,连续3d 24h回顾法获得每个调查对象各类食物的进食量,与推荐摄入量（Recommended nutrientintakes,RNIs）、2002年广东省居民膳食调查结果进行比较,评价深圳市劳务工的膳食营养状况。结果每标准人日摄入畜禽类、食用油、食盐分别为124.0g、28.1g、7.8g,均高于推荐食物摄入量;水果、鱼虾类、奶类摄入量分别为39.3g、17.4g、23.2g,低于推荐食物摄入量。每标准人日摄入能量2 566.0kcal,占RNIs的107.0%;蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的摄入量分别为75.8g、73.3g、389.0g,提供能量的比例分别为12.0%、26.3%、61.8%。维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素B6、叶酸和维生素C摄入量分别为514.0μgRE、0.9mg、0.8mg、0.3mg、60.6μg、85.9mg,分别仅占RNIs的64.3%、64.3%、57.1%、25.0%、15.2%、85.9%。钙、镁和锌摄入量分别为418.0mg、315.0mg、12.2mg,分别仅占RNIs的52.3%、90.0%、81.3%。结论深圳市外来劳务工人员膳食结构不尽合理。需加强合理营养、平衡膳食的宣传教育,防止营养相关慢性病发病率持续上升。     

182名幼儿体格检查与膳食营养调查分析

①目的了解我市幼儿生长发育状况以及膳食营养结构。②方法对我市182名幼儿的体格发育与膳食营养进行了系统调查。③结果182名幼儿体格检查有7.70%的幼儿为肥胖儿,幼儿的膳食结构中油脂类摄入量过高,超过《中国居民平衡膳食宝塔》中量的48%,铁摄入不足,为推荐摄入量(RNIs)的66%。④结论视黄醇当量、维生素B2、维生素C严重缺乏,分别为推荐摄入量(RNIs)的35%、34%、32%。     

经济收入对老年心血管病患者膳食营养素摄入水平的影响

目的:了解经济收入水平对老年心血管病患者膳食结构和营养素摄入量的影响.方法:对60例老年心血管病患者的经济收入水平、膳食结构和每日营养素摄入量进行调查,并与中国居民膳食营养素推荐摄入量(RNI)进行比较.结果:老年心血管病患者能量、蛋白质、胆固醇和钠的平均每日摄入量高于RNI,钙、膳食纤维的平均每日摄入量低于RNI;碳水化合物供能的比例较低,蛋白质、脂肪供能比例较高;蛋白质和脂肪摄入量随收入水平的升高而升高,其他营养素摄入量不随收入水平的变化而变化.结论:老年心血管病患者的膳食结构随着经济收入的增加,有向高蛋白、高脂肪、低谷物方向发展的趋势.     

营养治疗状况对糖尿病合并肺结核患者血糖及营养状况的影响

目的 了解适当的高能量高蛋白营养治疗对糖尿病合并肺结核患者血糖及营养状况的影响. 方法 选择116例糖尿病合并肺结核住院患者,随机分为两组:治疗组食用按照营养师所制订食谱的要求制作的个性化饮食,对照组自己控制饮食.观察治疗前后血糖、BMI及各营养指标的变化.结果 2组间能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、Ca、Fe、Zn、VA、VB2和VC的实际摄入量占推荐需要量的百分比差异有统计学意义(P<0. 01);对照组中能量和蛋白质的实际摄入量低于推荐需要量的60%,多种维生素和矿物质的实际摄入量低于推荐需要量的50%,但脂肪的实际摄入量达到推荐需要量的105%.蛋白质所占比例过低,脂肪偏高;优质蛋白质比例过低,膳食结构不合理.治疗组空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后血糖(PBG)营养治疗后一周、三周均明显下降(P<0.01),而对照组空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后血糖(PBG)仅在治疗后三周下降明显(P<0.01);治疗组BMI及各项营养指标如: Hb、TLC和ALB在治疗后3周均明显增加(P<0.01),而对照组BMI及各项营养指标治疗后三周变化均未有明显变化. 结论 适当的高能量高蛋白膳食能够有效地降低糖尿病合并肺结核患者的血糖,提高患者的营养状况.     

河池市居民营养与健康状况调查

目的 了解广西河池市居民膳食营养状况，为制订营养改善策略提供科学依据。方法 运用多阶分层整群随机抽样法，抽取3个社区进行膳食营养与健康状况调查。共调查542户，1629人。依国家卫生部、科技部和统计局2002年组织的“中国居民营养与健康状况调查”统一标准，用称重法获每家庭连续3d调味品消费量；24h回顾法获得每人各类食物进食量；测量身高、体重和测定血红蛋白、血糖、血脂等。结果河池市居民每标准人日摄能量为10655．8kJ，达中国营养学会中国居民营养素推荐摄入量（RNIs）的106．0％；蛋白质、脂肪日摄入量分别为87．0、97．8g，分别占日摄能量的13．9％和35．2％；视黄醇当量、核黄素和硫胺素日摄入量分别为849．3,ug、1．1mg、1．2mg，分别达RNIs的104．4％、77．6％和89．6％；钙、铁、钠日摄入量分别为454．1、26．1和5228．6mg，分别为适宜摄入标准（AI）的47．6％、142．6％和238．1％；动物性食物提供的蛋白质占50．9％；脂肪中动物性脂肪占58．4％；营养不良率为9．1％，贫血率为10．3％，肥胖率为2．9％，超重率为15．5％。结论 河池市居民日常膳食中能量、蛋白质摄入量，视黄醇、核黄素和硫胺素摄入量基本达标，但脂肪提供能量偏高，有明显的由低脂膳食向高脂膳食转变的趋势。且仍存在一定程度的营养不良率及贫血率。提示河池市居民面临营养不足和营养不平衡两个挑战。     

糖代谢异常孕妇的营养状况及血糖的膳食影响因素分析

目的了解糖代谢异常孕妇诊断前的膳食营养状况,为今后在该人群中开展医学营养治疗提供依据。方法2007年5月—2008年5月对广东省人民医院诊断为糖代谢异常的108例单胎孕妇,采用24h膳食回顾法进行膳食调查,分析其膳食中热能和各种营养素的摄入情况,并将口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)的血糖浓度与摄入量进行多元线性回归分析。结果糖代谢异常孕妇诊断前的膳食中,每日热能、脂肪和糖类的摄入量偏高,蛋白质产热比偏低,糖类的产热比偏高,与按其身高、孕前体质量、体力活动和孕周而计算的参考摄入量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);每日维生素B1、维生素B2和锌的摄入量不足,仅为孕中期中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量的86.7%、70.6%和86.6%;膳食纤维摄入不足,钠和胆固醇的摄入量超标;其中粮谷类、水果类和油脂类摄入量偏高。多元线性回归分析表明:粮谷类食物日摄入量和糖类日摄入量对血糖值有影响(P<0.05)。结论糖代谢异常孕妇的膳食结构不合理,有必要开展个体化的医学营养治疗。     

重庆市32所幼儿园儿童营养调查分析

目的了解重庆市托幼机构儿童膳食营养状况,以便指导制订科学合理的平衡营养食谱.方法使用集体儿童营养分析软件,按照推荐供给量(RDA)为评价标准.结果绝大部分幼儿园的热量、蛋白质及脂肪摄入量均达到或超过标准,微量元素中钙、锌摄入量较低,而维生素类摄入量达标情况较好.结论集体儿童膳食营养配餐不合理的情况仍较普遍,要继续加强托幼机构科学合理配餐的指导和管理.     

贵阳市云岩区成人膳食结构与营养状况分析

目的:了解云岩区成人膳食结构与营养状况,为指导居民合理膳食提供依据。方法:采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,以云岩区6个社区(村)455户中18～45岁健康成人755人作为研究对象,采用连续3 d24 h回顾法和家庭食物称重法进行膳食调查,并进行体格测量,所得结果与中国营养学会推荐国内食物摄入量及中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)相比。结果:与2007年中国营养学会推荐国内食物摄入量(膳食宝塔)相比,云岩区成人平均日消费量中奶及其制品、鱼虾蛋类、蔬菜水果、豆类及其制品低于推荐标准,粮谷薯类食物达到推荐标准,畜禽肉类和食用油高于推荐标准,男性消费量高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)相比,钠、锰、维生素E、铁的摄入量高于推荐标准,而能量、蛋白质、视黄醇当量、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素C、钙、钾、镁、锌、硒、铜的摄入量低于推荐标准,其中视黄醇当量及钙仅达推荐标准的26.6%、44.4%;能量食物来源构成中谷类占47.4%,豆类及动物性食物等优质蛋白占蛋白质构成的49.0%,脂类食物来源中动物性食物占48.6%,植物性食物占51.4%;18～45岁成人低体重、超重、肥胖发生率分别为5.9%、30.5%、9.9%。结论:云岩区成人居民膳食结构和营养素的摄入与膳食宝塔和DRIs推荐量存在差异,膳食结构不合理、摄入不足及营养不均衡共存。     

青海高原居民膳食营养状况调查研究

对2002年青海高原居民膳食调查结果分析表明：每标准人日摄入食物总量908．60g。摄入营养素：能量1940．14kCal，蛋白质62．29g，脂肪67．39g，碳水化合物270．34g，雏生素摄入量占RNIs的55．38％～209．59％。矿物质以钙缺乏为显著，307．90mg，占RNIs的38．49％。膳食构成：蛋白质、能量的食物来源以谷类为主，分别占54．81％和59．05％。动物性食物占32．02％，且牧区高于城市和农村。谷类食物农村高于城市和牧区。脂肪：动物性食物占31．15％，植物性食物占68．85％。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化舍物分别占供能比13．13％、30．46％、56．41％。     

泗水县居民营养与健康状况研究

目的 探讨泗水县居民膳食结构与健康状况,为营养工作的改善提供科学依据. 方法 用分层整群抽样法抽取1552人,其中517人进行膳食调查. 结果 每标准人日摄入能量为推荐摄入量(RNI)的83.96%;摄入的蛋白质和脂肪所提供能量的比例分别为9.57%、 32.13%;维生素A、B1、B2的摄入分别占RNI的54.73%、76.92%、61.53%;钙、钠摄入量分别占适宜摄入量(AI)的65.85%、189.45%;铁摄入量 14.8mg,与AI基本相当.动物性食物提供的蛋白质占39.48%,动物性脂肪占脂肪总量的81.36%.营养不良率为12.51%,肥胖率为8.14%,超重率为5.47%,贫血率为18.45%.结论 泗水县居民的营养搭配不平衡、膳食结构不合理,能量、蛋白质摄入偏低,钙及维生素摄入明显不足,钠的摄入量偏高.营养不良、贫血与肥胖、高血压并存.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.