两个汉族Brugada综合征核心家系SCN5A基因单核苷酸多态性分析及新突变检测

目的研究两个汉族Brugada综合征家系成员相关基因SCN5A外显子的突变情况,探讨相关基因SCN5A外显子在新疆汉、哈、维族健康人群中的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。方法已明确诊断为Brugada综合征的2位汉族患者及其家系成员共27人作为研究对象,同时纳入246例（汉族75人,哈族68人,维吾尔族103人）健康人群作为对照,采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行外显子序列扩增,双脱氧末端中止法进行核酸序列检测,测序结果经核酸序列比对软件（DNAMAN）比对、在线基因序列筛查（http：//genome.ucsc.edu/及http：//blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/）检测相关基因SCN5A外显子的突变情况,运用统计学软件分析目标基因SNP。结果在2个已明确诊断为Brugada综合征患者SCN5A基因的7号外显子上发现了一个突变位点（T909-）,在2个Brugada综合征家系其余7名家族成员中同样发现了该突变位点,健康对照人群中共有29人存在T909-突变。通过比对筛查,T909-突变在SNP数据库中尚没有记录,且T909-在2个Brugada综合征家系及健康汉族人群基因型频率和等位基因频率分布有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,在汉族、哈族、维吾尔族健康人群中基因型频率分布及等位基因频率分布无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论 T909-可能是Brugada综合征患者SCN5A基因一个新的突变位点,该突变位点多态性在汉族、哈族、维吾尔族健康人群中分布可能无差异。     

中国散发Brugada综合征患者SCN5A基因突变位点的检测

目的 对5例中国散发Brugada综合征患者进行SCN5A基因突变位点检测.方法 采用直接测序法对5例散发Brugada综合征患者进行SCN5A基因碱基突变位点的检测,测序结果用Chromas软件进行BLAST分析,再将测序峰与网上检索结果重新比对.结果 1例Brugada患者发现了一个同义杂合变异,即SCN5A基因第20外显子上发现一个碱基变异（C3549T）,其所编码的第1 183位苏氨酸没有发生改变（T1183T）.结论 在中国散发Brugada综合征患者的SCN5A基因上发现了1个新的碱基杂合同义突变.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV增强子I区分子特征分析

目的分析乙型肝炎病毒基因组中增强子I区的特征,进一步探讨乙肝慢性化的机制。方法收集16份慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清标本HBV—DNA,扩增HBVEnhI基因,PCR产物测序后对HBV进行分型,并分析HBVEnhI突变情况。结果10例（62．5％）标本HBVEnhI基因PCR扩增阳性,测序标本经在线Genotyping比对后,均属于B型,与参考序列AFl00309同源性最高,10份标本的HBVEnhI区共发现12个突变位点。结论HBVEnhI基因存在多位点突变,此可能为促进病毒复制导致乙肝慢性化的机制。     

宫颈癌组织中HPV16型E6/E7序列突变分析

目的：分析泉州地区宫颈癌患者HPV16型E6/E7序列突变情况,探讨其与宫颈癌发生的相关性。方法：取35例HPV16阳性的宫颈癌组织标本,采用PCR法扩增E6、E7全长基因。PCR产物直接测序,并与野生型序列进行比对。分析E6、E7基因的变异情况。结果：E6、E7基因的突变率分别为91.4%和89.2%。E6基因中有10个位点为错义突变, 2个位点为无义突变。氨基酸突变频率最高的是D25E（77.1%）。E7基因中共发现5个突变位点,有2个位点为错义突变,3个位点为无义突变,突变频率最高是N29S和无义突变T846C（均为75.0%）。结论：HPV16 E6、E7基因中最常见突变位点D25E、N29S和T846C可能与宫颈癌的发生密切相关,可为研究针对中国人群的HPV疫苗提供一定的线索。     

先天性心脏病相关GATA5基因突变研究

目的:识别先天性心脏病(CHD)相关GATA5基因新突变。方法:收集100例无血缘关系的CHD患者和200名无血缘关系且种族匹配的健康对照者的临床资料和血标本。抽提基因组DNA,通过聚合酶链反应扩增GATA5基因的编码外显子及其剪接位点,采用双脱氧核苷链末端合成终止法对全部扩增片段进行测序。将所测的序列与GenBank数据库中的GATA5基因序列进行比对以发现GATA5基因突变。应用多序列比对软件ClustalW评估突变氨基酸的保守性,应用致病性预测软件MutationTaster预测突变的致病性。结果:在2例CHD患者各发现1个新的GATA5基因杂合错义突变,突变率为2%。其中1个是GATA5基因编码核苷酸序列第395位的鸟嘌呤(guanine,G)变为胸腺嘧啶(thymine,T),即c.395G>T突变;另一个是GATA5基因编码核苷酸序列第991位的胞嘧啶(cytosine,C)变为腺嘌呤(adenine,A),即c.991C>A突变。多序列比对显示2种突变氨基酸在进化上均高度保守。致病性预测显示2种突变均有致病性。结论:本研究发现了CHD相关GATA5基因新突变,有助于揭示CHD新的分子机制。     

单增李斯特菌1/2a血清型菌株生物膜形成能力及相关基因差异研究

摘要： 目的 检测5株1/2a血清型单增李斯特菌生物膜形成能力并分析其单增李斯特菌生物膜形成相关基因的携带情况,为进一步探究单增李斯特菌生物膜形成影响因素及致病机制提供线索。方法 依据96孔微孔板结晶紫染色方法对5株单增李斯特菌进行了生物膜形成能力检测,并用扫描电镜观察生物膜形成情况。使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术对5株菌进行了生物膜形成相关的12对基因（sigB,prfA,yneA,hpt,relA,flaA,recA,agrA,luxS,degU,motB,bapL）全长的扩增及测序分析,通过与GeneBank中已公布的单增标准菌株EGD-e序列比对确定基因变异情况。 结果 5株1/2a血清型单增李斯特菌形成生物膜的能力有所不同,结晶紫染色观察结果与扫描电镜观察结果较为一致。11种生物膜相关基因在5株单增李斯特菌中的检测结果全阳性,测序结果发现部分基因出现突变位点（多为同义突变,部分为非同义突变）。bapL基因在生物膜形成能力较低两株菌中为阳性,而在生物膜形成能力较高的两株菌中为阴性。结论 不同的1/2a血清型单增李斯特菌间生物膜形成能力有所差异,5株1/2a血清型单增李斯特菌bapL基因携带与其生物膜形成能力并不一致,11株生物膜相关基因中出现多处碱基位点及氨基酸变化等同义突变与非同义突变。     

尿道致病性大肠埃希菌Afa/Dra家族黏附素afa/draC基因的扩增与分析

目的对尿道致病性大肠埃希菌Afa/Dra家族黏附素的afa/draC基因片段进行扩增和克隆子分析。方法 PCR方法扩增部分afa/draC基因片段,并对PCR产物进行T-A克隆后进行序列分析。结果 PCR和序列分析表明,重组质粒中已带有afa/draC基因片段的克隆,序列分析显示,该基因片段与GenBank中的相应序列对比有3~4个点突变,且突变位点高度一致。比对测序结果与所对应的氨基酸序列,发现突变位点所对应的氨基酸部分发生改变。结论国内大肠埃希菌存在Afa/Dra家族黏附素,但afa/draC基因片段及氨基酸序列与国外报道存在变异。     

SCN5A基因移码突变导致Brugada综合征

目的：检测Brugada综合征的致病基因突变位点。方法：对1个Brugada综合征家系11名成员和20名正常人的DNA样本应用双脱氧链终止基因测序法进行心脏钠离子通道α亚单位（voltage-gated sodium channel type V,SCN5A)基因测序。结果：SCN5A基因测序发现Brugada综合征家系第22个外显子存在1个杂合基因移码突变位点，经克隆传代后测序发现该突变为4087insC。该突变使通道蛋白1314－1317位氨基酸发生改变并在1318位终止，导致钠离子通道第3结构域S4结构变化，S5－6及第4结构域全部缺失。该突变在Brugada综合征家系中分布符合常染色体显性分布规律。对照组未发现相同突变。结论：SCN5A基因4087insC是国内首次发现的导致Brugada 综合征的基因突变位点，也是国际上发现的第2个引起Brugada综合征的SCN5A基因移码突变     

DNA测序与线性反向探针杂交法检测HBV P基因耐药突变的比较

目的建立和优化扩增慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV P基因的PCR方法,比较DNA测序法与线性反向探针杂交法检测HBV基因突变情况,并对耐药相关基因突变及其意义进行分析。方法采用巢式PCR法扩增93例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV P基因反转录酶区,对PCR产物进行DNA测序,采用Bioedit6．0．5、Seqman TMⅡ、EditSeq TM和MegAlign软件分析结果;同时随机抽取40份血清进行线性反向探针杂交,比较两者的检测结果,并对11个已知耐药相关突变位点进行分析。结果在93份标本中DNA序列测定法检测到碱基突变113个,其中与LAM相关突变50份（53．78％）,与ADV相关突变6份（6．46％）,与LdT相关突变3份（3．23％）,与ETV相关突变3份（3．23％）;在40份血清中与线性反向探针杂交检测结果一致的突变为87．5％（35140）,氨基酸位点一致为98．0％（431／440）。此外,还检测到V84I、S85C、A181S、L229W、N238T等与耐药相关的突变位点。结论应用线性反向探针杂交检测虽然比较快捷,但其价格昂贵且只能检测已知常见的变异位点;建立在巢式PCR基础上的DNA序列测定法敏感性与线性反向探针杂交法相当,两者检测结果有较高的符合率,但似可检出更多的耐药相关突变。     

新突变致复合杂合子家族性高胆固醇血症家系的基因检测

目的对临床诊断为遗传性高胆固醇血症纯合子患者所在家系成员的相关基因进行突变检测和分析,探讨该病的分子诊断方法和发病的可能分子机制。方法以该家系中3代共6人的基因组DNA为模板,用PCR对低密度脂蛋白受体（LDLR）基因的全部18个外显子和启动子以及载脂蛋白B-100（Apo B-100）基因3500-3531区域进行扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定后对PCR产物直接测序。测序结果与Gene Bank中该基因的正常序列对比找出突变,结合该家系成员临床表型证实突变。结果在ApoB-100的3500-3531区域未发现突变,而在先证者LDLR基因的第4外显子发现新的点突变685delA杂合性腺嘌呤缺失和386A〉G杂合错义突变,其父存在685delA杂合性腺嘌呤缺失,其母存在386A〉G杂合错义突变。结论证实家系先证者是存在LDLR突变的复合杂合子,发现的新的LDLR基因突变位点386A〉G和685delA分别来源于父系和母系的遗传,可能是该家系发病的分子基础。     

Five age-dependently expressed genes in mouse brain revealed by the fluorescence differential display-PCR technique

We used a fluorescence differential display-PCR (FDD-PCR) technique to analyze the genes expressed in mouse brains collected at nine different developmental stages ranging from 3 days to 15 months after birth, and 5 age-dependently expressed genes were found. Age-dependent expression of each of these 5 genes was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Of the 5 genes, 4 (B1-B4) had high homology with the nucleotide sequences of cDNA clones of known mouse genes (myelin proteolipid protein, transferrin, embryo cDNA from the RIKEN full-length enriched library, and protein tyrosine phosphatase), and the rest (B5) with expressed sequence tags of an unknown gene. Sequencing analysis of the full-length cDNA constructed based on the B5 sequence demonstrated that the gene product of B5 was identical to G-substrate, a specific substrate for cGMP-dependent protein kinase. The expression patterns of known genes obtained in our study may provide a further opportunity to investigate the biological and physiological roles of the proteins they encode.     

Identification, isolation, and cloning of growth hormone (GH)-inducible interscapular brown adipose complementary deoxyribonucleic acid from GH antagonist mice.

In a dwarf mouse line that expresses a GH antagonist, we found that the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) mass is significantly greater than that in nontransgenic littermates. We proposed that gene expression in iBAT may be up- or down-regulated by GH. To identify these genes, we employed the PCR-select subtraction approach to construct subtractive libraries from iBAT total RNAs. We have generated forward and reverse subtractive libraries. Clones were screened by differential hybridization and identified by BLAST similarity to expressed sequence tags and complementary DNA sequences. Four novel expressed sequence tags were isolated from the reverse subtractive library. Of them, clone 42, was further analyzed. It encodes a 2475-bp messenger RNA with an open reading frame of 346 amino acids. Northern blot analysis demonstrated two RNA isoforms (2.5 and 1.3 kb) in various tissues. Differential expression of both isoforms was verified in GH antagonist and nontransgenic mouse iBAT. BLAST searches suggested that clone 42 is highly homologous to a gene found in a human female fetal brain and a related gene found in a human pituitary tumor.     

日本血吸虫（中国大陆株）成虫表达序列标签的获取及新基因的发现

运用表达序列标签(Expressed Sequence Tag,EST）技术快速、经济地发现日本血吸虫（中国大陆株）新基因。方法 随机挑取日本血吸虫（中国大陆株）成虫cDNA文库单个重组克隆进行部分测序以获得EST,获得的EST通过BLAST程序同EMBL寄生虫数据库和GenBank数据库进行比较及同源性分析。结果 本研究共随机挑取日本血吸虫（中国大陆株）成虫cDNA文库单个重组克隆200个,获得了76个有EST价值的序列,其中7.9%为日本血吸虫已知序列,5.3%为日本血吸虫同源序列。曼氏血吸虫或其他生物的同源序列占有EST价值的序列的22.4%,未知序列占59.2%。在获得的76个有EST价值的序列中,66个成功在GenBank dbEST中登录。通过同源性分析,发现了一些令人感兴趣的基因。结论 EST方法有助于快速、经济地发现日本血吸虫（中国大陆株）成虫新基因。     

恶性疟原虫FCC1/HN株新抗原表达序列标记位(ESTs)的获得

目的： 以筛选恶性疟原虫ＦＣＣ１／ＨＮ 株λｇｔ１１ ｃＤＮＡ 表达文库所获得的强阳性克隆作基础, 对上述强阳性克隆的ｃＤＮＡ 插入片段进行ＤＮＡ 序列测定, 阐明相对应的新表达序列标签 （ＥＳＴｓ）, 作为发现新抗原基因的线索。方法：以ｃＤＮＡ 表达文库接头的较长链作ＰＣＲ引物、扩增ｃＤＮＡ 插入片段,将扩增产物克隆入Ｍ１３ ｍ ｐ１８测序载体, 进行部分ＤＮＡ 序列测定、编辑, 将之在ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ 中进行ＤＮＡ 序列同源性搜索比较和分析。结果： 获得１ 个Ｃ０３ 序列为已知恶性疟原虫热休克蛋白７０－２ 基因片段, 发现５ 个新的具有抗原意义的恶性疟原虫表达序列标记位 （ＥＳＴｓ）。结论： 这５ 个新的恶性疟原虫表达序列标记位为发现新的恶性疟原虫抗原基因奠定了基础。     

The pattern of gene expression in human CD34+ stem/progenitor cells

We have analyzed the pattern of gene expression in human primary CD34(+) stem/progenitor cells. We identified 42,399 unique serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) tags among 106,021 SAGE tags collected from 2.5 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells purified from bone marrow. Of these unique SAGE tags, 21,546 matched known expressed sequences, including 3,687 known genes, and 20,854 were novel without a match. The SAGE tags that matched known sequences tended to be at higher levels, whereas the novel SAGE tags tended to be at lower levels. By using the generation of longer sequences from SAGE tags for gene identification (GLGI) method, we identified the correct gene for 385 of 440 high-copy SAGE tags that matched multiple genes and we generated 198 novel 3' expressed sequence tags from 138 high-copy novel SAGE tags. We observed that many different SAGE tags were derived from the same genes, reflecting the high heterogeneity of the 3' untranslated region in the expressed genes. We compared the quantitative relationship for genes known to be important in hematopoiesis. The qualitative identification and quantitative measure for each known gene, expressed sequence tag, and novel SAGE tag provide a base for studying normal gene expression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and for studying abnormal gene expression in hematopoietic diseases.     

肝硬化患者发生的肝细胞癌差异表达基因文库的构建及初步筛选

目的 与肝硬化对比，研究肝细胞癌中差异表达的基因，构建在肝硬化基础上发生癌变的肝细胞之差异表达的cDNA消减文库。方法 采用抑制性消减杂交获得差异表达基因片段，T/A克隆，蓝白斑筛选，在自动测序仪上进行基因测序，做同源性表达序列标签长度在112-755bp之间，序列分析揭示28个克隆是来自以前描述过的基因，而另外7个在GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ数据库没有匹配序列，可能代表新基因。结论 实验结果表明从肝硬化发展至肝细胞癌涉及到多个基因的差异表达；本研究在成功地构建出流水作消减基因文库的同时，也证明了抑制性消减杂交技术对寻找差异表达基因是十分适用的。     

A catalogue of genes in the cardiovascular system as identified by expressed sequence tags.

The heart, which is composed of all the cellular components of the circulatory system, is a representative organ for obtaining genes expressed in the cardiovascular system in normal and disease states. We used partial sequences of cDNA clones, or expressed sequence tags, to identify and tag genes expressed in this organ. More than 3500 partial sequences representing > 3000 cDNA clones have been obtained from either the 5' or 3' end of inserts derived from human heart cDNA libraries. Of 3132 cDNA clones analyzed by sequence similarity searching against the GenBank/EMBL data bases, 1485 (47.4%) were found to represent additional, previously undiscovered genes, whereas 267 clones were matched to human brain expressed sequence tags. Clones matching to known genes were catalogued according to their putative structural and cellular functions. cDNA probes from reverse-transcribed mRNAs of fetal and adult hearts were used to study differential expression of selected clones in cardiac development. Cataloguing genes expressed in the heart may provide insight into the genes involved in health and cardiovascular disease.     

序列标签法寻找日本血吸虫新基因

目的　寻找日本血吸虫新的疫苗候选分子 ,通过构建基因的反义核酸表达载体进行基因性质功能研究。　方法　运用表达序列标签法寻找并获得日本血吸虫新基因 ,对未知基因进行功能分析 ,并构建反义真核表达载体。　结果　获得表达序列标签 JAYL0 2 30的全长 c DNA序列 ,其推导氨基酸序列与人类和猪等生物的抗凋亡因子 1具有同源性 ,将之反向克隆入真核表达载体 p EGFP- N3中。　结论　表达序列标签法与生物信息技术结合有利于寻找新基因 ,反义核酸载体的构建为进一步研究基因功能提供帮助     

Genome-wide expression profiling of mid-gestation placenta and embryo using a 15,000 mouse developmental cDNA microarray

cDNA microarray technology has been increasingly used to monitor global gene expression patterns in various tissues and cell types. However, applications to mammalian development have been hampered by the lack of appropriate cDNA collections, particularly for early developmental stages. To overcome this problem, a PCR-based cDNA library construction method was used to derive 52,374 expressed sequence tags from pre- and peri-implantation embryos, embryonic day (E) 12.5 female gonad/mesonephros, and newborn ovary. From these cDNA collections, a microarray representing 15,264 unique genes (78% novel and 22% known) was assembled. In initial applications, the divergence of placental and embryonic gene expression profiles was assessed. At stage E12.5 of development, based on triplicate experiments, 720 genes (6.5%) displayed statistically significant differences in expression between placenta and embryo. Among 289 more highly expressed in placenta, 61 placenta-specific genes encoded, for example, a novel prolactin-like protein. The number of genes highly expressed (and frequently specific) for placenta has thereby been increased 5-fold over the total previously reported, illustrating the potential of the microarrays for tissue-specific gene discovery and analysis of mammalian developmental programs.