HPLC法测定氨咖敏片中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的建立用HPLC法测定氨咖敏片中马来酸氯苯那敏含量的方法。方法用KromasilODS-C18色谱柱(250×4.6mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.3%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液-磷酸(60:40:0.02)(用三乙胺调PH值至3.3)为流动相,流速为1.0m·lmin-1,检测波长为215nm。结果马来酸氯苯那敏在10.03～30.09μg·ml-1范围内呈线性关系,r=0.9997,平均回收率为99.86%,RSD=0.3%(n=5)。结论本法适用于氨咖敏片中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏含量及均匀度

目的 建立小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏含量及均匀度的检测方法。方法 采用高效液相色谱法对小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中的马来酸氯苯那敏含量及均匀度进行测定。以shimpack VP-ODS(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱为固定相;甲醇-0.01 mol·L-1辛烷磺酸钠溶液(三乙胺调节pH值至3.0,63∶37)为流动相;流速为1 mL·min-1;检测波长为261 nm;进样量为10 μL。结果 马来酸氯苯那敏在7.928~31.712 mg·L-1的范围与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0.999 92。样品中马来酸氯苯那敏的平均回收率为99.8%(n=9,RSD=0.83%)。用该文建立的方法对5个批次小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中的马来酸氯苯那敏含量及均匀度进行了测定,其含量均为标示量的90.0%～110.0%,均匀度符合规定。结论 该方法准确可靠,可作为小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏含量及均匀度的测定方法。     

HPLC法测定小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏含量及均匀度

目的 建立小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏含量及均匀度的检测方法。方法 采用HPLC法对小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中的马来酸氯苯那敏含量及均匀度进行测定。以shimpack VP-ODS(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱为固定相;甲醇-0.01mol.L-1辛烷磺酸钠溶液(三乙胺调节pH值至3.0,63∶37)为流动相;流速为1mL.min-1;检测波长为261nm;进样量为10μL。结果　马来酸氯苯那敏在7.928~31.712μg/ml的范围与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0.99992。样品中马来酸氯苯那敏的平均回收率为99.8%( n=9,RSD=0.83%)。用本文建立的方法对5个批次小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中的马来酸氯苯那敏含量及均匀度进行了测定,其含量均为标示量的90.0%～110.0%,均匀度符合规定。结论 本方法准确可靠,可作为小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏含量及均匀度的测定方法。     

HPLC法测定小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中二组分的含量及马来酸氯苯那敏含量均匀度考察

目的:应用HPLC测定小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚与马来酸氯苯那敏的含量,并对马来酸氯苯那敏的含量均匀度进行考察。方法:采用ODS柱(大连依利特250mm×4.5mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.5mol·ml-1磷酸二氢钠-三乙胺(150∶850∶0.25),用磷酸调节pH为2.3为流动相,检测波长215nm。结果:平均回收率(n=3)对乙酰氨基酚为99.5%(RSD=0.3%),马来酸氯苯那敏96.8%(RSD=0.4%)。结论:该方法快速准确,能更好地控制产品质量。     

氨金黄敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚和马来酸氯苯那敏含量测定及含量均匀度方法研究

目的：建立HPLC法同时测定氨金黄敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量及马来酸氯苯那敏含量均匀度。 方法：色谱柱为Grace Alltima C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);以三乙胺溶液(取三乙胺1mL,加水1000mL,用磷酸调节pH值至2.6)-乙腈(82:18)为流动相;检测波长为222nm(马来酸氯苯那敏)、245nm(对乙酰氨基酚);进样量为10μL。结果：对乙酰氨基酚在6～125μg.mL-1、马来酸氯苯那敏在4～103μg.mL-1范围内与峰面积均呈良好线性关系,分别为r =1.0000(n=5)、r = 0.9999(n=5);对乙酰氨基酚的平均回收率为99.6%,RSD%为2.17%(n=9);马来酸氯苯那敏的平均回收率为102.6%,RSD%为1.52%(n=9)。收集的5家生产企业10批样品,测得对乙酰氨基酚标示含量99.4%～103.5%,马来酸氯苯那敏标示含量84.8%～99.7%,马来酸氯苯那敏含量均匀度A+2.2S为6.0～26.0,其中3批A+S大于15.0。结论：本法能同时测定氨金黄敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚、马来酸氯苯那敏的含量,以及马来酸氯苯那敏含量均匀度,专属准确,为氨金黄敏颗粒质量标准的完善和提高提供依据。     

HPLC法测定小儿速效感冒冲剂

目的 :应用高效液相色谱法测定小儿速效感冒冲剂中对乙酰氨基酚 ,咖啡因。马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。方法 :采用 CN柱(大连依利特 2 5 0 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm) ,以甲醇 -水 (3∶ 97)为流动相 ,检测波长 2 37nm(对乙酰氨基酚 ,咖啡因 )。以庚烷磺酸钠溶液 -甲醇 -乙腈 (2 5∶ 30∶ 18)为流动相 ,检测波长 2 6 2 nm(马来酸氯苯那敏 )。结果 :平均回收率 (n=6 )对乙酰氨基酚 10 1.2 % ,RSD=1.19% ;咖啡因 98.7% ,RSD=0 .6 4% ;马来酸氯苯那敏 10 0 .9% ,RDS=0 .6 7%。结论 :该方法简单 ,快速 ,重现性好     

HPLC法测定咳特灵颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的建直咳特灵颗粒的含量测定标准以控制产品质量。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定制剂中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量，高效液相色谱条件：Hypersil柱（4．6mm×250mm，5μl）、流动相为乙腈-0．3％十二烷基硫酸钠溶液-磷酸（65：35：0．02）：检测波长为262nm。结果高效液相法测定马来酸氯苯那敏，重复性好，精度高。结论该方法可用于咳特灵颗粒中的马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。     

HPLC法同时测定小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的：建立HPLC法同时测定小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚和马来酸氯苯那敏的的含量。方法：U-Bondpak C18钢柱（150mm×4.6mm）色谱柱;流动相：甲醇-（0.1mol/L）磷酸二氢钠（30∶70）;流速：1.0ml/min;检测波长215nm;进样量20μl;柱温：室温。结果：平均回收率（n=5）对乙酰氨基酚100.51%,RSD为0.42%;马来酸氯苯那敏99.72%,RSD为0.71%。结论：该方法简单,快速,重现性好。     

高效液相色谱法测定康乐鼻炎片中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定康乐鼻炎片中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量. 方法 色谱条件：Kromasil C18柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）; 流动相：乙腈-0.5%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液-磷酸（60：40：0.1）; 检测波长：210 nm. 结果 马来酸氯苯那敏进样量在0.192 4～0.448 8 μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r＝0.999 9）,加样回收率为98.40%,RSD为1.1%. 结论 该法操作方便、分离良好、 结果 满意.     

HPLC法测定苍鹅鼻炎胶囊中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定苍鹅鼻炎胶囊中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量的方法。方法采用DiamonsilC18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)柱:乙腈-0.2%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液-磷酸(50∶50∶0.1)为流动相;流速:1.0ml/min;检测波长为225nm。结果马来酸氯苯那敏线性范围为0.1238～0.2890μg(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.3%,RSD=0.4%(n=6)。结论该方法简便,准确,可控制苍鹅鼻炎胶囊中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.