高强度超声治疗早期兔肝脏肿瘤

目的 探讨高强度超声（ＨＩＶ）治疗早期兔肝ＶＸ２肿瘤（病毒诱导的兔鳞癌）的有效性和安全性。方法 实验分３组,移植肿瘤后５ｄ,Ａ组（ｎ＝８）接受假照治疗;Ｂ组（ｎ＝２）接受ＨＩＵ治疗;Ｃ组（ｎ＝８）接受手术治疗。从Ｂ组中任选４只兔于治疗后２ｄ处死,对靶区进行病理学检查。在ＨＩＵ治疗过程中,测量靶区组织温度变化。检查兔肝肾功能,记录兔生存时间。结果 靶区组织发生坏死,靶区外的组织不受损伤。靶区温度达８５℃,靶区外０．５ｍｍ处仅升高２℃。Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ组中位生存时间分别为５４、１５０、１５０ｄ;治愈率为０、７５．０、６２．５;Ｂ、Ｃ两组较Ａ组生存时间明显延长（Ｐ〈０．０５）;Ｂ、Ｃ两组间生存时间和治愈率差异无显著性（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论 ＨＩＵ能较有效安全地治疗早期兔肝ＶＸ２肿瘤。     

碘化油协同高功率聚焦超声对肝癌的治疗作用

目的 观察碘化油协同高功率聚焦超声（ＨＩＦＵ），杀伤裸鼠皮下ＬＴＮＭ４肝癌疗效。方法 碘化油以０．３～０．４ｍｌ／只行瘤内直接注射，国产ＨＩＦＵ样机以１．１ＭＨｚ７５０Ｗ／ｃｍ＾２，２０ｓ照射。结果 ＨＩＦＵ照射组Ⅲ和碘化油注射＋ＨＩＦＵ组Ⅲ显著抑制肿瘤生长，治疗后第４周，抑瘤率分别为８７％和９３％，较对照组Ｉ和单纯碘化油注射组Ⅱ有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）Ⅲ组，Ⅳ组生存期较Ｉ组和Ⅱ组明显延长（Ｐ     

高能聚焦超声治疗膀胱肿瘤的实验研究

为探索高能聚焦超声经腹治疗小鼠膀胱肿瘤的可行性，采用同系移植技术建立小鼠膀胱可移植性移行细胞癌模型，观察：１．ＨＩＦＵ对膀胱荷瘤鼠生存期的影响；２．荷瘤鼠生存曲线的变化；３．ＨＩＦＵ对荷瘤肿瘤体积及肿瘤重量的影响；４靶区肿瘤组织以及邻近组织超微结构变化。     

高能聚焦超声对小鼠移植性膀胱肿瘤的杀伤效应及免疫功能的影响

采用同系移植技术建立了小鼠皮下移植性膀胱肿瘤模型，利用自行研制的高能聚焦超声（ＨＩＦＵ）治疗仪对荷瘤鼠进行辐照研究，观察ＨＩＦＵ对移植性膀胱肿瘤的杀伤效应及对宿主免疫功能的影响。结果：平均生存期治疗组３７．２０±８．２２天，对照组１４．０７±２．４６天，抑瘤率８５％，ＨＩＦＵ可导致移植性肿瘤凝固坏死性损伤，１周时，损伤最为明显，且境界清楚，此时，宿主血粒细胞，脾脏ＮＫ细胞，Ｔ淋巴细胞功能等指标显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；２周时，上述免疫指标虽低于１周组，但和对照组比较，仍明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：ＨＩＦＵ可导致移植性肿瘤坏死性损伤，增强宿主的细胞免疫功能     

芬太尼,阿芬太尼对低氧性肺血管收缩的影响

用家兔ＨＰＶ模型研究芬太尼和阿芬太尼对低氧性肺血管收缩（ＨＰＶ）的影响。３０只家兔随机分为三组，低氧组、芬太尼组和阿芬太尼组，每组均经三次低氧。芬太尼组和阿芬太尼组，三次低氧时药物浓度分别为２．３×１０－４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、４．６×１０－４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、６．９×１０－４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１．３×１０－３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、２．６×１０－３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、３．９×１０－３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。与低氧组相比，芬太尼及低浓度阿芬太尼对ＨＰＶ无影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。而３．９×１０－３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，阿芬太尼时明显抑制ＨＰＶ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示阿芬太尼抑制ＨＰＶ与剂量相关。低氧前后灌流液中ＰＧＩ２和ＴＸＡ２的浓度测定，发现ＰＧＩ２／ＴＸＡ２平衡改变可能参与阿芬太尼抑制ＨＰＶ。     

巨大左心室瓣膜病的外科治疗

提高巨大左心室病人瓣膜替换术的手术疗效。方法回顾性分析３７例施行瓣膜替换术的巨大左心室病人。术前平均ＥＤＤ７６．１ｍｍ，ＥＳＤ５６．１ｍｍ，ＥＦ０．５１，ＦＳ０．２６；心功能Ⅲ级９例，Ⅳ级２８例。ＡＶＲ１３例，ＭＶＲ１７例，ＡＶＲ＋ＭＶＲ７例。结果术后早期发生心、肺、肝，肾等重要器官并发症１７例，死亡２例。     

左右冠状动脉右室瘘1例

病儿男,４岁。生后４０天发现心脏杂音。查体：胸骨左缘第３、４肋间可闻及２～３／ＶＩ级全收缩期杂音,Ｐ２亢进、分裂。心电图示窦性心律。Ｘ线胸片示肺动脉段饱满,肺血增多,心胸比率０．５１。多普勒超声心动图示左房、右室增大,肌部室间隔中断８．３ｍｍ×５．１...     

去除外骨膜对引导性再生模型成骨过程的影响

目的 研究去除外骨髓对引导性骨再生成骨过程的影响。方法 对２４只新西兰兔双侧桡骨制作１０ｍｍ骨缺损，一侧保留外骨膜并用硅胶管连接，另一侧于缺损两端各去除外骨膜１０ｍｍ，其余手术方法相同，动物分别于术后３天和１、２、３、４、６、１０、１２周处死，标本行Ｘ线、非脱钙骨切片组织学检查。结果 （１）去除外骨膜后对于膜管内、膜管外成骨过程均无影响；（２）外骨膜生发层中的成骨细胞与哈弗系统中央管内及骨表面的成     

引导性骨再生过程的实验研究

本实验用３５只新西兰兔研究长管状骨引导性骨再生。手术的方法造成双侧兔桡骨中段１０ｍｍ骨缺损。实验侧用缝合成管状的硅胶膜来连接。另一侧作对照。６组分别于术后３天，１、２、３、４、１２周处死，标本行Ｘ线片，组织学检查。早期，大量增殖的纤维细胞被硅膜阻挡在骨缺损区之外，而对照侧骨缺损很快为结缔组织占据。新骨自骨端沿硅管内血肿向骨缺损中央生长。１２周时，１０只兔中有７只实验侧骨缺损已修复，２只近愈合，１只     

主动脉瓣替换术后近期及晚期左心室功能随访

目的：评价主动脉瓣替换（ＡＶＲ）术后左心功能的近期及其远期效果。方法：对１９７８年１２月至１９９６年１２月期间连续１２９例单纯行ＡＶＲ的病人进行分析。结果：术前Ｂ超示左心室舒张末期内径（ＬＶＥＤＤ）、收缩末期内径（ＬＶＥＳＤ）分别为（６４．５±９．３）ｍｍ、（４４．７±９．９）ｍｍ,术后１４天至３个月分别为（５１．９±７．２）ｍｍ、（３１．５±４．５）ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）;术后１～２年分别为（４７．６±６．１）ｍｍ、（２９．５±５．４）ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。手术死亡率３．９％。术后随访６个月至１６年,平均４．４年,累计随访５０１病人·年。晚期死亡６例（１．２％病人·年）,５年及１０年生存率分别为８９．３％、７７．３％。血栓栓塞及与抗凝有关的出血率分别为０．８％病人·年、１．０％病人·年。结论：ＡＶＲ术后９５％病人的心功能恢复至Ｉ或Ｉ级,长期效果满意。故主动脉瓣病变、ＬＶＥＤＤ扩大并出现症状的病人,应行主动脉瓣替换术。     

高强度聚焦超声联合纳米微泡造影剂对兔VX2乳腺移植瘤辐照效果的影响

目的观察高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）联合纳米微泡对兔VX2乳腺移植瘤辐照效果的影响。方法制备纳米微泡,于光镜、电镜下观测微泡的大小、形态、分布及稳定性。采用Zeta SIZIER 3000电位仪测定微泡的粒径、电位。60只健康纯种雌性新西兰白兔,麻醉后种植VX2肿瘤于双侧乳腺组织内。2周后,选取乳腺区肿瘤组织直径大小为10mm的兔进行实验,随机分为实验组（HIFU＋纳米微泡）和对照组（HIFU＋磷酸盐缓冲液）,辐照剂量150 W,辐照时间5s,记录HIFU辐照前后灰阶变化,辐照后行HE染色观察坏死区域大小,并进行统计学分析。结果成功制备纳米微泡,其理化性质稳定,粒径大小合理,电位均衡。实验组靶区平均灰度差明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。HE染色示实验组发生凝固性坏死范围明显大于对照组（P〈0.001）。结论纳米微泡能明显增强的损伤效果。     

Experimental studies on the effect of local irradiation on pulmonary metastasis

The enhancement of pulmonary metastasis by local irradiation of primary tumor was investigated using Lewis lung cancer (3LL) and C57BL mice. One million 3LL cells were implanted at foot pads of mice and 7 days after the tumor-bearing legs were irradiated locally (60 Gy). Seven days after irradiation, mice were sacrificed and pulmonary metastatic nodules were counted. So it was confirmed that the pulmonary metastasis of tumor-irradiation group was enhanced significantly compared with control group and sham radiation group. The tumor-bearing legs were amputated just after, 1 day and 3 days after irradiation and pulmonary metastatic nodules were counted 7 days after irradiation. The pulmonary metastasis of mice whose legs were amputated 3 days after irradiation were enhanced significantly compared with control, though in other 2 groups pulmonary metastasis was not enhanced. So it was speculated that the enhancement of pulmonary metastasis needs remaining of irradiated tumor in bodies of mice for a certain period. It was confirmed by Winn assay that spleen cells of mice bearing irradiated tumors had an enhancing effect on tumor cells. And by Winn assay with pretreatment of cyclophosphamide, it was speculated that the enhancing effect was originated from suppressor T lymphocytes. So it was speculated that an enhancement of pulmonary metastasis by tumor irradiation was resulted from induction of suppressor T lymphocytes.     

载阿霉素的液-固相变型原位凝胶注射治疗兔VX2肝癌HIFU消融后残癌

目的观察载阿霉素液一固相变型原位注射凝胶（DOX-ISFI）治疗高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）消融兔、,x2肝癌后残癌的疗效。方法以24只兔建立VX2肝癌模型,对肿瘤行HIFU不全消融,随机分为HIFU消融与DOX—ISFI联合治疗组（HIFU＋DOX—ISFI组）、HIFU消融与空白液一固相变原位注射凝胶联合治疗组（HIFU＋N—ISFI组）,每组12只,比较两组肿瘤生长率、PCNA表达情况,并以冰冻切片荧光显像观测药物瘤内分布。结果处理后HIFU＋DOX—ISFI组肿瘤生长明显减慢,其生长率明显低于HIFU＋N—ISFI组（P〈O．05）;HIFU十D0X-ISFI组肿瘤增殖指数明显低于HIFU＋N—ISFI组（P〈0．05）;荧光显像姓示药物从注射中心向剧围呈阶梯状分布。结论DOXISFI能钉效治疗HIFUiVX2肝癌后的残癌。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗兔乳腺移植瘤后残留肿瘤对机体的影响

目的观察高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗兔乳腺移植瘤后残留肿瘤对机体的作用。方法将33只实验兔分为HIFU组、手术组和对照组,分别用HIFU消融和手术切除的方法建立兔乳腺移植瘤治疗后肿瘤残留模型,病理检查确认消融效果。治疗后观察存活时间及肿瘤转移情况。结果HIFU组平均存活时间、8周存活率、腋淋巴结转移时间均长于手术组和对照组（P〈0.05）,手术组、对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论HIFU治疗肿瘤后能有效抑制残留肿瘤的生长和转移,延长荷瘤兔生存时间。     

Ablation of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Combined with SonoVue on Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumors: Assessment with Conventional Gray-Scale US, Conventional Color/Power Doppler US, Contrast-Enhanced Color Doppler US, and Contrast-Enhanced Pulse-Inversion Harmonic US

Background  We investigated effects of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with contrast agent SonoVue on rabbit VX2 liver tumors by using conventional gray-scale ultrasonography (US), color/power Doppler (CD/PD) US, contrast-enhanced color Doppler (CE CD) US, and contrast-enhanced pulse-inversion harmonic (CE PIH) US. Methods  Fourteen days after implantation of VX2 tumors in livers of 50 rabbits, animals were randomly separated into two groups. Based on principles of HIFU, the volume of the tumor was divided into several parallel “planes” to be ablated. Before ablation on each “plane,” 0.2 mL SonoVue was injected in bolus via ear veins of rabbits in group II and normal saline solution was administrated in group I. Conventional gray-scale US, CD US, PD US, CE CD US, and CE PIH US were performed before and after ablation. Results  Twenty-three surviving rabbits in each group underwent HIFU ablation. Conventional gray-scale US showed ablated areas diffusely hyperechoic. On CE PIH US, coagulated areas presented perfusion defect. Both conventional gray-scale US and CE PIH US showed the ablated volume in group II was larger than that in group I. CD US and PD US demonstrated residual vessels in periphery ablated areas in group I, but no residual vessels in group II. CE CD US and CE PIH US depicted less residual vessels in periphery ablated areas in group II than that in group I. Conclusion  By enlarging ablated volume of tissue and reducing residual vessels, effects of HIFU ablation on rabbit VX2 liver tumors were enhanced by contrast agent SonoVue.     

Comparison of cryotherapy and nephrectomy in treating implanted VX-2 carcinoma in rabbit kidneys

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of cryoablation and radical nephrectomy for treating implanted VX-2 carcinoma in rabbit kidneys. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pilot study was conducted using 27 New Zealand white rabbits to assess the natural history of VX-2 carcinoma in the kidney. VX-2 tumour segments (1 mm(3)) were excised from subcutaneous tumours in carrier rabbits and implanted in the left kidney of study rabbits. The tumours were allowed to grow for 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 18, 21 and 28 days after implantation. Tumour progression was analysed in the kidney and surrounding serosa, and metastatic tumour presence in the lung, liver, spleen and bladder determined. After this, 80 rabbits were implanted with VX-2 in the lower pole and randomized into one of three groups: group 1, 35 rabbits treated 7 days after VX-2 implantation with cryoablation using a 15-min double-freeze technique and a 5-mm tumour margin target temperature of - 20 degrees C; group 2, 35 rabbits treated with open radical nephrectomy; or group 3, 10 untreated controls. Rabbits were maintained for 22 days and then killed; the kidneys, lungs, liver, spleen, urinary bladder and ureter were removed, and examined grossly and histologically for tumour presence. RESULTS: In the pilot study there was a consistent 50-100 mm(3) tumour after 7 days of growth, with no evidence of metastatic disease. By day 10 the mean kidney tumour was 230 mm(3) and two of three rabbits had metastases in the lung. By day 18 the mean primary tumour was 5504 mm(3) and all rabbits had metastatic disease. In the comparison study, cryotherapy cured 66% of implanted rabbits while nephrectomy cured 64%. All untreated controls had significant local and metastatic tumours. Findings in animals killed at 15 days after treatment showed significant differences between both treatment groups and untreated controls (P < 0.002). There was no difference in disease-free survival between the cryotherapy and open nephrectomy groups (P = 0.78) CONCLUSION: Both cryoablation and radical nephrectomy were effective in treating implanted VX-2 renal tumours compared with untreated controls. There was no statistically significant difference between cryoablation and nephrectomy.     

Long-term survival after surgical resection of liver metastasis from lung cancer

Lung cancer metastasis to the liver indicates a poor prognosis, and the majority of patients with metastatic disease to the liver are not indicated for surgery because of the number or distribution of metastases or the presence of extrahepatic disease. We herein describe a case of long-term survival after a surgical resection of liver metastases from lung cancer. Six months after surgery for Stage IB primary lung adenocarcinoma, a 71-year-old male was found to have a metastatic tumor in his liver. A hepatic resection for the metastatic tumor and another small metastatic foci found intraoperatively was carried out, and the tumors were pathologically diagnosed as liver metastases from lung cancer. The patient is presently alive and well without recurrence, as of 5 years and 2 months after the liver resection. This is the first report of the successful surgical treatment of liver metastasis from lung cancer.     

High-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of experimental liver cancer

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was used to treat Morris rat hepatoma 3924A implanted in the liver. Treatment was administered with a lens-focused 4-MHz transducer that created a focused beam of 550 W/cm2 at peak intensity. One hundred twelve rats with liver tumors were divided into two groups of 56 each. Group 1 received HIFU therapy while group 2 (the control group) did not. All rats were killed immediately or 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days after treatment. Eight rats in each group were killed at each interval for pathologic and biochemical studies. Significant inhibition of the tumor growth was seen in the HIFU-treated group, with tumor growth inhibition rates of 65.4% to 93.1% from the third to the 28th day after treatment. Ultrasound-treated tumors showed direct thermal cytotoxic necrosis and fibrosis. An additional 56 ACl rats with liver tumors were divided into four groups of 14 each. Group 1 received doxorubicin hydrochloride intraperitoneally and HIFU therapy; group 2, HIFU therapy; group 3, doxorubicin hydrochloride; and group 4 (the control group), neither HIFU nor doxorubicin hydrochloride. Significantly improved survival rates were noted in HIFU-treated animals (groups 1 and 2) compared with those of groups 3 and 4. These data suggest that HIFU may be a useful method for local treatment of hepatic tumors.     

高强度聚焦超声治疗兔肾癌细胞株VX2的CT动态观察

目的 评估CT在高强度聚焦超声治疗兔VX2肾癌近期随访中的价值。方法 纯种新西兰白兔14只，建立原位肾癌动物模型。所有兔行CT检查后随机分成2组：对照组（5只），行高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）假照射，1月后CT检查；治疗组（9只），HIFU治疗后1周、1个月和2个月行CT检查。结果 （1）肿瘤强化：治疗前，所有肿瘤都有强化。对照组肿瘤在假照射后1个月依然都有强化；治疗组在治疗后1周，66．7％的肿瘤强化消失；治疗后1个月，88．9％的肿瘤强化消失；治疗后2个月和1个月相比肿瘤强化无明显变化。（2）肿瘤钙化：治疗后1月，治疗组77．8％的肿瘤出现钙化，对照组肿瘤始终无钙化。（3）肿瘤体积：对照组兔处死前的末次CT检查测得肿瘤体积和解剖后测得肿瘤体积比较，配对t检验，差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；同法比较治疗组肿瘤体积，差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。（4）治疗前CT测得体积和HIFU治疗点数之间有较好相关性（r=0．667，P＜0．05）。（5）病理观察：治疗后肿瘤细胞凝固性坏死，随访期中示纤维化、钙化改变；未治疗肿瘤生长旺盛。病理和CT结果一致。结论 CT检查可以为制定HIFU治疗计划提供参考；CT可以作为HIFU治疗肾癌后良好的随访手段；CT随访宜在治疗后1个月进行。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤对骶骨影响因素探讨

目的探讨HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤影响骶骨MR的因素。方法子宫肌瘤患者52例,根据子宫位置分为前位、后位、中位三组;依肌瘤位置分为前壁、后壁、侧壁三组;按肌瘤类型分为肌壁间肌瘤、浆膜下肌瘤、黏膜下肌瘤三组;根据肌瘤体积分为〈47 mm3和≥47 mm3两组;按肌瘤距骶骨的距离分为〈30 mm,≥30 mm两组;按HIFU辐照时间分为〈2500 s和≥2500 s两组;根据治疗能量分为〈700 000 J和≥700 000 J两组;按治疗最大功率分为〈340 W和≥340 W两组。采用χ2检验分析骶骨影响的相关因素。结果〈30 mm组较≥30 mm组易导致骶骨出现异常MR信号（P〈0.01）;HIFU辐照时间≥2500 s较易引起骶骨MR异常信号;治疗能量≥700 000 J较易导致骶骨MR异常信号;骶骨MR异常信号与子宫位置、肌瘤位置、肌瘤类型、肌瘤体积及HIFU治疗最大功率无显著相关性（P〉0.05）。结论肌瘤骶骨间的距离、HIFU治疗能量、辐照时间在高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤中可能对患者骶骨出现异常MR信号起一定的作用。