The value of multiplex PCR method based on capillary electrophoresis in detecting common serotypes of respiratory adenovirus infection in children北大核心CSCD

Objective To establish a common method for detecting serotypes of respiratory adenovirus, and to detect the main serotypes of respiratory human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in children in Wenzhou area. Methods A multiplex PCR method based on capillary electrophoresis was developed to detect 12 common serotypes of respiratory adenovirus.A total of 1 059 children with acute respiratory infection who were admitted to Yuying Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2019 with positive infection of HAdV detected by the direct immunofluorescence method were recruited and retrospectively analyzed.Multiplex PCR was performed to determine 12 serotypes of respiratory adenovirus, including HAdV-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21, 37, 40, 41 and 55.Meanwhile, some samples were randomly selected to examine the consistency in the detection result by the first-generation sequencing method. Results A total of 1 059 specimens of respiratory secretions with positive HAdV antigen were collected.Detected by multiplex PCR method, 947 cases (89.4%) were positive for 1 serotype, 13 cases (1.2%) were mixed infection with 2 serotypes, and 24 cases (2.3%) were negative.In addition, 75 cases(7.1%) were positive but could not be serotyped.Among the 947 children with the positive infection of a single serotype, 415 cases (43.8%) were HAdV-3 in subgroup B, 318 cases(33.6%) were HAdV-7, 12 cases (1.2%) were HAdV-55, 2 cases (0.2%) were HAdV-21, 108 cases (11.4%) were HAdV-2 in subgroup C, 70 cases (7.4%) were HAdV-1, 16 cases(1.7%) were HAdV-5, and 6 cases(0.6%) were HAdV-4 in subgroup E. HAdV-14, HAdV-37, HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 were not detected.A total of 51 positive samples of HAdV infection detected by multiplex PCR were randomly selected to compare with the detection result by the first-generation sequencing, which were all consistent. Conclusions This study successfully established a multiplex PCR based on capillary electrophoresis in diagnosing common serotypes of respiratory adenovirus infection in children.HAdV-3, HAdV-7 of subgroup B and HAdV-2 and HAdV-1 of subgroup C were the main serotypes of respiratory adenovirus infection in children of Wenzhou area.HAdV-14, HAdV-37, HAdV-40 and HAdV- 41 were not detected. © 2022 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Clinical application of dense fine spot anti-nuclear antibody in children with autoimmune diseases北大核心CSCD

Objective To analyze the differences of the clinical characteristics and laboratory indexes in children with positive dense fine spot (DFS) type anti-nuclear antibody, and thereby to explore the value of positive DFS in the diagnosis of immunological diseases. Methods Among 9 613 cases who were routinely tested for antinuclear antibody (ANA) from August 2017 to February 2020, there were 197 cases with DFS positive, who were subjected to a retrospective analysis.These patients were divided into the autoimmune diseases (AID) group (39 cases) and the non-AID group (158 cases) according to clinical diagnosis.Healthy children in the same physical examination were used as healthy control group (40 cases). T test was applied to analyze the differences of humoral immunity markers between AID and non-AID groups.What′s more, DFS positive patients in different clinical departments, initial symptom and the part of body were further compared. Results Among 9 613 children tested for autoantibodies, 2 654 (27.61%) were ANA positive, with the highest detection rate of the spotted type and 197 DFS positive cases, accoun-ting for 7.42% of ANA positive children; 97 DFS positive male patients accounted for 8.20% (97/1 183 case) of ANA positive male patients, 100 DFS positive female patients accounted for 6.80% (100/1 471 cases) of ANA positive female patients, and there was no significant difference in the positive rate.The departments with high positive ANA detection included the nephrology department (27.88%) and the rheumatology department (24.83%). The departments with a higher ANA positive rate in DFS positive children included the gastroenterology department (13.25%) and the infectious department (11.76%). Among the children with DFS antibody positive, 39 cases had AID, among which 38 cases had organ-specific AID, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) had the highest detection rate in 13 cases.The diseases with a high DFS positive rate in 158 non-AID cases included allergic purpura (46 cases). Serum immunoglobulin (IgG) level in the AID group was significantly lower than this in the non-AID group, serum IgM and C4 levels in AID children were significantly lower than those in the non-AID group and healthy control group, and the serum IgA level of DFS positive group was significantly higher than that of children in the healthy control group.All children with DFS antibody positive had no specific autoantibodies. Conclusions DFS antibody positive is important for the diagnosis of systemic AID in children.The combined detection with the DFS, other autoimmunity antibody index, humoral immune function index contributes to the early differential diagnosis of autoimmune diseases in children. © 2021 Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics. All rights reserved.     

A case-control study on mixed infection in infants with pertussis北大核心CSCD

Objective To examine whether the mixed infection rate in pertussis infants is significantly higher than that in non-pertussis infants with respiratory tract infection, to explore the mixed infection pathogen distribution in pertussis infants, and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 118 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from infants who applied for clinical pertussis etiological testing (culture and specific nucleic acid detection of Bordetella pertussis) in Beijing Children′s Hospital, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital and Wuhu No.1 People′s Hospital from August 2018 to January 2021.According to the pertussis etiological testing results, the patients were divided into the pertussis group (65 cases) and non-pertussis group (53 cases). Thirty-three pairs of cases were matched according to age, onset season and city.All nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for infections of other pathogens using FilmArray RP2, which can detect 21 respiratory infection pathogens.The mixed infection rate was compared between groups by Chi-square test. Results According to the FilmArray RP2 test results, 56.9%(37/65) cases in pertussis group and 15.1%(8/53) cases in the non-pertussis group were positive for multiple pathogens, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=21.651, P<0.001). The top 5 mixed infection pathogens in pertussis infants were human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV) (38.5%, 25/65), parainfluenza virus (PIV) (18.5%, 12/65), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (10.8%, 7/65), coronavirus (Cov) (10.8%, 7/65), and adenovirus (ADV) (7.7%, 5/65). The mixed infection rates of the pertussis group in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 46.2% (6/13), 58.3%(14/24), 55.6%(5/9), and 63.2%(12/19), respectively.Comparison of matched and unmatched cases achieved similar results. Conclusions Among clinical suspected pertussis infant specimens, the mixed infection rate in confirmed cases is tremendously higher than that in non-pertussis infants.The main mixed infection pathogens in pertussis infants are HRV/EV, PIV, RSV, Cov, and ADV.Mixed infection in pertussis children commonly occurs in four seasons, with the highest incidence in winter. © 2023 Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization. All rights reserved.     

Investigation on serum pertussis toxin antibody levels in children aged 0-14 in Hangzhou北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate the serum antibody level in children with pertussis in Hangzhou city, and to evaluate the incidence of pertussis in children and the immunization effect of vaccine. Methods A retrospective study was conducted.The pertussis toxin IgG antibody levels in 1 486 children aged 0-14 who received physical exa-mination in Hangzhou Children′s Hospital from January to December 2018 of were collected and analyzed.Serum antibody level ≥30 IU/mL was considered seropositive.The children enrolled were divided into the 0-3-year-old, 4-6-year-old, 7-9-year-old and 10-14-year-old groups; then the children under 3 years old were subdivided into groups of 0-<3 months, 3-<6 months, 6-<9 months, 9-<12 months, 12-<18 months, and 18-≤ 36 months; finally, the children were grouped according to their vaccination times, the pertussis toxin IgG antibody level and the infection rate of pertussis were compared among different groups by Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests. Results The overall positive rate of the pertussis toxin IgG antibody was 23.62% (351/1 486), and the median antibody concentration was 6.60 IU/mL.Among children aged 0-14, the 0-3-year-old children had the highest positive rate of the pertussis toxin IgG antibody and the highest median antibody concentration, which were 24.58% (29/118) and 6.95 IU/mL, respectively.There was no significant difference in the antibody positive rate and the median antibody concentration among different age groups (all P>0.05). Among different subgroups of children aged 0-3, the pertussis toxin IgG antibody positive rate and the median antibody concentration were statistically significant (all P<0.05). It was predicted that the pertussis infection rate in children over 3 years old in Hangzhou was about 45.99%.The patients receiving more than 3 doses of vaccination accounted for 87.48% (1 300/1 486), and their antibody positive rate was 25.46% (331/1 300). After excluding unvaccinated children, the comparison results suggested that there was statistical significance in the antibody positive rate and median antibody concentration among different vaccination groups (χ2=24.467, 67.438, all P<0.001). Conclusions The serum pertussis toxin IgG antibody positive rate in children aged 0-14 in Hangzhou is low, but their predicted pertussis infection rate is higher.Children aged 0-14 are easy to become a main source of infection.Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to and strengthen the vaccination plan and research, enhance the monitoring of the infection source, and prevent the " recurrence of pertussis" . © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Predictive value of Apelin-13 on coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of Apelin-13 and coronary artery lesion (CAL) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), and assess the predictive value of Apelin-13 for CAL in acute phase of KD. Methods A total of 240 children with KD treated in Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital from September 2017 to October 2019 were recruited, and were divided into KD with CAL (KD CAL) group and KD without CAL (KD-NCAL) group.Thirty children with acute upper respiratory infection and 30 healthy children were recruited into the febrile control group and the healthy control group, respectively.Blood routine and serum levels of albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and Apelin-13 were mea-sured in KD children prior to intravenous gamma globulin injection and after the diagnosis of children in the febrile control group and physical examination of children in the healthy control group.The clinical data of children in each group were compared, and the risk factors of KD complicated with CAL and the predictive value of Apelin-13 were determined by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multiple Logistic regression analysis. Results Apelin-13 and hemoglobin in children with KD were significantly decreased compared with those in the healthy control group and fever control group (all P<0.001). However, white blood cell(WBC) count, platelet count, CRP and NT-proBNP in KD group were significantly increased compared with those in the healthy control group and fever control group (all P<0.001). Serum albumin in KD children was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (P=0.004), and there was no difference when compared with the fever control group (P=0.485). Apelin-13 and hemoglobin were significantly decreased in KD-CAL group compared with KD-NCAL group (t=10.102, P<0.001; t=2.034, P=0.043), while NT-proBNP and CRP were significantly increased (t=5.982, 3.728, all P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Apelin-13 and NT-proBNP were independent predictors of CAL in KD.The ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off value of Apelin-13 for predicting CAL was 2.99 μg/L, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.869 (95%CI: 0.820-0.909), sensitivity of 77.78% and specificity of 88.67%.While NT-proBNP cutoff value of 822 ng/L yielded sensitivity of 57.78% and specificity of 84.62% for predicting CAL with an AUC of 0.718(95%CI: 0.656-0.774). Conclusions Apelin-13 plays a protective role in KD complicated with CAL, and could be used to predict CAL in the acute phase of KD. © 2022 Chin J Pathol, June. All rights reserved.     

Risk factors for Clostridioides difficile infection in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Risk factors and consequences associated with Clostridioides difficile infection(CDI)in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)are still uncertain.We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess risk factors and outcomes associated with CDI in children and adolescents with IBD.Methods PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to 24th February,2021.Studies investigating risk factors,bowel surgery rate in pediatric IBD patients with and without CDI were included.Random-effects model was used for calculating summary estimates.Newcastle–Ottawa scale(NOS)was used for quality assessment.Results Fourteen studies,comprising 17,114 patients,were included.There was a significant association between 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA)use and CDI[odds ratio(OR)=1.95,95%confidence interval(CI)1.26–3.03],with minimal heterogeneity(I²=0.00%).Increased risk of active disease(OR=4.66,95%CI 2.16–10.07)were associated with CDI in those studies performed in high quality score(NOS>6)and significantly higher CDI rates in studies conducted outside USA(OR=2.94,95%CI 1.57–5.58).The bowel surgery rate in IBD with CDI was 3.8–57.1%,compared to that in IBD without CDI(0–21.3%).All studies were of moderate to high quality.Conclusions 5-ASA use and active disease might be risk factors associated with CDI in children and adolescents with IBD.Bowel surgery rates associated with CDI in IBD patients varied greatly.Large-scale clinical studies on CDI in children and adolescents with IBD are still needed to verify risk factors and outcomes.     

纤维支气管镜在PICU中的应用

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of clinical application of bronchofibroscope (BFS) in PICU. Methods Seventy-nine critically ill children in our PICU were operated with BFS in 89 cases and the etiology of these children was analyzed. The blood-gas analysis and oxygenation index both before and after the treatment had been compared, and syndrome was observed as well. For 40 cases in which critically ill children received bronchoalveolar lavage in addition to mechanical ventilation, and the index of respiratory mechanics was analyzed. Analysis and summary had been performed on the culture results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 74 cases. Results The primary disease in these cases was mainly respiratory diseases (64/79). There was no major change in oxygenation index and blood pH ( P ＞0. 05 ) before and after operation with BFS. No severe syndrome,such as sudden cardiac arrest and pneumothorax, was recorded. However,transient decrease in SpO2 was most frequently observed in minor syndromes (15/79). The children treated with mechanical ventilation were recorded with significant decrease in air way resistance ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) after bronchoalveolar lavage. However,dynamic compliance and work of breathing only changed slightly (P ＞0. 05 ). The culture positive rate of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 29. 1% (23/79) ,mainly gram-negative bacteria, which coincided with disease spectrum of PICU. Conclusion The application of BFS in PICU can improve salve and tracheobronchial management for critically ill children. The diagnosis and treatment is safe and reliable by strictly grasping the examination indication by BFS under the custody of PICU.     

机械通气新生儿下呼吸道感染病原菌分析

Objective To investigate the characteristics of low respiratory Watt pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance in neonate with mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit.Methods An retrospective clinical data of analysis of low respiratory tract secretion culture and drug-sensitivity test was done to 107 newborns with mechanical ventilation ＞48 hours.Results The incidence rate of low respiratory tract infection in neonates with mechanical ventilation was 76.6%(82/107).The rate of Gram-positive bacteria was 13.4%(11/82),that of Gram-negative bacteria was 81.7%(67/82)and that of the fungi was 4.9%(4/82).The most common Gram-negative bacteria was Klebsiella pneumonia which was 59.7%(40/ 67)and with 82.5 % being ESBLs-producing strains(33/40).The resistance of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumonia was higher to cephalosporins and the resistance to antibiotics supplemented with β-lactamaseinhibitors were significantly lower,but sensitive to tienam,ciprofloxacin and amikacin.Conclusion The main pathogens of low respiratory tract infection are Gram-negative bacteria and drug-resistant opportunistic bacteria in neonate with mechanical ventilation.ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumonia is the major pathogen.     

急性脑损伤患儿下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子水平的变化

Objective To explore the changes of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) levels secreted by hypothalamus neuron in children with acute brain injury. Methods Fifty-one intracranial-infection children with brain injury and 11 intracranial-noninfection children with brain injury were chosen from pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital. Severities of their brain damage were evaluated by Glasgow score,and CRF level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results There was no significant difference of Glasgow scores between the intracranial infection group and intracranial-noninfection group ( P = 0. 302 6 ), CSF CRF level of intracranial infection group was significantly lower than that of intracranial-noninfection group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels of intracranial infection group were significantly higher than those of intracranial-noninfection group ( P ＜ 0. 01,P ＜0. 001 ). As comparing to the children with Glasgow score of 6 ～ 7, the levels of CSF CRF and serum TNF-α and IL-6 in children with Glasgow score of 4 ～ 5 were significantly increased ( P ＜ 0. 05, P ＜ 0. 001 ).Conclusion CSF CRF level of the children with acute brain injury is changing, which may be concerned with the secretion of hypothalamus CRF neuron stimulated by TNF-α, IL-6 and hypoxia stress in children with brain injury.     

苏州儿童医院住院儿童呼吸道合胞病毒流行特点及与气候因素相关性研究

目的　探讨苏州市住院儿童呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus, RSV)流行规律与气候因素之间关系。方法　采用直接免疫荧光法对2001~2011年收集的42 664份来自于苏州儿童医院的急性呼吸道感染住院患儿鼻咽分泌物标本进行RSV病毒抗原检测; 收集同时期苏州市月平均气温、月相对湿度、月雨量、月日照总和和月平均风速气象资料。采用相关分析和逐步回归法研究RSV阳性检出率与气候因素的相关性。结果　2001~2011年该院呼吸道感染住院儿童RSV年检出率为11.85%~27.30%。以当年11月至次年4月为1个RSV流行季节, 2001~2010年中9个流行季节的检出率依次为40.75%、22.72%、39.93%、27.37%、42.71%、21.28%、38.57%、19.86%和29.73%, 相邻两季间RSV检出率差异有统计学意义。RSV月检出率与月平均气温、月日照总和、月雨量、月相对湿度和月平均风速均呈负相关(P<0.05); 逐步回归分析示只有月平均气温进入线性模型(相似文献   

儿童副流感病毒感染与气候因素的相关性研究

目的探讨儿童急性呼吸道副流感病毒(HPIV)感染与气候因素的相关性。方法收集2011~2013年上海市嘉定区南翔医院儿科门诊就诊的急性呼吸道感染儿童咽拭子标本2 526例,一步多重PCR法检测HPIV;同时收集2011~2013年南翔地区月平均气温、月平均湿度、月降雨量等有关气象资料,采用Spearman或Pearson检验研究HPIV检出率与气候因素的相关性。结果 3年间HPIV总检出率为5.62%(142/2 526),其中HPIV-1检出率最高(46.5%),其次为HPIV-3(31.0%)、HPIV-2(17.6%)和HPIV-4(4.9%)。HPIV-1和HPIV-2在不同季节间的检出率差异均有统计学意义,均以夏季检出率最高;HPIV阳性率与月平均气温(r=0.598,P0.01)及月降雨量(rs=0.602,P0.01)呈正相关。结论儿童HPIV活性与气候因素相关,气温和降雨量对HPIV的流行活性影响较大。     

2006-2007年苏州地区儿童呼吸道感染流感嗜血杆菌分布及耐药性分析

目的研究苏州地区呼吸道感染患儿流感嗜血杆菌的感染情况及其耐药性。方法对苏州大学附属儿童医院2006年1月至2007年12月间住院的3167例急性呼吸道感染患儿,采用无菌负压吸引法采集新鲜痰液,进行流感嗜血杆菌培养、分离,观察并总结其呼吸道流感嗜血杆菌感染情况及相关因素,采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)进行药敏试验,头孢硝噻酚试验检测β-内酰胺酶。结果3167例呼吸道感染患儿分离到140株流感嗜血杆菌,总分离率4.4%;感染多见于婴幼儿;四季检出率不同(P<0.01),以2月～6月检出率较高;男性感染率高于女性(P<0.01)。31.4%的分离株产β-内酰胺酶,对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、氯霉素、头孢克洛、头孢他啶、四环素、氨苄西林/舒巴坦耐药率分别为29.6%～31.9%、66.2%～73.9%、19.7%～15.9%、2.8%～14.5%、2.8%～0、28.2%～2.9%、4.2%～1.4%。未发现对头孢呋辛、头孢曲松、亚胺培南、阿奇霉素、环丙沙星的耐药株。结论苏州地区呼吸道感染患儿流感嗜血杆菌的感染率与季节有关,以婴幼儿感染为主,有性别差异。流感嗜血杆菌β-内酰胺酶阳性率较高并呈上升趋势,对氨苄西林、复方新诺明及...     

儿童呼吸道感染博卡病毒流行病学特征分析

目的　分析儿童呼吸道感染博卡病毒（human bocavirus, HBoV）流行病学特征, 为临床合理诊治提供参考依据。方法　收集2009年1月至2016年12月在苏州大学附属儿童医院呼吸科住院治疗的16 913例呼吸道感染患儿的痰标本和临床资料,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测HBoV,分析HBoV检出情况。结果　16 913例患儿中,HBoV阳性检出率为5.16%（873/16913例）。男性患儿HBoV阳性检出率为5.42%（573/10566例）,女性患儿为4.73%（300/6347例）,男性患儿HBoV检出率高于女性患儿（χ2＝3.928,P＝0.047）。＜1岁、 ～3岁、～7岁以及≥7岁患儿的HBoV检出率分别为4.03%（325/7963例）、8.75%（401/4584例）、3.99%（134/3357例）、1.29%（13/1009例）, 各年龄组HBoV检出率差异有统计学意义（χ2＝182.075, P＜0.01）。春夏秋冬四季HBoV阳性检出率分别为3.36%（146/4341例）、 6.92%（295/4261例）、 6.88%（287/4172例）、 3.50%（145/4139例）, 夏秋季患儿HBoV阳性检出率明显高于冬春季（χ2＝93.801, P＜0.01）。结论　苏州大学附属儿童医院2009年1月至2016年12月呼吸道感染患儿HBoV检出率为5.16%, 幼儿HBoV检出率高, 男性患儿高于女性。夏秋季为HBoV感染的高发季节。     

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??Objective??To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human bocavirus??HBoV?? infection in children with respiratory tract diseases??and to provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods??Sputum specimens and clinical informations of 16 913 cases of hospitalized children with respiratory tract diseases from January 2009 to December 2016 in Children’s Hospital of Soochow University were collected. HBoV DNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction at real time to analyze the detections. Results??The HBoV detection rate was 5.16%??873/16 913 cases?? in 16 913 children. The HBoV detection rate of boys was 5.42%??573/10 566 cases????which was significantly higher than that of girls??4.73%??300/6 347 cases????χ2??3.928??P??0.047??. The HBoV detection rate of children at the age of less than 1 year old??-3 years old??-7 years old and older than 7 years old were 4.03%??8.75%??3.99% and 1.29%??respectively??the difference of which had statistical significance??χ2??182.075??P??0.01??. The HBoV detection rate in spring, summer??autumn and winter were 3.36%??146/4341 cases????6.92%??295/4261 cases????6.88%??287/4172 cases?? and 3.50%??145/4139 cases????respectively. The HBoV detection rate in summer and autumn was significantly higher than that in spring and winter??χ2??93.801??P??0.01??. Conclusions??The HBoV detection rate in children with respiratory tract diseases is 5.16% in Suzhou area from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2016. The highest HBoV detection rate is high in infant??especially in boys. Epidemical seasons of HBoV infection in Suzhou are summer and autumn.     

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??Abstract Objective??To explore the relation between climatic factor and dermatophagoides farinae positive rate of skin prick tests??SPT?? on Chongming island. Methods??The 290 children patient who were diagnosed with allergic diseases were examined by skin prick tests??SPT?? with dermatophagoides farinae provided by Allergopharm Corporation from January 2005 to December 2008 on Chongming island??at the same time the climatic data were collected every day. The positive rate of dermatophagoides farinae examined by skin prick tests??SPT?? of different months and seasons ??different monthly average air temperature and relative humidity before skin prick tests were analyzed.The data were analyzed by SPSS15.0. Results??The general dermatophagoides farinae positive rate of 290 children with allergic diseases was 81.7%??238/290????and the positive rate of children with asthma and allergic rhinitis was higher than the others??χ2 = 21.51??P = 0.000??. The positive rate of dermatophagoides farinae of different months and seasons were different. The positive rate from July to November??both summer and autumn,was higher than the others??Z = 2.789??P = 0.005 andχ2 = 11.959??P = 0.008??.When the monthly average air temperature exceeded 18?? and the monthly average relative humidity surpassed 70%?? the positive rate of dermatophagoides farinae was higher than the others??χ2 = 6.643??P = 0.036 and χ2 = 5.138??P = 0.023??. All of the differences were significant. Conclusion??The general dermatophagoides farinae positive rate of SPT with allergic diseases is 81.7% on Chongming Island. The positive rate of dermatophagoides farinae of different months and seasons are different. The dermatophagoides farinae positive rate of SPT under different monthly average air temperature and relative humidity are different too. The climatic factor?? such as air temperature and relative humidity?? may impact the results on SPT of dermatophagoides farinae.     

2006—2010年苏州地区住院儿童急性呼吸道腺病毒感染与气候因素的相关性研究

目的探讨苏州地区儿童急性呼吸道腺病毒(ADV)感染与气候因素的相关性。方法连续5年对因呼吸道感染而住院的8 197例儿童进行病毒病原学监测。运用直接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道分泌物中ADV抗原,同时收集2006—2010年苏州地区月平均气温、湿度、雨量、日照时间、风速等有关气象资料。采用Spearman检验和逐步回归法研究ADV活性与气候因素的相关性。结果 2006—2010年间,苏州地区呼吸道感染患儿的ADV检出率为1.28%(105/8 197),年检出率分别为0.97%(16/1 646)、0.95%(16/1 682)、1.45%(21/1 444)、1.91%(36/1 883)、1.04%(16/1 542),年度间差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.46,P=0.046)。ADV感染有明显的季节性,好发于夏季(2.73%),其次为春季(1.66%),冬季最低(0.45%)(χ2=45.47,P<0.001)。ADV检出率与月平均气温、日照时间呈正相关,与风速呈负相关性(r=-0.36～0.39,P均<0.05)。经多元逐步回归分析,仅气温对ADV检出率有影响(P=0.01)。结论 ADV是苏州地区儿童呼吸道感染的病毒病原之一,其活性与气候因素关系密切。     

苏州地区急性呼吸道感染住院患儿病毒病原学分析

目的：了解苏州地区急性呼吸道感染（ARI）住院患儿的病毒病原学情况。方法：采集1 668例7岁以下ARI住院患儿鼻咽分泌物,直接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）,流感病毒A,B型（IV A,B）,副流感病毒1,2,3型（PIV 1,2,3）及腺病毒A(ADA)等7种常见呼吸道病毒,用RT-PCR法检测人类偏肺病毒（hMPV）N基因。结果：① 1 668例患儿中,病毒检测阳性597例（35.8%）。单项病毒感染561例（33.6%）,其中7种常见呼吸道病毒检出率为23.1%,以RSV为主（17.6%）,好发于冬春季,主要见于1岁以下婴幼儿;② hMPV阳性率为10.6%,3~5月份为检出高峰期。③ 36例混合感染中,22例为RSV合并hMPV感染,主要见于1岁以下婴幼儿。结论：RSV是该地区ARI的主要病毒病原,RSV感染好发于冬春季,多见于1岁以下婴幼儿,hMPV是3~5月份ARI患儿的主要病毒病原,混合感染多见于1岁以下婴幼儿。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（7）：529-531］     

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目的分析急性呼吸道感染住院患儿的病原学特点。方法对2005年10月至2009年9月苏州大学附属儿童医院呼吸科8172例急性呼吸道感染住院患儿,采用无菌负压吸引法采集其新鲜痰液,分别用直接免疫荧光法、RT-PCR检测7种常见病毒抗原和人类偏肺病毒基因(6599例),细菌培养检测细菌(6404例),ELISA法检测血清肺炎支原体(7842例),检出的阳性病例入选,分析其病例资料。结果 8172例标本中检出1种或1种以上病原4756例(58.2%),6404例细菌检测标本中阳性1883例(29.4%),6599例病毒检测标本中阳性1886例(28.2%),7842例肺炎支原体检测标本中阳性2630例(33.5%)。细菌病原中肺炎链球菌(10.8%)最多见。病毒中以呼吸道合胞病毒(15.8%)最常见。病原混合感染率为16.9%,以细菌及病毒混合感染为最常见。呼吸道合胞病毒冬季检出率最高,人类偏肺病毒冬春季、副流感病毒3夏季检出率较高,流感病毒A夏季检出率较低,肺炎支原体检出率夏秋季较高,冬春季较低;副流感病毒1,2季节差异不明显。结论肺炎支原体是本地区儿童急性呼吸道感染最常见的病原,病毒次之,细菌是混合感染的常见病原。细菌和病毒感染多见于1岁以下婴儿,而支原体感染多见于3岁以上儿童。各病原的流行季节各异。