运用Gamma钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆间及粗隆下骨折

目的 探讨Gamma钉治疗股骨粗隆间及粗隆下骨折的临床疗效.方法 对87例股骨粗隆间及粗隆下骨折行Gamma钉内固定治疗,并观察其术后疗效.结果 本组随访1～2.5年.复查X线片显示骨折均牢固愈合,无骨不连、内固定松动、脱出或再骨折,无拉力螺钉切出股骨头及主钉远端股骨干骨折.结论 Gamma钉经准确复位和坚强内固定,可...     

PFNA与Gamma钉治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的早期疗效评价

[目的]比较PFNA、Gamma钉治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效评价. [方法]78例骨折患者中,36例使用PFNA固定,42例使用Gamma钉固定,并对手术资料、术后并发症和髋关节功能进行临床随访分析. [结果]PFNA的手术操作时间、术中出血量等较Gamma钉小,但骨折愈合时间无显著的差异.Gamma组1例出现拉力螺钉切出,2例出现股骨干骨折. [结论]PFNA设计合理,微创操作,出血少,固定牢固,是治疗不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的理想方法之一,尤其适用于骨质疏松老年不稳定的股骨粗隆间骨折.     

Gamma3钉与DHS内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的比较Gamma3钉与动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2011年3月分别采用闭合复位Gamma3钉或DHS内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折89例,其中DHS内固定51例(DHS组),Gamma3钉内固定38例(Gamma3钉组)。病例选择时排除病理性骨折及严重多发伤。比较两组患者手术时间和术中失血量、术后骨折复位丢失、骨折愈合时间及术后关节功能恢复的情况。结果术后随访6~12个月,平均10.4个月,无骨折不愈合。两组相比在手术时间、术中失血量及髋关节功能恢复方面差异无统计学意义,Gamma3钉组骨折愈合时间较DHS组延长但术后骨折复位丢失少。结论 DHS和Gamma3钉内固定治疗稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折可获得同样的疗效,但对于不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折,Gamma3钉内固定能有效减少骨折复位丢失,降低术后髋内翻的发生率。     

螺旋刀片与螺钉固定股骨头治疗老年粗隆间骨折的临床疗效研究

[目的]探讨螺旋刀片与螺钉固定股骨头在治疗老年低能量粗隆间骨折中的应用。[方法]对193例老年粗隆间骨折随机分组,实施动力髋螺钉、动力髋刀片、股骨近端髓内钉、Gamma髓内钉手术,股骨头内固定为螺钉者为一组(动力髋螺钉和Gamma髓内钉),股骨头内固定为螺旋刀片者为一组(动力髋刀片和股骨近端髓内钉)。术后进行至少2年随访。记录术后尖顶距和股骨头内固定位置及随访的并发症结果并进行统计学分析。[结果]刀片组101例患者中94例获得随访,螺钉组92例患者中83例获得随访。两组间的平均尖顶距、尖顶距>25 mm的百分比和内固定位置中心患者的百分比差异均无统计学意义;内固定切出率也无统计学差异。[结论]对于老年低能量粗隆间骨折,股骨头固定使用螺钉或螺旋刀片的作用相当,远期疗效有待于进一步随访。     

国产重建钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨国产重建钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果和并发症。方法自2001年3月~2005年5月,采用重建钉治疗46例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,平均随访12个月,观察疗效。结果2例术中复位不良,本组无术中股骨近段骨折发生,随访9~30个月后,无远端锁钉处骨折发生。6例发生髋内翻,其中4例近端拉力螺钉切割股骨头,1例近端拉力螺钉退出,1例为术中复位不良者;余40例骨折愈合良好,髋关节活动良好。近端拉力螺钉退出2例,1例不合并髋内翻。结论国产重建钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折,术中并发症少见,更易完成手术,但远期髋内翻发生率高,不能令人满意。     

股骨粗隆间骨折内固定手术后并发症原因分析

目的：探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)和股骨近端髓内固定(Gamma钉、PFN)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折产生手术后并发症的原因。方法：总结2000～2004年用DHS和髓内固定系统治疗的共94例股骨粗隆间骨折病例，对6例出现手术后并发症病例的原因进行了分析。结果：94例患者中6例出现术后并发症，并发症种类包括6类：术后股骨干骨折；内固定物股骨头颈内切割；髋内翻；股骨头坏死；头颈螺钉穿人髋关节；骨折不愈合。结论：内固定物选择不当是发生手术并发症的重要原因，而不稳定骨折、严重骨质疏松、骨折复位不良、头颈螺钉位置不良都将增加手术并发症的发生率。     

Gamma3治疗股骨转子间骨折失败1例报道

目的探讨Gamma3治疗股骨转子间骨折术后拉力螺钉轴向内移切割发生的原因、预防及处理。方法报告1例Gamma3治疗股骨转子间骨折术后发生拉力螺钉轴向内移位并穿透股骨头进入髋臼的特殊切割失败病例。结果本例股骨转子间骨折采用闭合复位Gamma3内固定术,术后2个月发生拉力螺钉轴向内移位明显,穿透股骨头并进入髋臼,行更换短拉力螺钉翻修术。翻修术后5个月发生股骨头无菌性坏死,再次行全髋关节置换术进行翻修,术后患者髋关节疼痛消失,活动良好,能维持既往日常生活,髋关节Harris评分92分。结论对于股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定,需要良好复位,保持合理尖顶距,避免拉力螺钉末端过短卡压在股骨外侧壁,这样可降低头颈螺钉轴向内移切割的发生。一旦发生头拉力螺钉轴向内移位切割失效,可采用全髋关节置换术或更换头颈螺钉进行翻修,能取得良好的疗效。     

老年股骨粗隆间骨折手术内固定的选择

目的比较Gamma钉和股骨近端解剖钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效及其应用选择。方法对72例老年股骨粗隆间骨折行手术治疗,其中股骨近端解剖钢板固定33例,Gamma钉39例。从术后髋关节功能的恢复情况及并发症对两种治疗方法进行比较分析。结果Gamma钉组术后优秀率71.8%,股骨近端解剖钢板组57.6%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后并发症Gamma钉组2例,股骨近端解剖钢板组4例。结论对于稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折,Gamma钉和股骨近端解剖钢板都是有效的内固定方法;对于不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折,Gamma钉更具有优势。     

滑动髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的：对滑动髋螺钉治疗粗隆间骨折时螺钉置放位置,钉板角度的选择的临床观察。方法：对３６例粗隆间骨折行滑动髋螺钉内固定术临床观察。结果：滑动髋螺股骨粗隆间骨折其螺钉置放部位及钉板角度的选择对术后并发症的发生有明显影响,钉板角度选择主要根据骨折的移位程度,下肢缩短及复位情况而定。结论：粗隆间骨折行滑动髋螺钉内固定,只要螺钉放置位置正确,钉板角度选择适当,可以避免许多并发症发生。     

Gamma3钉与PFNA治疗老年不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较Gamma 3钉与PFNA治疗老年不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效.方法 对83例老年不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折,39例采用Gamma 3钉内固定(Gamma3钉组),44例采用PFNA内固定（PFNA组）,并对手术时间、出血量、术后并发症及髋关节功能进行临床随访分析.结果 PFNA组在手术操作时间、术中出血量等较Gamma 3钉组少,但在骨折愈合时间上无统计学差异.Gamma 3钉组2例出现拉力螺钉切出,l例股骨干骨折.结论 Gamma 3钉与PFNA操作简单、创伤小、出血少、固定牢固,均是治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的理想方法,但PFNA钉更适用于骨质疏松的患者.     

两种髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的回顾性分析

目的比较自制股骨颈轴向控制髓内钉(axial controlled intramedullary nail of the femoral neck简称ACINFN钉)与A-P型Gamma钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的远期疗效.方法运用影像学,术后患肢功能和术后并发症对48例ACINFN钉,66例A-P型Gamma钉术后随访进行综合评定.结果ACINFN钉术后解剖复位率83.33%.髋关节功能优良率达93.75%.术后并发症异位骨化4例,占8.33%;异物残留1例,占2.08%;无内固定断裂、颈螺钉穿出股骨头、髋内翻和继发性股骨骨折等严重并发症发生.明显优于A-P型Gamma钉.结论ACINFN钉具有创伤小,解剖复位率高,髋关节功能恢复好和并发症少的优点,不失为治疗股骨转子周围部骨折可供选择的方法之一.     

A randomized study of the compression hip screw and Gamma nail in 426 fractures

A prospective, randomized study comparing the compression hip screw with the Gamma nail in the treatment of 426 intertrochanteric fractures is reported. The median patient age was 80 years, and 71% were women The compression hip screw operation took less time except in Evans Type 5 fractures. Blood loss generally was less in the compression hip screw group except in patients with Type 5 fractures. The most frequent surgical problem for patients in the Gamma group was problems with distal locking. Cephalic position of the femoral head screw and cut-out were seen more often in the Gamma nail group. The Gamma nail more frequently preserved the fracture position obtained perioperatively. Whether there was distal locking of the Gamma nail in unstable fractures did not seem to affect the healing rate. Additional fissures or fractures in the proximal femur occurred during five Gamma nail operations and two compression hip screw operations. Postoperative walking ability did not differ between the groups. At 6 months 88% of the fractures were healed. In less comminuted fractures, the compression hip screw method is the preferred method of treatment whereas the Gamma nail is an alternative treatment for more comminuted Evans Type 5 fractures.     

股骨转子周围骨折的髓内钉固定96例

应用国产Gamma钉治疗股骨转子周围骨折 96例 (97髋 )的疗效。对稳定性骨折 4 0例、不稳定性股骨转子周围骨折 56例 (57髋 )采用亚太型Gamma钉治疗。平均随访 1 2个月 ,骨折愈合率 98% ,髋关节功能优良率 90 2 %。并发症 :股骨干骨折、拉力螺钉切出股骨头及退出各 1例 ,迟发感染 3例。Gamma钉可用于各种类型的股骨转子周围骨折 ,具有操作简便、手术损伤小、出血少、固定牢固等优点。熟练掌握Gamma钉技术 ,术中认真、细致操作 ,有些并发症是可以避免的。Gamma钉是治疗股骨转子周围骨折的理想方法之一。     

不同时间段空心加压螺钉内固定治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的 比较急诊与延期行空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2000年12月～2010年12月我院采用空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的患者99例,分成急诊组52例,延期组47例,比较术后的骨折复位质量、骨折愈合情况,术后1年、2年股骨头缺血坏死、塌陷发生率以及髋关节功能情况及全身并发症等治疗效果的差异性。结果 骨折愈合率、股骨头坏死率、髋关节功能优良率、急诊组股骨头坏死率较延迟组高,两组间均有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论 对于老年移位型股骨颈骨折患者,采用闭合复位空心加压螺钉内固定治疗,急诊手术疗效优于延期手术。     

Gamma钉和DHS/Richard钉治疗股骨近端骨折相比较的Meta分析

目的评价Garoma钉和DyiS (Dynanlic Hip screw)／Rirhard钉治疗股骨近端骨折的疗效和安全性。方法 应用(Cochrance协作网Meta分析方法对关于Garoma钉和DHs／Richard钉治疗股骨近端骨折的随机或半随机对照试验进行Meta分析。结果 我们检索出1969～2003年间发表的88篇关于Ganmla钉和DHs／Richard钉治疗股骨近端骨折相比较的文献，经过筛选和评价，最后收集到已发表的7篇(共1256例患者)随机或半随机对照试验，符合本次Meta分析所纳入的试验标准。4个临床试验共包括62l例患者，提供了关于术后前6个月的死亡率的详细信息。我们发现Gamma钉术后头6个月与DHs／Richard钉相比较的死亡的相对危险度无明显统计学差异(相对危险度1．17，p=0．51)。6个试验包括1083例患者提供了并发症的资料。Garoma钉和DHS／Rithard钉内固定的相对危险度是1．4l(p：0．02)。Gamma钉明显的增加了股骨干骨折的危险(相对危险度6．99：p=0．00)，二次手术率增加(相对危险度1．85；p=0．20)。此外，Gamma钉与DHS／Richard钉相比较，患者的手术时间缩短，手术失血量及术后功能恢复相同。结论 通过此次Meta分析发现，对于治疗股骨近端骨折，Gamma钉与DHS／Richard钉相比较，在死亡率、伤口感染率、手术失血量、术后功能的相对危险度无明显统计学差异，但增加并发症，尤其明显的增加了股骨干骨折的危险，二次手术率有增加趋势。     

Migration of the lag screw within the femoral head: a comparison of the intramedullary hip screw and the Gamma Asia-Pacific nail

OBJECTIVES: To study the functional difference in the performances of sliding femoral head screws by comparing the displacement of the screw in relation to the femoral head in hips treated with the Gamma Asia-Pacific nail (GN) and hips treated with the intramedullary hip screw (IMHS). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. METHODS: Displacement of the femoral head screw in relation to the femoral head was measured in fifty-six elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures who were treated with an IMHS or GN. Displacement of the femoral head screw was determined by comparing screw position in the immediate postoperative radiograph with a film taken 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: In the GN group, significant displacement of the screw was observed with 3.8 +/- 3.8 percent translation in the horizontal axis (P < 0.005) and 4.3 +/- 5.1 percent displacement in the vertical axis (P < 0.05) in comparison with the diameter of the femoral head. In comparison, displacement of the femoral head screw was not observed with the IMHS (P = 0.48 for horizontal, P = 0.18 for vertical). Total displacement of the femoral head screw in relation to the femoral head in the GN was twice that observed in the IMHS (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the displacement of the femoral head screw of the IMHS was less than the lag screw of the GN. However, it is still unknown whether this smaller displacement of the IMHS is clinically significant for reducing the rate of screw cut-out after surgery.     

Cephalomedullary fixation for intertrochanteric fractures: an operative technical tip

Intertrochanteric fracture is the most common hip fractures in elderly population. Cephalomedullary fixation, including proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and gamma nail, is commonly used in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. One of difficulties encountered in operation is insertion of the guide wire to femoral head. The guide wire would always bend and flow superiorly away from femoral calcar, and the lag screw and helical blade will follow the track and get into superior part of femoral head, not into femoral calcar. Here, we are presenting a surgical technique to direct the guide wire to right track. When guide wire just passed the tack hole of the nail, the rod of nail was slightly tapped down further to allow the superior border of the tack hole to touch the guide wire. Therefore, the superior border of the tack hole can be used as presser to prevent the wire from deviating upward. Through this way, the lag screw and helical blade get a good purchase that docked at femoral calcar. After that, the rod of nail was pulled back a little to make the wire in the middle of the tack hole, which can facilitate the insertion of the PFNA blade or lag screw. Our experience demonstrated that this surgical technique reduced the intraoperative risk for patients.     

Gamma nail vs compression screw for trochanteric femoral fractures: 15 reoperations in a prospective, randomized study of 378 patients

A total of 378 trochanteric and subtrochanteric femoral fractures were randomized to treatment with Gamma nail (177) or Hip Compression Screw (HCS) (201). After a median follow-up time of 17 (10-27) months, 15 patients needed reoperations; 13 had been treated with Gamma nail and 2 with HCS. 10 patients, all treated with Gamma nail, were reoper-ated because of a femoral shaft fracture. 5 of these fractures occurred 8 (4-10) days postoperatively and were related to intraoperative complications. The other 5 shaft fractures occurred a median of 2 (1-3) months postoperatively after falls, and may be related to stress concentration at the tip of the solid nail. The lag screw cut out or penetrated the femoral head in 5 patients, 3 of them treated with Gamma nail and 2 with HCS.     

Femoral head vitality after peroperative impaction of hip fractures

In 94 patients with femoral neck fracture the vitality of the femoral head was determined pre- and postoperatively with 99mTc-MDP-scintimetry. In half of the fractures a Thornton nail was used, in the other half three Scand hip pins. Irrespective of the displacement, no difference was noted in the two groups. In half of the operations in each group the fracture was impacted by hammer at the end of the operation. In displaced fractures, impaction caused a decrease in femoral head vitality.