分期治疗颈椎黄韧带骨化合并后纵韧带骨化症

目的回顾性分析分期后前路手术治疗颈椎黄韧带骨化(ossification of ligamentum flavum,OLF)合并后纵韧带骨化(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)的临床疗效。方法完整随访手术治疗的颈椎OLF合并OPLL患者18例,一期行后路椎板成形术,术后严密观察6~9个月,一期术后症状改善有限,影像学检查发现前方骨化的韧带压迫脊髓,二期行前路椎体次全切除并切除骨化的韧带+植骨内固定术。术前、一期和二期术后行JOA评分并计算恢复率,测量颈椎前凸值,比较术前、术后颈椎前凸值、JOA评分和恢复率。结果椎板成形术后出现不全瘫痪症状加重者1例,C5神经根麻痹症状1例,脑脊液漏3例;二期前路手术后出现脑脊液漏2例,神经根麻痹2例,保守治疗后痊愈。平均随访时间26.3个月,术前JOA评分(7.2±1.3)分,颈椎前凸值(5.7±4.1)°;一期术后JOA评分(12.6±3.8)分,改善率为(51.6±19.3)%,颈椎前凸值(9.3±3.8)°;二期术后JOA评分(14.8±1.6)分,改善率为(72.7±13.4)%,颈椎前凸值(15.5±3.2)°。JOA评分、改善率以及颈椎前凸值在一期、二期术后与术前相比差异均有统计学意义,P0.05。结论分期后前路手术治疗可明显改善OLF合并OPLL患者术后JOA评分、恢复率和颈椎前凸值,是治疗OLF合并OPLL的一种良好方式。     

Combined single‐level subtotal corpectomy and decompression for cervical spondylotic myelopathy treatment

Background: The purpose of this study was to summarize outcomes of patients with refractory multisegmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) who were treated by combined single‐level subtotal corpectomy and decompression of the intervertebral space using the anterior approach. Methods: Forty‐five consecutive patients with multisegmental CSM were included; their ages ranged from 37 to 72 years. Seventeen (37.8%) patients had noncontiguous or ‘jumping’ multisegmental CSM and 28 (62.2%) had contiguous multisegmental CSM. The mean preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was 8.1 points. All patients underwent combined single‐level decompression of the involved intervertebral space and subtotal corpectomy together with subsequent fusion and internal fixation. An anterior approach was used for all patients. A cage filled with bone graft was inserted and internal fixation was performed after single‐level intervertebral space decompression. Mesh filled with bone graft was inserted and plate internal fixation was performed after subtotal corpectomy. Results: Follow‐up data (average follow‐up, 14 months) were available for all 45 patients; the mean postoperative JOA score was 13.2 points, which was significantly different from the preoperative JOA score. Bony fusion was achieved in all patients based on postoperative radiography, and no pseudoarthrosis was observed during follow‐up. Conclusions: An excellent outcome can be achieved with the combination of single‐level subtotal corpectomy and decompression of the intervertebral space using the anterior approach to treat multisegmental CSM.     

Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy with anterior compression: a review of 67 cases

OBJECT: In patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), ventral disease and loss of cervical lordosis are considered to be relative indications for anterior surgery. However, anterior decompression and fusion operations may be associated with an increased risk of swallowing difficulty and an increased risk of nonunion when extensive decompression is performed. The authors reviewed cases involving patients with CSM treated via an anterior approach, paying special attention to neurological outcome, fusion rates, and complications. METHODS: Retrospectively, 67 cases involving consecutive patients with CSM requiring an anterior decompression were reviewed: 46 patients underwent anterior surgery only (1-to3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion [ACDF] or 1-level corpectomy), and 21 patients who required > 3-level ACDF or > or = 2-level corpectomy underwent anterior surgery supplemented by a posterior instrumented fusion procedure. RESULTS: Postoperative improvement in Nurick grade was seen in 43 (93%) of 46 patients undergoing anterior decompression and fusion alone (p < 0.001) and in 17 (81%) of 21 patients undergoing anterior decompression and fusion with supplemental posterior fusion (p = 0.0015). The overall complication rate for this series was 25.4%. Interestingly, the overall complication rate was similar for both the lone anterior surgery and combined anterior-posterior groups, but the incidence of adjacent-segment disease was greater in the lone anterior surgery group. CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvement in Nurick grade can be achieved in patients who undergo anterior surgery for cervical myelopathy for primarily ventral disease or loss of cervical lordosis. In selected high-risk patients who undergo multilevel ventral decompression, supplemental posterior fixation and arthrodesis allows for low rates of construct failure with acceptable added morbidity.     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病合并后纵韧带骨化症患者的手术方式探讨

目的探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病合并局灶型后纵韧带骨化症患者手术入路的选择、不同手术方式及结果。方法本组56例多节段脊髓型颈椎病合并局灶型后纵韧带骨化症患者,18例施行前路椎体及病灶切除减压 髂骨或钛网植骨钢板内固定术。30例行后路全椎板减压 Axis侧块钢板固定 关节突植骨。前后路联合手术8例．3例后路术后一期联合前路手术,5例为后路术后症状改善不明显或症状有加重,二期行前路手术。所有病例随访2年以上,采用JOA评分,观察前路、后路和前后路联合3种手术入路的减压效果。结果随访56例,颈前路患者的手术改善率69．69%；颈后路患者的手术改善率65．04%；前后路联合患者的手术改善率75．25%。3种术式存在显著差别。并发症发生率以颈后路手术者最低。结论多节段脊髓型颈椎病合并局灶型后纵韧带骨化症患者手术效果虽然以前后路联合手术为最好,但并发症发生率也最高,而颈后路手术并发症发生率最低。因此应根据患者体质、病情以及影像学表现仔细分析。选择相应的手术方式。     

Choice of surgical approach for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in combination with cervical disc hernia

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a common spinal disorder that presents with or without cervical myelopathy. Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting that OPLL often coexists with cervical disc hernia (CDH), and that the latter is the more important compression factor. To raise the awareness of CDH in OPLL for spinal surgeons, we performed a retrospective study on 142 patients with radiologically proven OPLL who had received surgery between January 2004 and January 2008 in our hospital. Plain radiograph, three-dimensional computed tomography construction (3D CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine were all performed. Twenty-six patients with obvious CDH (15 of segmental-type, nine of mixed-type, two of continuous-type) were selected via clinical and radiographic features, and intraoperative findings. By MRI, the most commonly involved level was C5/6, followed by C3/4, C4/5, and C6/7. The areas of greatest spinal cord compression were at the disc levels because of herniated cervical discs. Eight patients were decompressed via anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), 13 patients via anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF), and five patients via ACDF combined with posterior laminectomy and fusion. The outcomes were all favorable. In conclusion, surgeons should consider the potential for CDH when performing spinal cord decompression and deciding the surgical approach in patients presenting with OPLL.     

颈椎病合并颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的前路手术治疗

目的 探讨颈椎病合并颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)前路切除减压的方法及其临床效果.方法采用颈椎前路减压治疗颈椎病合并颈椎OPLL患者61例,其中男42例,女19例,平均57岁(45～74岁).术前明确诊断颈椎病合并OPLL者49例,术中发现合并有OPLL者12例.OPLL椎管狭窄率32%～70%,平均52%.神经功能JOA评分术前4～14分,平均9.6分.手术在常规颈前路经椎间隙或椎体次全切除减压的基础上,切除骨化后纵韧带彻底减压.结果 本组41例患者采用前路椎体次全切除减压,6例经椎间隙扩大减压,14例采用椎体次全切除结合经椎间隙减压的手术方式.所有患者随访6个月～3年,平均16个月.术后JOA评分8～16分,平均12.8分,神经功能恢复率25.0%～87.5%,平均65.2%.5例患者术后并发脑脊液漏,经保守治疗后均获得痊愈,无1例出现脊髓功能损害加重.结论 颈椎病合并颈椎OPLL增加了手术难度和风险,在颈椎前路常规减压的基础上再将骨化的后纵韧带切除,保证了前路减压的彻底性,可提高手术治疗效果.     

Laser-assisted anterior cervical corpectomy versus posterior laminoplasty for cervical myelopathic patients with multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

OBJECTIVE: This study reports on the comparative results of a series of patients with multilevel cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) who were treated with laser-assisted anterior corpectomy or laminoplasty. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (21 patients with anterior corpectomy and 27 patients with laminoplasty) with cervical OPLL involvement of three or more vertebral bodies were retrospectively reviewed. Both pre- and postoperatively neurological status was graded according to the Nurick grading system. The anteroposterior (AP) diameter change at the narrowest part of the spinal canal, the change in the regional and the overall cervical Cobb's angle, and the change in cervical range of motion (ROM) were all measured. The mean follow-up periods were 21.8 mo and 29.1 mo for the corpectomy and laminoplasty patients, respectively. RESULTS: The mean changes in the pre- to postoperative Nurick grades were 1.9 for the corpectomy group and 1 for the laminoplasty group (p < 0.05). The mean changes in the pre- to postoperative spinal canal AP diameters were 9.1 mm and 4.11 mm, respectively, for the corpectomy group and the laminoplasty group (p < 0.05). The mean changes of the regional Cobb's angle were 1.7 degrees and -3.1 degrees (p = 0.06), and the mean changes of the overall cervical Cobb's angle were 1.1 degrees and -1.6 degrees , respectively, for the corpectomy group and the laminoplasty group (p > 0.05). The changes in the cervical degree of ROM were -19.6 degrees and -19.7 degrees , respectively, for the corpectomy group and the laminoplasty group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Direct decompression of the spinal cord by laser-assisted anterior cervical corpectomy was shown to be a better surgical option on long-term follow-up, yielding more recovery of neurological deficits, achieving adequate decompression of the spinal canal, and preventing the development of regional kyphosis at the operated level of the spine, in patients with multilevel cervical OPLL.     

Cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Anterior versus posterior approach

Background:

The optimal approach to provide satisfactory decompression and minimize complications for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) involving multiple levels (3 levels or more) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of two surgical approaches for cervical OPLL involving multiple levels; anterior direct decompression and fixation, and posterior indirect decompression and fixation. We present a retrospective review of 56 cases followed at a single Institution.

Materials and Methods:

We compared patients of multiple levels cervical OPLL that were treated at a single institution either with anterior direct decompression and fixation or with posterior indirect decompression and fixation. The clinical records of the patients with a minimum duration of follow-up of 2 years were reviewed. The associated complications were recorded.

Results:

Fifty-six patients constitute the clinical material. 26 cases were treated by anterior corpectomy and fixation and 30 cases received posterior laminectomy and fixation. The two populations were similar. It was found that both anterior and posterior decompression and fixation can achieve satisfactory outcomes, and posterior surgery was accomplished in a shorter period of time with lesser blood loss. Although patients had comparable preoperative Japanese Orthopaedics Association (JOA) scores, those with a canal occupancy by OPLL more than 50% and managed anteriorly had better outcomes. However, for those with more severe stenosis, anterior approach was more difficult and associated with higher risks and complications. Despite its limitations in patients with high occupancy OPLLs, through the multiple level laminectomy, posterior fixation can achieve effective decompression, maintaining or restoring stability of the cervical spine, and thereby improving neural outcome and preventing the progression of OPLL.

Conclusions:

The posterior indirect decompression and fixation has now been adopted as the primary treatment for cervical OPLL involving multiple levels with the canal occupancy by OPLL <50% at our institution because this approach leads to significantly less implant failures. Those patients with the occupancy ≥50% managed with anterior approach surgeries had better outcomes, but approach was more difficult and associated with higher risk and complications.     

两种不同术式治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的比较

目的探讨两种不同的颈椎前路减压植骨融合术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法37例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者中,22例行前路椎体次全切除减压钛网内植骨钛板内固定术,15例行分节段颈椎间盘切除、减压＋PEEK-cage内植骨椎间融合术。对两种术式疗效及融合率进行统计分析。结果37例均获随访,时间10～31（18±4.25）个月,两组植骨均融合且无椎间盘退变及椎间高度丢失。两术式疗效及融合率比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论颈前路减压植骨内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病,可取得满意效果,应根据患者病理特点,选择恰当的术式。     

颈前路减压融合钛板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的讨论颈前路减压融合结合前路钛板内固定在脊髓型颈椎病治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析62例脊髓型颈椎病选择颈前路减压（包括椎间盘切除和／或椎体次全切）融合及钛板内固定患者术后的治疗效果。所有患者术后随访2～4年,平均2．5年。结果术前及术后随访采用改良的JOA评分系统评价神经功能状况,术后神经功能恢复优良率为85．5％,椎间植骨融合率为100％。结论只要把握了手术时机和掌握了手术技巧,颈前路减压融合及钛板内固定是治疗脊髓型颈椎病安全而有效的方法。     

Diagnosis and surgery of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament associated with dural ossification in the cervical spine

Direct removal of the ossified mass via anterior approach carries good decompression to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the cervical spine. Ossification occasionally involves not only the posterior longitudinal ligament but also the underlying dura mater, which increased the opportunity of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage or neurological damage. The surgeon was required to recognize the dural ossification (DO) and need more cautious manipulation. Hida et al. first described the computed tomography (CT) findings that indicated the association with DO, and suggest the double-layer sign appeared more specific for DO. This study reviewed 138 patients who received anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) for OPLL, and 40 patients were found in the association with DO during anterior procedure. Radiological studies revealed that the patients with severe OPLL (higher occupying rate and larger extent) have increasing opportunity of association with DO. The double-layer sign, as a specific indicator for association with DO was sensitive in the patients with mild OPLL, but less frequent in those with severe OPLL with DO. Two surgical techniques were used for the patients with DO in anterior decompression procedure. When the double-layer sign was observed on CT scans, the OPLL could be separated from DO through a thin layer consisting a nonossified degenerated PLL to avoid CSF leakage. Otherwise, the entire ossified mass including OPLL and DO was removed completely. In this technique, the arachnoid membrane needed to be persevered with the aid of microscope to avoid a large area of membrane defect, resulting in uncontrolled CSF leakage. There was no significant difference in clinical results between the patients with DO and those without DO. Therefore, ACCF is meritorious for the patient with OPLL associated with DO, although more difficult manipulation and higher risk of CSF leakage.     

多节段颈椎间盘突出症的术式选择

[目的]探讨多节段颈椎间盘突出术式选择的基本原则和方法。[方法]根据每个病人影像学改变的特点分别采用前路开槽减压,植骨钛板内固定;钛网 钛板固定;主要节段钛网 钛板,次要节段环锯减压 Cage融合固定;以及前后路联合手术等多种方法进行治疗。经术后观察随访,对其取得的疗效进行分析总结。[结果]采用不同的方法对96例不同类型的颈椎病进行手术治疗,经过平均2年8个月的随访,效果满意,优良率达到90%。[结论]对多节段颈椎间盘突出或椎间盘退变的脊髓型颈椎病,根据病人不同的影像学改变和症状体征选择不同的手术方式。其关键是要分清主要节段、次要节段,广泛或局限,有无明显的发育性狭窄等不同情况,选择不同的治疗方法。多数病人均能通过颈前路的开槽减压内固定而取得满意效果。单节段椎间退变选择椎间隙减压植骨固定;2~3节段椎间退变一般选择开槽减压内固定;广泛性退变或椎管明显狭窄,连续型颈椎后纵韧带骨化等病例应结合后路减压扩大椎管才能达到有效治疗。手术方法的选择是取得颈椎病良好疗效的关键。     

一期前后联合手术减压固定治疗严重下颈椎疾病

目的:对严重下颈椎疾病,包括骨折脱位、脊髓型颈椎病及颈椎后纵韧带骨化症采取一期前后联合手术治疗,探讨该疗法的可行性和疗效。方法:本组48例中男35例,女13例;年龄21~75岁,平均48岁。严重下颈椎骨折脱位16例,伤后至手术时间5 d~3周;钳夹脊髓型颈椎病(脊髓夹持型颈椎病)19例;严重颈椎后纵韧带骨化症13例。本组均采用全麻下一期前后路联合减压,前路带锁钢板固定,自体植骨或钛网加自体骨移植。本组前路采用O rion带锁钢板17例,AO带锁钢板3例,Zephir带锁钢板28例;前路减压后采用自体骨移植9例,采用钛网加自体骨移植39例。后路采用Axis钛板螺钉固定45例,Vertex系统3例,其中采用侧块螺钉9例,颈椎椎弓根螺钉39例。结果:随访6~36个月,经椎弓根螺钉固定者术后经斜位及CT检查发现有7个椎弓根螺钉位置稍差,其中6枚穿破外侧皮质,1枚穿破内侧皮质,但无神经血管并发症。假关节形成1例,而且1枚螺钉断裂。钳夹型颈椎病19例和后纵韧带骨化症13例,术后疗效按JOA评分标准评定,术后1周及1、3、6个月评分均较术前增加(P<0.05)。结论:严重下颈椎疾病采用一期前后联合手术治疗是可行的,术后稳定性好,患者康复快。     

保留椎体后壁的椎体次全切除扩大减压术

目的介绍自行设计的保留椎体后壁的颈椎前路椎体次全切除扩大减压术。方法2001年3月至2004年3月,应用保留椎体后壁的椎体次全切除扩大减压术治疗各种颈椎伤病89例,男61例,女28例;年龄25～76岁,平均47岁。其中多节段脊髓型颈椎病伴或不伴神经根型颈椎病62例,颈椎椎体骨折伴或不伴颈椎脱位14例,颈椎不稳症伴或不伴椎间盘突出13例。全部病例均有椎体次全切除指征,其中C423例,C555例,C611例。手术方法为椎体开槽、次全切除,但保留椎体后壁骨质约2mm,行椎间隙扩大减压,将植骨块或钛网嵌于减压槽内,使其与椎体的上下终板、椎体残留侧壁及后壁紧密接触。术后3、6、12个月摄X线片评价内固定在位及植骨融合情况,并记录患者神经功能评分。结果手术时间55￣130min,平均100min;出血量30～300ml,平均120ml。随访6个月以上者77例,均未发生钢板松动及植骨脱落、塌陷。术后Frankel评分平均提高1.0级。所有患者病变节段稳定,无假关节形成,植骨融合。3例出现声音嘶哑,2周后自愈。结论保留椎体后壁的椎体次全切除扩大减压术适用于相邻双节段颈椎病、颈椎骨折椎体后壁完整以及连续两个节段局灶型后纵韧带骨化者,具有操作安全、减压彻底及植骨融合可靠等优点。     

Cervical spine stenosis secondary to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a well-documented cause of cervical spine stenosis and myelopathy among Japanese patients. Reports of OPLL in North Americans are rare. Choices of diagnostic method and treatment for this entity remain controversial. The authors report the results of management of 20 patients in the United States with symptomatic OPLL of the cervical spine. These represented 10% to 20% of patients operated on over the last 3 years for myelopathy secondary to structural spinal compression. Most of these OPLL patients were Caucasian (60%), male (male:female 4:1), and middle-aged (median age 47.5 years). Six had previously undergone laminectomy or discectomy. Cervical roentgenograms and standard myelography occasionally suggested the diagnosis. Axial computerized tomography (CT) metrizamide myelography with small interslice intervals proved invaluable for diagnosis and operative planning. Magnetic resonance imaging was not necessary for diagnosis. Retrovertebral calcification extended over one to five bodies (mean 2.75). The mass ranged in size from 5 to 16 mm in anteroposterior diameter and reduced the residual canal diameter to a mean (+/- standard deviation) caliber of 9.42 +/- 2.41 mm (mean narrowing ratio 0.44 +/- 0.12). Anterior cervical decompression by medial corpectomy and discectomy with fusion uniformly reduced preoperative myelopathy. Complications were limited to transient neurological deterioration in two patients, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in one, and halo device pin site infections in two. At a mean postoperative interval of 15 months, improvement was seen in each category of deficit: extremity weakness, hypesthesia, hypertonia, and urinary dysfunction. All fusions produced solid unions. It is concluded that OPLL of the cervical spine is an unexpectedly prevalent cause of myelopathy among patients treated in the United States. Thin-section axial CT metrizamide myelography with small interslice intervals is essential for the investigation of patients who may have OPLL. Anterior decompression and stabilization by medial corpectomy, discectomy, removal of the calcified mass, and fusion is a safe and effective method of treatment.     

Anterior cervical corpectomy

Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion serves as a powerful surgical technique in the treatment of complex cervical spine pathology including multilevel cervical myelopathy, cervical trauma, cervical infection, and neoplastic disease. Determining the optimal approach for treatment involves assessing the need for spinal cord decompression and restoration of structural stability. A number of factors or measurements have been described to assist in determining the best treatment approach for a given pathology. Similar anterior cervical techniques may be utilized whether performing a single or multilevel corpectomy although supplemental posterior instrumentation and fusion should be considered for multilevel corpectomy cases due to increased failure rates with anterior cervical plating alone. Attention to detail and an appropriate degree of vigilance can help surgeons minimize risk, recognize potential complications, and deliver optimal patient care in these often complex and challenging patients.     

Laminectomy for multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Review of surgical indications,technique, and outcomes

The surgical management of multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) continues to garner debate within the spine community with regards to optimal management. Options include anterior and posterior decompression, with several options available to the surgeon in either approach. The objective of this article is to review the indications, surgical technique, and outcomes of laminectomy with fusion and instrumentation in the management of multi-level CSM.     

Alterations in axial curvature of the cervical spine with a combination of rotation and extension in the conventional anterior cervical approach

Purpose

Alterations of three-dimensional cervical curvature in conventional anterior cervical approach position are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alignment changes of the cervical spine in the position. In addition, simulated corpectomy was evaluated with regard to sufficiency of decompression and perforation of the vertebral artery canal.

Methods

Fifty patients with cervical spinal disorders participated. Cervical CT scanning was performed in the neutral and supine position (N-position) and in extension and right rotation simulating the conventional anterior approach position (ER-position). Rotation at each vertebral level was measured. With simulation of anterior corpectomy in a vertical direction with a width of 17 mm, decompression width at the posterior wall of the vertebrae and the distance from each foramen of the vertebral artery (VA) were measured.

Results

In the ER-position, the cervical spine was rotated rightward by 37.2° ± 6.2° between the occipital bone and C7. While the cervical spine was mainly rotated at C1/2, the subaxial vertebrae were also rotated by several degrees. Due to the subaxial rotation, the simulated corpectomy resulted in smaller decompression width on the left side and came closer to the VA canal on the right side.

Conclusions

In the ER-position, the degrees of right rotation of subaxial vertebrae were small but significant. Therefore, preoperative understanding of this alteration of cervical alignment is essential for performing safe and sufficient anterior corpectomy of the cervical spine.     

前路根治性减压治疗严重颈椎后纵韧带骨化症

目的 报告前路后纵韧带根治性切除治疗椎管占位率＞50%的严重颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)的手术疗效.方法 2002年7月至2006年2月,采用前路切除骨化韧带减压术治疗椎管占位率＞50%的严重OPLL患者26例.男性18例,女性8例;年龄43～73岁,平均59岁;骨化物形态均为基底开放型.术前骨化率50%～85%,平均(65±20)%;脊髓矢状径相对值(25±7)%;JOA评分(8.7±2.8)分.采用前路减压直接切除骨化物,行钛网或自体髂骨植骨,带锁钢板固定.26例患者中,行一个椎体次全切除+单节段椎间隙减压10例,2个椎体次全切除术3例,单节段椎体次全切除13例.所有患者均行脑诱发电位(ECP)监护,CT横断面测量骨化率,MRI T2 加权测量脊髓矢状径相对值;记录患者并发症、JOA评分,计算改善率.结果 26例患者均顺利实施前路手术,随访6个月至4年(平均2年8个月).术后骨化率平均(10±5)%,脊髓矢状径相对值(75±15)%,JOA评分(14.2±2.5)分,改善率(61±24)%.3例合并糖尿病患者出现短暂神经症状恶化,其中1例行二次血肿清除术,患者神经症状均在8周内恢复;2例出现脑脊液漏(包括1例合并糖尿病者),经保守治疗2周后痊愈;无内固定失败.结论 前路手术直接减压治疗严重OPLL,神经功能恢复更彻底,但对技术要求较高.     

Anterior corpectomy versus posterior laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Surgical strategy for multilevel cervical myelopathy resulting from cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) still remains controversial. There are still questions about the relative benefit and safety of direct decompression by anterior corpectomy (CORP) versus indirect decompression by posterior laminoplasty (LAMP).

Objective

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the results of anterior CORP compared with posterior LAMP for patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy.

Methods

Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing anterior CORP with posterior LAMP for the treatment of multilevel cervical myelopathy due to CSM or OPLL from 1990 to December 2012. An extensive search of literature was performed in Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. The quality of the studies was assessed according to GRADE. The following outcome measures were extracted: pre- and postoperative Japanese orthopedic association (JOA) score, neurological recovery rate (RR), surgical complications, reoperation rate, operation time and blood loss. Two reviewers independently assessed each study for quality and extracted data. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the mean number of surgical segments.

Results

A total of 12 studies were included in this review, all of which were prospective or retrospective cohort studies with relatively low quality. The results indicated that the mean JOA score system for cervical myelopathy and the neurological RR in the CORP group were superior to those in the LAMP group when the mean surgical segments were <3, but were similar between the two groups in the case of the mean surgical segments equal to 3 or more. There was no statistical difference in the surgical complication rate between the two groups when the mean surgical segments <3, but were significantly higher incidences of surgical complications and complication-related reoperation in the CORP group compared with the LAMP group in the case of the mean surgical segments equal to 3 or more. Besides, the operation time in the CORP group was longer than that in the LAMP group, and the average blood loss was significantly more in the CORP group compared with the LAMP group.

Conclusion

Based on the results above, anterior CORP and fusion is recommended for the treatment of multilevel cervical myelopathy when the involved surgical segments were <3. Given the higher rates of surgical complications and complication-related reoperation and the higher surgical trauma associated with multilevel CORP, however, it is suggested that posterior LAMP may be the preferred method of treatment for multilevel cervical myelopathy when the involved surgical segments were equal to 3 or more. In addition, taking the limitations of this study into consideration, it was still not appropriate to draw a strong conclusion claiming superiority for CORP or LAMP. A well-designed, prospective, randomized controlled trial is necessary to provide objective data on the clinical results of both procedures.