济宁市农村精神疾病流行情况再调查的结果及其比较

为掌握我市农村精神疾病患病情况及其相关因素,并与１９８４年资料进行对照研究。方法 依据精神疾病流行病学调查的有关内容,对１９８４年三个样本县进行复调。结果 各类精神疾病总患病率为１０．３５‰,时点患病率为９．４１‰,其中精神分裂症患病率３．６２‰,情感性障碍０．２５‰,脑因管疾病所致精神障碍０．００‰,人格障碍１．０４‰。结论 除脑血管疾病所致精神障碍,人格障碍有显著性差异外,总患病率,时点患病率     

广东中山市精神疾病流行病学调查

目的 了解中山市精神疾病流行病学情况。方法 采用WHO提供,1982年和1993年两次全国精神疾病流行病学调查使用的方法,对中山市城乡3721人行社会人口学调查及15岁以上人口精神疾病患病情况调查。结果 中山市精神疾病(不含神经症和海洛因依赖)时点患病率26.13‰,终生患病率为29.91‰;两者明显高于1993年中国七地区精神疾病流行病学调查结果(相应为11.18‰和13.74‰,P均小于0.01)。神经症(均为现患病例)的时点患病率为29.70‰,海洛因依赖终生患病率为7.56‰。结论 中山市精神分裂症和精神发育迟滞仍居前两位,而酒依赖、情感性精神障碍、脑器质性眠精神障碍及镇静眠药物依赖患病率升高,神经症、海洛因依赖患病率居国内较高水平,应列为防治和研究的重点。     

江苏无锡地区精神疾病流行学调查分析

使用定式调查程序，对无锡地区１０００户６岁以上人群３２０５人进行调查，结果各类精神疾病总患病率为１２．４３‰，其中精神分裂症患病率最高，为５．６２‰，其次是精神发育迟滞为２．９６‰，情感性精神障碍为１．４８‰，心因性精神障碍为１．１８‰，癫痫性精神障碍为０．８９‰和老年性痴呆为０．２９‰。     

阜阳市情感障碍的流行病学调查

目的了解阜阳市城乡情感性精神障碍患病状况及相关因素，初步探讨我国情感性精神障碍患病率较低的原因。方法2000年儿月～2001年3月在阜阳市区和3县农村进行精神疾病流行病学调查，共调查≥15岁者33332人，以心理卫生筛选表进行筛查，阳性者作精神现状检查及社会功能缺陷量表检查．以中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第2版修订本进行诊断。结果共查出情感性精神障碍患者39例．现患26例。终生患病率为1．17‰，时点患病率为0，78‰.青壮年患病率较高．并有明显的遗传倾向，农村和低收入家庭患病率相对较低．但未识别率和未治疗率却较高。结论我国的患病率低可能与情感性精神障碍分类的范围及人们对本病的认识水平有关。建议卫生部门将情感性精神障碍列为以后重点防治的疾病范围。     

精神疾病与社会心理因素关系的初步探讨(摘要)

于1990年11月至1991年1月对徐州市的两个区中18个街道的54个居委会,随机抽查3240户计9636人的精神疾病和社会心理因素情况,发现有精神分裂症39人,患病率为4.0‰,精神发育迟滞17人,患病率为1.8‰,癫痫及其精神障碍5人,患病率为0.5‰。其它精神疾病12人,患病率为1.2‰。 73例精神疾病患者中男47例,女26例。精神分裂症的病程7个月～49年,平均18.7年;39例中有11例     

桂林市农村地区精神疾病流行病学调查

目的:了解桂林市15岁以上农村居民各类精神疾病的患病水平和分布特征。方法:2007年7月至12月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取桂林市3个县2800名15岁以上农村居民为对象进行入户调查。以中国疾病预防控制中心精神卫生中心提供的中文版复合性国际诊断问卷为筛查工具,以国际疾病及相关健康问题分类第10版为诊断标准。结果:完成调查2628人,调查完成率93.9%。桂林农村15岁以上人群精神疾病的总时点患病率23.59‰,总终生患病率29.30‰。终生患病率前3位病种为酒依赖(11.42‰)、精神分裂症(8.37‰)和抑郁症(7.61‰)。农村地区女性终生患病率为20.56‰,低于男性的38.70‰(χ2MH=6.969,P=0.008)。酒依赖终身患病率在55～74岁年龄段和壮族人群中患病率较高结论:酒依赖、精神分裂症和抑郁症是桂林市农村地区精神疾病防治重点。     

江西省宜春市精神分裂症患病率的调查结果

为了解宜春市精神分裂症的患病情况 ,作者以1999年 7月 1日零时作为调查时点 ,在宜春市范围内对精神分裂症的患病情况进行了调查。现将结果报道于后。1　资料和方法1 1　资料　采用分层整群随机抽样的方法 ,在宜春市内共抽取调查样本 5 0 0 0户 ,共计 2 2 0 31例 ,对其中 15岁以上人口 17779例进行精神分裂症患病率调查。1 2　①采用全国 12地区精神疾病流行病学调查协作组制订的调查方法 ;②应用精神分裂症病史表、精神疾病 10题筛查表、精神现况检查表、阴性症状评定量表、社会功能缺陷筛查表、以及中国精神疾病分类与诊断标准第二版修…     

安徽淮北矿区职工精神疾病流行病学调查

目的：了解安徽淮北市矿区职工各类精神障碍的患病率。方法：采用精神疾病流调手册推荐的方法和流程,于2009年9月1日至12月31日对淮北市矿区职工进行精神疾病流行病学调查。结果：通过多级分层整群概率比例,随机抽样2830人完成调查,患有精神疾病177例（其中神经症88例）,精神疾病患病率为62．54‰;若不含神经症,患病率为31．45‰,与1993年全国7个地区精神疾病流行病学调查结果相比明显升高。结论：淮北矿区职工精神疾病患病率较高,各类精神疾病患病率以神经症和酒依赖居前两位。矿区职工精神卫生防治工作亟待加强。     

淄博市精神分裂症残疾的流行学调查

采用国内十二地区精神疾病流调协作组制定的调查程序和方法,对我市精神疾病进行了流行学抽样调查,并重点对精神分裂症残疾进行了调查。结果表明:精神分裂症患病率为4.7‰,残疾患病率为3.55‰,其中男性为4.39‰,女性为2.69‰。男女之间无明显差异(X~2=2.14,P>0.05),精神分裂症致残率为75.50％。残疾与婚姻、经济状况及家庭和睦情况有明显的关系,提出了今后精神分裂症残疾康复的措施。     

精神分裂症残疾的流行病学调查

采用国内12地区精神疾病流行学调查的程序和方法,对精神分裂症残疾进行流行病学调查。结果表明,精神分裂症的患病率为5.80‰,精神分裂症残疾患病率为3.99‰。其中城市5.28‰,农村2.77‰;男性4.04‰,女性5.46‰,调查还发现精神分裂症的致残率为67.86％,精神分裂症的残疾与其社会支持系统有非常明显的关系,并提出了今后精神分裂症残疾康复的建议.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -