股骨髁部复杂性骨折手术治疗回顾性分析

探讨股骨髁部复杂性骨折最佳手术治疗效果。方法：108例股骨髁部骨折，按Semsheverw分型，分别采用松质骨螺钉 克氏针、自制钢板 骨螺栓、AO／ASIFQE角钢板和“L”型钢板、股骨髁支持钢板和动力髁部螺钉(DCS)等内固定治疗，结果；随诊1—3年，平均15个月，疗效综合评定，动力髁部螺钉(DCS)股骨髁支持钢板和“L”型钢板内固定明显优于AO／ASF角钢质自制钢板 骨螺栓及松质骨螺钉 克氏针。结论：牢固可靠的内固定是手术治疗和功能恢复的关键。     

大块髂骨结构性植骨加髁支持钢板固定治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折

目的：探讨大块髂骨结构性植骨加髁支持钢板固定治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折应用价值。方法：选择33例股骨远端粉碎骨折病人,用大块髂骨结构性植骨加髁支持钢板固定治疗。结果：8~24个月随访,骨折全部获得愈合。结论：大块髂骨结构性植骨加髁支持钢板固定治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折有利于骨折愈合及关节功能恢复。     

股骨髁上骨折内固定及其生物力学的研究进展

随着内固定器械的发展和完善,AO角钢板、动力髁螺钉、顺行髓内钉以及逆行髁上髓内钉相继出现,并得到广泛应用,有关几种内固定器械的生物机制研究也逐渐深入。现将近10年股骨髁上骨折内固定方法及生物机制的研究进展综述如下。1 股骨髁上骨折的内固定方法1.1 95°角钢板和DCS内固定 瑞士的AO学组设计的95°角钢板是最初应用于股骨髁上骨折的内固定器械之一。虽然角钢板对大部分髁上骨折提供了牢固固定,但股骨髁部要求三个平面同时准确定位。随后发展起来的DCS在技术上要求较低,ECS在屈伸平面固定不受限制,但DCS插钉时须去除骨量较大,这将使今后可能的翻修手术变得困难。Giles等和Pritcher以及最近的Ketterl等、Chrisovitisions等报道了DCS治疗股骨远端骨折的结果,优良率(50～86)％,不愈合率(0～5.7)％,畸形愈合率(5.3～11)％,约1/3骨折需植骨。Sanders等认为如果骨折线向近端延伸,骨折内侧应取髂骨植骨;对用简单钢板固定而不愈合的骨折,     

拉力螺丝钉配合动力髁螺钉系统治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的总结拉力螺丝钉配合动力髁螺钉系统(DCS)治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床效果。方法26例股骨远端粉碎性骨折采用动力髁螺钉系统及拉力螺丝钉内固定,股骨髁间用2～3枚松质骨螺丝做拉力固定,较小骨折块用拉力螺丝钉固定在较大的骨折块上。骨折按AO/ASIF分类:A3型2例,C1型6例,C2型13例,C3型5例。结果平均随访14个月,25例骨折正常愈合,1例延迟愈合,平均骨折愈合时间为5.6个月;按Kolmenrt评定标准:本组优17例,良6例,一般2例,差1例,优良率88.5%。膝关节活动度55°～120°,平均膝关节活动度98.6°。结论拉力螺丝钉配合动力髁螺钉系统可有效治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折,具有固定牢固、骨折愈合率高、并发症少等优点。     

股骨远端骨折不同内固定方法的疗效分析

目的 对应用不同内固定方法治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效进行对比分析,以指导临床合理地选择手术方式及内固定.方法 自2004年10月～2008年8月,对354例股骨远端骨折分别应用"L""角钢板(LSCP)、AO动力髁螺钉(DCS)、解剖型髁支持钢板(ACSP)、互锁双板(DPF)、逆行交锁髓内钉(GSH)、AO微创内固定系统(LISS)及其他内固定方法治疗,对各自的疗效进行回顾性分析.结果 47例行二期翻修植骨术,除1例随访期死于肺癌外,所有患者获得骨愈合.分析结果显示,不同的内固定方法术后骨折愈合率及膝关节HSS功能评定结果有统计学差异(P<0.05),LISS组的骨愈合率和关节功能评分优良率最高,其次为GSH组,而LSCP组最低.结论 股骨远端骨折手术内固定物选择多样性明显,而LISS接骨板较其他内固定方法具有骨折愈合率高,关节功能恢复满意等优点,值得临床推广应用.     

股骨远端骨折内固定方法的选择

股骨远端骨折大多由高能量暴力造成，伤情严重而复杂，如处理不当，易致严重伤残。有移位的股骨远端骨折常需要开放复位内固定，但至今没有一种手术方法和内固定能适用于各种型骨折。本文对股骨远端骨折行逆行交锁髓内针、动力髁螺钉、股骨髁钢板及松质骨拉力螺钉4种不同内固定方法作一分析，探讨不同类型股骨远端骨折的内固定方式。     

老年股骨髁部骨折的治疗分析

目的探讨治疗老年股骨髁部骨折的内固定器选择及应用要点。方法治疗82例老年股骨髁部骨折,A型26例,B型17例,C型39例。分别采用95°角翼钢板(19例)、T型钢板(5例)、AO股骨髁支持钢板(11例)、动力髁螺钉(dynamiccondylarscrew,DCS)(23例)、股骨髁上带锁髓内钉(greenseligsenhenry,GSH)(24例)进行治疗,共28例采用自体髂骨或同种异体骨植骨。结果经平均14.6个月随访,按Merchan等评分标准评定膝关节功能,总优良率为90.2%。结论老年股骨髁部骨折具有特殊性,针对骨折类型选择内固定器是治疗的重要环节。手术的关键在于保持股骨髁关节面的完整性和牢固固定。     

股骨远端骨折治疗方法的选择及疗效分析

目的探讨股骨远端骨折治疗方法的选择与临床疗效分析。方法采用骨牵引、95°角髁钢板、股骨髁解剖钢板、动力髁部螺钉、逆行髓内钉、松质骨螺钉、外固定架联合松质骨螺钉治疗股骨远端骨折263例。其中男性189例,女性74例;年龄16～83岁,平均45岁。按AO/ASIF分型,A型105例,B型20例,C型138例。结果本组均获随访,随访时间6个月～8年,平均30个月。根据Neer膝关节功能评分标准,优良率77.5%。结论保守治疗效果差,股骨远端骨折首选手术治疗,对于A型骨折,优先选择逆行髓内钉、动力髁部螺钉、95°角髁钢板;对于B型骨折,选择松质骨螺钉;对于C型骨折,股骨髁解剖钢板更能发挥作用;外固定架联合松质骨螺钉更适合治疗C3型严重开放性骨折。     

AO动力髁螺钉在股骨粗隆下骨折中的应用

目的：研究和评估AO动力髁螺钉（dynamic condylar screw,DCS)在股骨粗隆下骨折治疗的价值和作用。方法：对36例股骨粗隆下骨折患者行切开复位、DCS内固定，结果：36例患者随访≥24个月，所有病例骨折均愈合，无一例发生钢板螺钉松动，断裂，骨不连等并发症，结论：DCS操作简单，可提供有效的固定稳定性，适用于股骨粗隆下骨折的治疗。     

股骨远端骨折不同内固定方法的疗效分析

目的 探讨股骨远端骨折不同手术方式的合理选择和应用.方法 对193例股骨远端骨折,分别应用股骨髁支持钢板(CBP组,45例)、动力髁加压螺钉(DCS组,42例)、股骨髁上带锁髓内钉(GSH组,39例)及微创内固定系统(LISS组,67例)治疗,对其疗效和并发症进行回顾性比较分析.结果 193例经平均15.3个月(5～3...     

B、C型桡骨远端骨折的治疗

目的 探讨AO分类B、C型桡骨远端骨折的治疗方法。方法 对93例B、C型桡骨远端骨折采用手法复位石膏固定、闭合性复位经皮克氏针内固定及切开复位钢板螺钉内固定。结果 全部病例均随访2年以上。优良率：手法复位石膏固定组为82．05％，经皮克氏针内固定组为81．82％，切开复位钢板螺钉内固定组为80．95％。结论 手法复位能达到解剖或近似解剖复位并经石膏固定可达到良好固定者应采用非手术治疗；Bl、B3、C1型中的Colles骨折应采用闭合性复位经皮克氏针内固定；B2、Cl、C2型中的Simth骨折应采用切开复位钢板螺钉内固定；C3型骨折因干骺端粉碎应采用松质骨移植恢复桡骨的长度；伴有严重的骨质疏松的患者避免用内固定治疗。     

Die “durchgeschobene” Kondylenplatte

Twelve extensive segmental and comminuted fractures of the femur affecting the metaphyseal areas (7 times proximal, 5 times distal) and the diaphysis were treated with extremely long condylar plates (16 to 20 holes). The condylar plates were inserted via a proximal and a distal incision leaving the Musculus vastus lateralis intact at the fracture site in all cases. Following standard preparation of the blade position using the seating chisel, the condylar plate was inserted behind the musculus vastus lateralis with the blade pointing towards the surgeon. The condyles or the trochanteric area were tilted slightly and the plate was turned 180° and driven home. No screws were inserted in the area of the fracture, in particular, lag screws were not used. Ten out of 12 fractures healed without problems, in 2 cases bone grafting was necessary. Three main observations resulted from analysis of the operations and subsequent clinical and radiographical assessments. In the presence of relatively intact soft tissue covering, an astonishingly good reduction of the fragments was achieved after restoration of leg length and extension. In the healing process, callus formed rapidly and provided medial support. The bone structure was found to be more homogenous than in the case for plate fixation involving several screws at the fracture site around which considerable fluctuations in bone density frequently occur. The application of condylar plates behind the musculus vastus lateralis by only proximal and distal incision for osteosyntheses of extensive multifragmental fractures is a further development of bridge-plating and can be recommended for long fractures.     

AO动力髁螺钉治疗股骨转子下长节段粉碎性骨折

目的 探讨AO动力髁螺钉(DCS)治疗股骨转子下长节段粉碎性骨折的效果。方法 对21例股骨转子下长节段粉碎性骨折患者采用间接复位、DCS内固定。结果 随访10～36个月，平均23个月，所有病例均骨性愈合，平均愈合时间4个月。无一例发生钢板螺钉松动、断裂、骨不连等并发症。功能评定：优17例，良4例。结论 DCS特别适用于治疗转子下粉碎性骨折，符合髋部生物力学要求，能达到良好的骨折复位、坚强的固定，可早期活动关节及功能锻炼，骨折愈合率高。     

The dynamic condylar screw in the management of subtrochanteric fractures: does judicious use of biological fixation enhance overall results?

Subtrochanteric fractures are fraught with certain anatomic, biologic and biomechanical challenges. Evolution of implants like the Gamma nail, fixed-angle nail plates, compression hip screws and dynamic hip screws with trochanteric stabilization plates underlines a persistent quest for a better implant. We studied the dynamic condylar screw DCS as an implant on a series of 30 consecutive patients with subtrochanteric fractures. Our purpose was to assess this implant as a panacea for subtrochanteric fractures. All cases of AO type A and B were anatomically fixed, whereas type C was biologically plated. The idea was to assess the applicability and adaptability of the DCS. Fractures in 29 cases united, with one patient suffering from an implant failure. There were 17 excellent, 5 good, 5 fair and 3 poor results. The DCS is a definite advance over previous methods of treatment; when combined with the utilization of biological fixation techniques for comminuted fractures, can be relied upon to treat all types of subtrochanteric fractures.     

The dynamic condylar screw in the management of subtrochanteric fractures: does judicious use of biological fixation enhance overall results?

Subtrochanteric fractures are fraught with certain anatomic, biologic and biomechanical challenges. Evolution of implants like the Gamma nail, fixed-angle nail plates, compression hip screws and dynamic hip screws with trochanteric stabilization plates underlines a persistent quest for a better implant. We studied the dynamic condylar screw DCS as an implant on a series of 30 consecutive patients with subtrochanteric fractures. Our purpose was to assess this implant as a panacea for subtrochanteric fractures. All cases of AO type A and B were anatomically fixed, whereas type C was biologically plated. The idea was to assess the applicability and adaptability of the DCS. Fractures in 29 cases united, with one patient suffering from an implant failure. There were 17 excellent, 5 good, 5 fair and 3 poor results. The DCS is a definite advance over previous methods of treatment; when combined with the utilization of biological fixation techniques for comminuted fractures, can be relied upon to treat all types of subtrochanteric fractures. The DCS is a satisfactory implant in technologically less advanced settings and can be used as the treatment modality of choice in subtrochanteric fractures in such settings.     

股骨远端骨折的外科治疗

目的:探讨股骨远端骨折手术治疗的方法和临床疗效。方法选择股骨远端骨折手术治疗37例,根据AO/A S IF分型,A型8例,B型9例,C型20例,分别采用股骨髁支持钢板、L-梯形钢板、逆行带锁髓内钉、拉力螺钉进行固定,术后随访6个月~8年。结果6例骨折不愈合、3例出现化脓性骨和膝关节感染、3例出现钢板断裂。根据K olm enrt股骨远端功能评定标准,优17例,良14例,一般2例,差4例,优良率83.7%。结论手术治疗股骨远端骨折能最大限度获得骨折复位和膝关节功能的恢复,临床疗效满意,是治疗股骨远端骨折较理想的方法。     

Graft-supplemented, augmented external fixation in the treatment of intra-articular distal radial fractures

This article compares the functional and radiographic outcomes of intraarticular distal radial fractures treated with augmented external fixation in which autologous cancellous bone grafting or Norian SRS (Norian Corp, Cupertino, Calif) was used for filling the metaphyseal void. Thirty non-randomized patients, 15 in each group, with AO type C distal radius fractures (20 men and 10 women; average age: 48 years) were operatively treated between 1998-2000 and retrospectively evaluated. Radial inclination, radial length, volar tilt, and Modified Mayo Wrist Score were assessed at the most recent follow-up evaluation (average: 33.3 months). Overall, 12 (80%) patients in the Norian group had an excellent or good result, 2 had fair, and 1 had poor. In the autologous iliac bone graft group, the results were excellent or good in 11 (73.3%) patients, fair in 1, and poor in 2. No statistical difference between the two types of grafting was noted. Norian SRS is equally effective to cancellous bone as supplementary graft in comminuted distal radial fractures treated by external and Kirschner-wire fixation.     

Ipsilateral hip and distal femoral fractures

We tried to find the trauma mechanism and treatment rationale of ipsilateral concomitant hip and distal femoral fractures involving the articular surface. Between 1988 and 1995, 15 cases of ipsilateral hip (confined to neck or trochanteric areas of the femur) and distal (confined to supra- and intercondylar area of the femur) femoral articular fractures were collected. The hip fractures consisted of 10 trochanteric fractures and five neck fractures, which were managed with reduction and fixation in 14 (Knowles' pin in eight, DHS in four and standard Gamma nail in two), and primary bipolar hemiarthroplastry in one. The distal femoral articular fractures were open in 11; these were managed with radical debridement, implantation of Septopal chains and immediate internal fixation, followed by prophylactic autogenous bone grafting 6 weeks later in the recent six cases (five Judet plates, four dynamic condylar screws and two condylar plates). The other four closed distal femoral fractures were managed with early reduction and internal fixation (two Judet plate, one dynamic condylar screw and one condylar plate). The union time was 20.3 (12-48) weeks for proximal fractures and 23.7 (12-36) weeks for distal fractures. Early infection developed in three cases. Nonunion of a femoral neck fracture developed in one case. The other complications were implant failure in one, coxa vara in one, refracture in one, delayed union in one and knee stiffness in one.     

Surgical treatment of comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus with double tension band osteosynthesis

Intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus are usually treated with cancellous screws for the condylar metaphysis itself and two Y-shaped plates for fixation of the metaphysis to the shaft. Twenty-four patients with comminuted intra-articular fractures (class C on AO/ASIF classification) were treated with crossed K-wires for the condylar metaphysis and double tension band osteosynthesis for fixation of the metaphysis block to the shaft. Excellent or good results were achieved in 83% of patients. This technique is easier to perform and more cost effective than most other fixation methods. Additionally, it offers good stability and allows for earlier functioning of the elbow. Complication rates are comparable to other methods of internal fixation.     

锁定钢板内固定联合植骨治疗股骨骨不连或伴骨缺损

目的 探讨锁定钢板内固定联合植骨治疗股骨骨不连或伴骨缺损的疗效。方法 2005年6月至2010年6月应用锁定钢板治疗80例股骨骨折术后骨不连或伴骨缺损的患者,男60例,女20例;年龄8～68岁,平均38.2岁。骨不连部位：股骨近端16例,股骨远端40例,股骨干24例。骨不连原因：内固定失效60例,外固定失败5例,感染15例。骨不连病理分型：非感染性骨不连65例,其中肥大型15例,营养不良型10例,萎缩型40例（其中20例伴有骨缺损）;感染性骨不连15例。骨不连病程6～150个月,平均16.5个月。58例患者使用微创内固定系统钢板固定,22例患者使用锁定加压钢板固定。所有患者均进行植骨,其中自体髂骨移植35例,局部滑行加骨痂植骨10例,自体植骨结合同种异体松质骨移植8例,同种异体松质骨结合人工骨移植7例,吻合血管游离腓骨移植20例。结果 所有患者术后获6 ～ 36个月（平均13.8个月）随访。骨不连均在4～8个月（平均5.3个月）牢固愈合。无切口感染、内置物断裂及松动等并发症发生。16例股骨近端骨不连患者采用Sanders 创伤后髋关节评分标准评定疗效：优10例,良5例,差1例,优良率为93.8％。40例股骨远端骨不连患者采用美国膝关节协会评分系统( KSS)评定疗效：优25例,良12例,差3例,优良率为92.5％。24例股骨干骨不连患者采用Sanders创伤后髋关节评分标准和KSS评定疗效：优21例,良2例,差1例,优良率为95.8％。结论 锁定钢板内固定辅以植骨能明显促进骨愈合,是治疗股骨骨不连或伴骨缺损的有效方法之。