中国11城市老年科门诊良性前列腺增生现状调查

目的 了解中国老年科门诊伴有下尿路症状的良性前列腺增生(LUTS/BPH)患者的诊断及治疗现状,以及患者对于这一疾病的认知及需求. 方法 2008年2～9月在全国11个城市的34个老年科门诊进行调查.先对在调查时间内前来老年科门诊就诊的全部男性患者进行LUTS/BPH病史的询问.然后在LUTS/BPH患者中选择部分患者进行详细的问卷调查及BPH相关检查.结果 在调查过程中,共有31 371位男性患者来老年科门诊就诊,14 748(47.0%)例有LUTS/BPH病史.其中10 678例(72.4%)曾接受或正在接受药物或手术治疗,4070例(27.6%)第1次诊断LUTS/BPH或以往曾诊断LUTS/BPH但未行药物或手术治疗.患者最常接受的检查是尿常规检查.血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)检查和经腹前列腺超声检查.在接受药物治疗情况调查的3542例患者中,1155例(32.6%)采用5α还原酶抑制剂单独药物治疗,1239例(35.0%)采用5α还原酶抑制剂+α受体阻滞剂联合药物治疗.对检查及治疗满意的患者分别为1796例(84.5%)和1678例(79.0%). 结论 LUTS/BPH是老年科门诊常见疾病,目前临床应用的检查及药物治疗方案与国际上有一定差异,需要对患者进行相关疾病知识的普及.     

老年人良性前列腺增生与心血管疾病的关系

目的 了解老年良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者临床特点及用药情况,探讨BPH与心血管疾病的关系. 方法 搜集本院老年病科100例BPH患者临床资料,采用国际前列腺症状评分表(IPSS)、生活质量量表(QOL)对患者进行评价,所有患者均详细询问心血管病史,并检测前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平,采用腹部超声测量前列腺体积(PV). 结果 老年BPH患者PV和PSA随年龄增长而升高;疾病严重程度以中度(IPSS 8～19分)多见;BPH患者高血压、冠心病和糖尿病患病率高,冠心病者PV显著高于非冠心病者(P＜0.05);我院BPH患者服用5-α还原酶抑制剂和α-受体阻滞剂者多见,治疗依从性好. 结论 老年BPH患者严重程度与年龄、冠心病发病相关;药物干预治疗以5-α还原酶抑制剂使用率最高.     

老年良性前列腺增生与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的关系

目的 观察老年良性前列腺增生(BPH)合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的临床特点及用药情况,探讨BPH与COPD的关系.方法 回顾性分析100例BPH患者临床资料,采用国际前列腺症状评分表(IPSS)、生活质量量表(QOL)对患者进行评价,所有患者均详细询问病史,并检测前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平,超声测量前列腺体积(PV).结果 老年BPH患者PV和PSA随年龄增长而增高;疾病严重程度以中度(IPSS 8～19分)多见;COPD者合并BPH较其他呼吸疾病合并BPH者多见,COPD组PV显著高于非COPD组合并BPH者(P＜0.05);我院BPH患者服用5-α还原酶抑制剂和α受体阻滞剂者多见,治疗依从性好.结论 老年BPH患者严重程度与年龄、COPD相关;药物治疗以5-α还原酶抑制剂使用率最高.     

老年病科门诊良性前列腺增生症患者诊治现况

目的 了解<中国良性前列腺增生症诊断治疗指南>公布以来老年病科门诊BPH诊断与治疗的基本情况.方法 采用BPH诊断情况日报表(A表)、BPH良患者就医需求问卷(B表)、国际前列腺症状评分表(International Prostate Symptom Score,IPSS)、(C表)、BPH患者生活质量量表(QOL)(D表),对单月在湘雅二医院老年病科门诊就诊的BPH患者进行调查.结果 2008年2月湘雅二医院老年病科门诊患者总计263人(女106人,男157人),其中诊断为BPH患者111人.医生开具的检查项目中病史询问、IPSS评分、生活质量评分(Quality Of Life,QOL)、腹部超声、PSA测定等均达到了100%.初诊患者与复诊组比较,确诊时间、IPSS评分、QOL评分、前列腺体积以及最大尿流率均有统计学差异.前列腺体积与PSA值在所有患者以及70岁、80岁人群组具正相关性,同时80岁组中前列腺体积与最大尿流率也具正相关.采用药物治疗者占58%.结论 湘雅二医院老年病科门诊BPH患者的主要构成人群特征均与全国的情况基本接近,门诊医生能较好地遵从BPH诊疗指南来诊断与评估患者病情,但尚需要提高对于直肠指诊重要性的认识,在药物治疗选择上,以α受体阻滞剂使用率最高,其次为中药和植物制剂,5α还原酶抑制剂最低,α受体阻滞剂与5α还原酶抑制剂合用率也低于服用中药植物制剂率.     

长沙市三家医院老年病科门诊良性前列腺增生患者药物治疗情况分析

目的 了解长沙市3家医院老年病科门诊良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者的基本情况及药物应用情况. 方法 采用BPH诊断情况日报表、BPH患者就医需求问卷、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)表、BPH患者生活质量量表(BPHQLS)对单月在湘雅医院、湘雅二医院、长沙市三医院3家医院老年病科门诊就诊的BPH患者进行调查. 结果 2008年单月3家医院老年病科门诊患者总计657人,其中男性456人,女性201人.诊断为BPH者289人,占老年病科就诊患者的44.0%,占男性患者的63.4%.完成全部调查项目者145人,平均年龄(77.2±5.7)岁,前列腺体积平均值(41.44±21.00)ml,血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)中位数值2.24 μg/L,最大尿流率(12.65±5.74)ml/S,IPSS评分(14.80±8.11)分,BPHQLS评分(2.56±1.36)分.145例患者中,药物治疗率为66.21%(96/145),α受体阻滞剂单用率为6.90%(10/145),5α还原酶抑制剂单用率为8.97%(13/145),联合治疗方案采用率达26.90%(39/145). 结论 3家医院的门诊BPH患者为高进展风险人群,患者目前治疗方案以药物治疗为主,药物的选择基本合理.     

老年良性前列腺增生症单药治疗无效的危险因素

目的通过分析α-受体阻滞剂治疗老年良性前列腺增生症(BPH)无效的危险因素,明确初诊老年BPH的药物选择。方法回顾研究96例老年BPH患者,其中单用α-受体阻滞剂坦索罗新治疗组42例,与5α-还原酶抑制剂非那雄胺联合治疗组54例,比较两组国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量指数(QOL)、最大尿流速(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVR)、前列腺体积及血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)。结果联合用药与单药治疗组比较,前列腺体积、Qmax和IPSS具有统计学差异;多元回归分析显示IPSS(P<0.001)及前列腺体积(P<0.05)与老年BPH单药治疗无效密切相关。结论老年BPH患者单药及联合治疗均能改善病情,对于初诊时具有较高的IPSS评分及严重的前列腺体积增大者应给予药物联合治疗。     

老年人良性前列腺增生诊断治疗情况分析

目的 研究老年人良性前列腺增生(BPH)的诊断治疗情况. 方法 以2010年1月至2012年3月在干部门诊体检的188例保健干部为对象,对其进行腹部超声检查测定前列腺体积(PV),以PV≥20 ml诊断BPH;国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)评估下尿路症状;测定血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA),将年龄≥62岁、PSA≥1.6 μg/L、PV≥31 ml诊断为高进展性BPH.分析老年人BPH患病率、知晓率及治疗情况,单因素方差分析比较不同年龄组的PV、IPSS及PSA浓度,Logistic回归分析BPH的危险因素. 结果 188例老年人BPH的患病率为48.4％ (91/188),知晓率41.5％(78/188),但因下尿路症状而就诊知晓的为10.6％ (20/188);PV、IPSS、PSA浓度随增龄而增加(均P＜0.01),年龄、高血压及糖尿病是BPH的危险因素;BPH患者中以5α还原酶抑制剂为主进行药物治疗的占47.3％,46例高进展BPH患者中有10例未使用药物治疗. 结论 BPH患病率随增龄而增加,老年人对下尿路症状不够重视导致主动就诊率低,临床医师对高进展性BPH药物治疗不及时,应在老年、高血压和糖尿病患者中加强BPH宣教及筛查,采取综合性治疗措施.     

中国11城市老年科门诊良性前列腺增生患者药物治疗的现状及分析

目的 了解中国老年科门诊良性前列腺增生药物治疗的现状,并对其进行总结和分析.方法 2008年2月至2008年9月在全国11个中心城市的34个老年科门诊进行调研,首先对在调查时间内前来老年科门诊就诊的全部男性患者进行有关良性前列腺增生的病史询问,然后从中选取11000例正在进行良性前列腺增生药物治疗的患者填写详细的调查问卷并进行相关检查.结果 在1000名被调查者中,共收到有效问卷774份,其中国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)偏高且前列腺体积偏大者比例较高.在良性前列腺增生患者的药物治疗方面,联合药物治疗(5α还原酶抑制剂+α受体阻滞剂)的比例最高,达45.48%,以下依次是α受体阻滞剂(36.30%)、5α还原酶抑制剂(13.05%)和其他药物(主要是中成药和植物制剂,5.17%).结论 当前,我国老年科门诊在良性前列腺增生的药物治疗方面,还存在着只重视症状的改善而轻视疾病进展的倾向,和当前的国际、国内的治疗指南以及众多的随机、对照研究的结论相比还存在着一定的差距.     

老年科良性前列腺增生的诊治现状

目的 了解良性前列腺增生(benign prostate hyperplasia,BPH)在老年科的诊断和治疗现状,促进BPH诊断和治疗的规范化.方法 抽取我国23个城市的老年科门诊BPH患者,完成老年科BPH门诊登记调查表.问卷内容包括患者的基本情况、诊疗情况和治疗效果.结果 对4001份调查问卷的分析显示,患者平均国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)(18.8±5.9)分,中、重度症状患者分别占53.8％和42.0％.并存疾病的患病率依次为高血压(63.9％)、冠心病(40.4％)、糖尿病(32.4％)和高脂血症(25.7％).BPH相关并发症的发生率依次为尿路感染(21.0％)、尿路结石(8.3％)、反复血尿(1.8％)、肾积水(1.7％)和疝气(0.6％).医师采用的诊疗手段中,未进行直肠指诊的占27.2％,未进行血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)检查的占89.5％.在药物治疗的患者中,68.1％的患者处方中有a受体阻滞剂,92.9％的处方中有5α还原酶抑制剂,11.8％的处方中有中药和植物制剂,0.4％的处方中有M受体阻滞剂.首次处方中,单药治疗的占51.1％,2种药物联合治疗的占46.6％.在中重度症状患者中,遵医嘱规律服药的占60.6％,已停药的占13.9％.需要调整处方的原因依次为药物疗效差(23.4％)、不良反应多(5.4％)、价格昂贵(3.5％)、服用不方便(2.9％)等.结论 老年科门诊BPH患者以中重度症状为主,BPH治疗的同时还需考虑并存的疾病和BPH相关并发症;医师需进一步认识直肠指诊和PSA检查的重要性,联合治疗对于改善患者下尿路症状效果显著,长期治疗效果更好.     

血糖代谢性指标与良性前列腺增生症的相关性

目的 探讨老年良性前列腺增生症(BPH)患者和BPH合并血糖代谢性指标异常患者的临床相关性.方法 通过对老年病科门诊就诊的≥60岁BPH患者进行流行病学调查,对入选的117例BPH患者的血糖等代谢性指标空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与BPH评价指标:前列腺体积(PV)、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、BPH病程时间等进行统计分析和比较.结果 ①FBG升高的BPH患者比FBG正常的BPH患者PV增大更明显(P=0.002),PSA值亦明显升高(P=0.006),IPSS明显增加(P=0.01),而BPH病程时间两组间未发现显著性差异.②2 hPBG升高的BPH患者与2 hPBG正常的BPH患者PV、PSA值、IPSS、BPH病程时间未发现显著性差异(P＞0.05).③HbA1c 正常的BPH患者前列腺体积与HbA1c异常的BPH患者比较显示,后者的PV明显增大(P=0.046),PSA、IPSS、BPH病程时间在两者之间未见显著性差异.结论 FBG为BPH患者病情进展的危险因素.HbA1c在BPH病程中也起到一定的作用.FBG、HbA1c与BPH之间存在密切关系.     

Correlations among Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms,Bother, and Quality of Life in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Associated Fluctuations with Tamsulosin Administration

Objectives: To estimate correlations among lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), bother, and quality of life (QOL) and assess fluctuations in these parameters after α1‐blocker administration in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: Untreated BPH patients with international prostate symptom scores (IPSS) ≥ 8 and IPSS‐QOL scores ≥ 2 were administered tamsulosin at 0.2 mg/day for 4 weeks in a prospective multicenter study. We subsequently estimated the IPSS, bother score for each IPSS item, BPH impact index (BII), and IPSS‐QOL score before and 4 weeks after tamsulosin administration. We also analyzed the LUTS that might strongly influence QOL by using a path analysis model. Results: Analyzable data were obtained from 198 of the 257 patients enrolled. The IPSS were highest for LUTS such as slow stream, followed by increased daytime frequency and nocturia. The bother score was highest for slow stream, followed by nocturia. We observed dissociations between IPSS and bother scores for both urgency and nocturia. After tamsulosin administration, total and individual IPSS, total and individual bother scores, total and individual BII scores, and IPSS‐QOL score demonstrated significant improvements. Path analysis showed that physical discomfort and bothersomeness were BII items that strongly influenced QOL. Furthermore, feeling of incomplete emptying, urgency, and slow stream were LUTS that strongly influenced QOL. Conclusion: Tamsulosin administration improved patient QOL by possible mechanisms via improvement in subjective symptoms and bother. The LUTS that strongly influenced QOL comprised feeling of incomplete emptying, urgency, and slow stream.     

Effects of α1‐Blockers for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Sleep Disorders in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Objectives: We evaluated the association of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sleep disorders (SD) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We also examined improvement of SD following the α1‐blocker therapy for LUTS. Methods: Sixty‐eight male patients were enrolled in the study, consisting of 38 cases with LUTS and BPH (BPH group), and 30 men without significant LUTS or BPH (non‐BPH group). The degree of LUTS and SD was evaluated by the International Prostate Symptom Score and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. The patients of BPH group then were treated with α1‐blocker for 4 weeks, and were re‐examined by all the questionnaires to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies. Results: The correlation analyses showed a significant association of LUTS with SD in BPH group (r = 0.4995, P = 0.0068). Twenty cases (52.6%) in BPH group showed 5.5 or more PSQI scores. Following 4 weeks of α1‐blocker administration, the average PSQI decreased significantly from 6.3 to 4.8 points (P < 0.001). Significant improvement was observed in domains of “sleep quality” and “sleep disturbances” among PSQI (P = 0.0215 and 0.0391, respectively). Moreover, significant association between α1‐blocker induced improvements of nocturia and SD was identified in patients with 5.5 or more PSQI score at baseline (r = 0.445, P = 0.0334). Conclusion: These results suggested that SD is associated with LUTS among BPH patients and therapeutic effects of α1‐blockers on LUTS lead to improvements of SD.     

Doxazosin in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy: an update

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a1 - blocker doxazosin for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) compatible with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Fourteen randomized controlled trials enrolled 6261 men, average age 64 years, who had moderately severe LUTS and flow impairment. Compared with baseline measures and placebo effect, doxazosin resulted in a statistically significant improvement in both LUTS and flow. However, when compared with placebo, the average magnitude of symptom improvement (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] improvement <3 points) typically did not achieve a level detectable by patients. Combined doxazosin and finasteride therapy improved LUTS and reduced the risk of overall clinical progression of BPH compared to each drug separately in men followed over 4 years. Reported mean changes from baseline in the IPSS were −7.4, −6.6, −5.6, and −4.9 points for combination therapy, doxazosin, finasteride, and placebo, respectively. Combination therapy reduced the need for invasive treatment for BPH and the risk of long-term urinary retention. The absolute reductions compared with placebo were less than 4% and primarily seen in men with prostate gland volume >40 mL or PSA levels >4 ng/mL. Efficacy was comparable with other a1–blockers. Withdrawals from treatment for any cause were comparable to placebo. Dizziness and fatigue occurred more frequently with doxazosin compared to placebo.     

Clinical aspects and molecular genetics of the persistent Müllerian duct syndrome

OBJECTIVE The 5α-reductase inhibitor, finasteride, provides a logical medical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the effects of chronic finasteride treatment on prostatic androgen levels, 5α-reductase activity and tissue prostatic specific antigen (PSA) have not been studied. We have examined prostate tissue androgen concentrations and 5α-reductase activity of the gland in men with BPH treated with the drug for 3 months. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Twenty-eight patients with clinically diagnosed BPH, awaiting transurethral resection of the prostate, were entered in a double-blind placebo controlled study. Nineteen patients were randomly allocated to treatment with finasteride (5 mg daily) and 9 received placebo for 3 months. MEASUREMENTS Prostate specimens were collected immediately following surgery and analysed for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione, 5α-reductase activity and PSA. Blood specimens obtained before the start and immediately following treatment were also tested for steroid hormone concentrations and PSA levels. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the median levels of intraprostatic testosterone (P = 0.77), DHT(P= 0.46) and androstenedione (P = 0.09) between the finasteride and placebo groups. However, the 5α-reductase activity of the placebo group (237.9 pmol DHT/g tissue/30 min) was approximately 10 times that of the finasteride group (21.5 pmol DHT/g tissue/30 min; P = 0.0008). Although we were unable to detect any differences in the PSA concentrations of the prostate glands, there was a significant difference (P = 0.0002) in the median percentage change of serum PSA concentrations for the two patient groups. Serum DHT levels were also depleted (P = 0.038) whilst serum testosterone was increased (P = 0.054) in the finasteride patients when compared to the placebo group. Furthermore our study demonstrated no correlation between the in vitro 5α-reductase activity of the gland and tissue DHT concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Whilst finasteride treatment induced a reduction in serum dihydrotestosterone and prostatic specific antigen levels with a concomittant increase in blood testosterone concentrations, the impact of the drug on tissue androgen concentrations varied considerably from one patient to another. The differential effect of the drug on tissue androgen concentrations suggests that in the human prostate there are possibly more than one isoform of 5α-reductase responsible for the accumulation of DHT in the gland.     

老年人良性前列腺增生症与胰岛素抵抗

目的 观察胰岛素抵抗和空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平与老年良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系. 方法 以2008年2月在湘雅二医院老年病科门诊就诊的BPH患者68例为观察对象,分析FINS、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).测量血压、体质量、身高、腹围,计算体质指数.测定前列腺体积,评估下尿路症状(LUTS),并询问LUTS出现的时间. 结果 (1)按照HOMA-IR＞2.8为胰岛素抵抗,将患者分为敏感组48例和抗组20例,结果显示抵抗组患者的前列腺体积高于敏感组,分别为(61.1±32.9)ml和(40.4±16.5)ml,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组PSA分别为(3.3±2.3)μg/L与(2.9±1.3)μg/L,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);LUTS出现时间(13.4±6.6)年和(8.7±6.0)年,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)分别为(16.4±6.7)分和(13.3±7.1)分,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)以前列腺症状药物治疗(MTOPS)研究的进展性评价指标为标准,将患者分为低进展组与高进展组,分别为30例和38例,两组FINS、HOMA-IR比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).(3)前列腺体积与HOMA-IR、FINS呈正相关(r值分别为0.431和0.492,均P＜0.01).结论老年BPH患者存在胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素抵抗程度、高FINS水平与前列腺体积的增大及疾病进展有关.