超长蒂颞浅筋膜岛状皮瓣修复鼻部缺损

目的介绍超长蒂颞浅动脉筋膜岛状皮瓣修复鼻翼缺损的手术方式.方法 29例外伤性鼻缺损,其中采用颞浅动脉额支筋膜岛状皮瓣修复12例,颞浅动脉顶支筋膜岛状耳后皮瓣修复14例,预制颞浅动脉顶支筋膜耳后皮瓣3例.结果 27例皮瓣的颜色、质地和形态良好,疗效满意;2例出现皮瓣部分坏死,需再次修复手术.结论超长蒂颞浅动脉筋膜岛状皮瓣治疗鼻尖、鼻小柱及鼻翼缺损,供区损伤小,受区颜色形状好;并且预制的超长蒂颞浅动脉筋膜岛状耳后皮瓣血运可靠,可一次解决衬里问题,此皮瓣是修复鼻尖、鼻翼缺损的好方法.     

岛状皮瓣修复瘢痕性睑外翻

目的 探讨眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣与颞浅动脉蒂反流轴型耳后岛状皮瓣在修复瘢痕性睑外翻中的应用,提高睑外翻矫正后所致皮肤缺损的美学修复效果.方法 自1998年2月以来,对18例瘢痕性睑外翻, 采用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣旋转180°移位修复13例,皮瓣最大面积2.7 cm×3.6 cm; 采用颞浅动脉蒂反流轴型耳后岛状皮瓣经面部皮下隧道转移修复5例,皮瓣最大面积 3.1 cm×5.4 cm.结果 1例反流轴型耳后岛状皮瓣术后出现静脉回流障碍,经对症处理后仅皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死,Ⅱ期植皮后治愈,其余17例皮瓣完全成活.随访6个月,睑外翻矫正,皮瓣颜色、质地与眼周皮肤相近,供区瘢痕不明显.结论 根据睑外翻程度,可制备颞部岛状皮瓣或耳后岛状皮瓣转移.前者适用于修复较小面积的皮肤缺损,后者适用于修复较大面积的皮肤缺损.     

超长蒂颞浅筋膜岛状皮瓣修复鼻部缺损

目的介绍超长蒂颞浅动脉筋膜岛状皮瓣修复鼻翼缺损的手术方式。方法29例外伤性鼻缺损，其中采用颞浅动脉额支筋膜岛状皮瓣修复12例，颞浅动脉顶支筋膜岛状耳后皮瓣修复14例。预制颞浅动脉顶支筋膜耳后皮瓣3例。结果27例皮瓣的颜色、质地和形态良好。疗效满意；2例出现皮瓣部分坏死，需再次修复手术。结论超长蒂颞浅动脉筋膜岛状皮瓣治疗鼻尖、鼻小柱及鼻翼缺损，供区损伤小，受区颜色形状好；并且预制的超长蒂颞浅动脉筋膜岛状耳后皮瓣血运可靠，可一次解决衬里问题，此皮瓣是修复鼻尖、鼻翼缺损的好方法。     

岛状皮瓣修复瘢痕性睑外翻

目的探讨眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣与颞浅动脉蒂反流轴型耳后岛状皮瓣在修复瘢痕性睑外翻中的应用,提高睑外翻矫正后所致皮肤缺损的美学修复效果。方法自1998年2月以来,对18例瘢痕性睑外翻,采用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣旋转180°移位修复13例,皮瓣最大面积2.7cm×3.6cm;采用颞浅动脉蒂反流轴型耳后岛状皮瓣经面部皮下隧道转移修复5例,皮瓣最大面积3.1cm×5.4cm。结果1例反流轴型耳后岛状皮瓣术后出现静脉回流障碍,经对症处理后仅皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死,Ⅱ期植皮后治愈,其余17例皮瓣完全成活。随访6个月,睑外翻矫正,皮瓣颜色、质地与眼周皮肤相近,供区瘢痕不明显。结论根据睑外翻程度,可制备颞部岛状皮瓣或耳后岛状皮瓣转移。前者适用于修复较小面积的皮肤缺损,后者适用于修复较大面积的皮肤缺损。     

血管移植皮瓣预构技术在额部扩张皮瓣中的应用

目的 寻求一种解决以颞浅血管额支为蒂的额部扩张岛状皮瓣术后容易出现静脉同流的方法.方法 手术分两期进行.Ⅰ期,在额肌下剥离,形成适当大小的囊腔,然后以颢浅血管顶支为蒂,形成颞顶筋膜瓣,转移至额部皮瓣下,舒展同定于额肌下面,于筋膜瓣下埋置扩张器;Ⅱ期,取出扩张器,以颞浅血管额支和转移带血运的筋膜瓣为蒂,形成额部扩张岛状皮瓣,转移、修复面部皮肤缺损.结果 自2004年以来,临床应用3例,均为烧伤后面部瘢痕患者,术后皮瓣全部成活,无静脉淤血等皮瓣回流不畅的情况出现.结论 将血管移植皮瓣预构技术应用到传统的以颞浅血管额支为蒂的额部扩张岛状皮瓣,不增加治疗时间,可有效地缓解皮瓣移植后的静脉回流问题,是解决额部扩张岛状皮瓣术后静脉回流问题的有效方法之一.     

颞浅动静脉岛状瓣修复副鼻开放性缺损

目的:探讨应用颞浅动静脉双蒂岛状组织瓣修复副鼻窦开放性损伤的方法.方法:对上颌窦、额窦开放性缺损12例患者,利用同侧颞浅动脉、静脉作为供养血管,形成颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣和额支额部岛状皮瓣,通过皮下组织隧道将组织块移植到缺损的副鼻窦区,进行副鼻窦窦腔的充填和皮肤缺损的修复. 结果:12例患者,颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣及额支额部岛状皮瓣全部成活,切口愈合良好.随访观察9例,随访时间为6个月至3年,凹陷区填充效果满意,两侧对称性好.3例患者失访.结论:利用颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣和额支额部岛状皮瓣修复副鼻窦开放性损伤,不需吻合血管,操作较简单,易于成活,术后外观满意,是较好的修复方法.     

颞浅动静脉岛状瓣修复副鼻窦开放性缺损

目的：探讨应用颞浅动静脉双蒂岛状组织瓣修复副鼻窦开放性损伤的方法。方法：对上颌窦、额窦开放性缺损12例患者,利用同侧颞浅动脉、静脉作为供养血管,形成颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣和额支额部岛状皮瓣,通过皮下组织隧道将组织块移植到缺损的副鼻窦区,进行副鼻窦窦腔的充填和皮肤缺损的修复。结果：12例患者,颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣及额支额部岛状皮瓣全部成活,切口愈合良好。随访观察9例,随访时间为6个月至3年,凹陷区填充效果满意,两侧对称性好。3例患者失访。结论：利用颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣和额支额部岛状皮瓣修复副鼻窦开放性损伤,不需吻合血管,操作较简单,易于成活,术后外观满意,是较好的修复方法。     

岛状皮瓣一期修复眼睑分裂痣的设计与技巧

目的 探讨应用邻位及远位岛状皮瓣一期修复眼睑分裂痣的设计与技巧.方法 切除眼睑分裂痣上、下睑病变后,根据缺损的部位、形态及面积,选择应用眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣、耳后SMAS蒂岛状皮瓣或逆行颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣一期修复上、下睑皮肤缺损,供区均直接缝合.结果 2003年以来,共收治患者16例,其中应用眼轮匝肌肌皮瓣10例,耳后SMAS筋膜蒂皮瓣3例及逆行颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣3例.切除痣体的最大面积上睑为2.5 cm ×2.0 cm,下睑为4.0 cm×3.0 cm.1例耳后SMAS筋膜蒂皮瓣及1例逆行颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣术后出现皮瓣远端静脉回流障碍、部分表皮坏死,经换药后自行愈合,其余14例皮瓣全部成活良好.结论 根据病变的部位、形态和面积等选择合适的邻位或远位岛状皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣切除术后皮肤缺损,效果满意,且供区隐蔽、无继发畸形.     

颞顶筋膜岛状瓣植入耳后乳突区预制扩张筋膜皮瓣修复面部皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨一种较好的修复面部皮肤软组织缺损的手术方法。方法手术分两期进行。一期手术时,以颞浅动静脉为蒂,掀起颞顶浅筋膜岛状瓣,沿同侧发际线切开,在耳后乳突区皮下剥离,形成适当大小的囊腔,将颞顶筋膜瓣转移至囊腔内,适当固定,于筋膜瓣下放置皮肤扩张器;扩张完毕后,取出扩张器,以颞浅动静脉为蒂,掀起耳后乳突区预制岛状筋膜皮瓣,用于面部皮肤缺损的修复。结果自1999年以来,临床应用9例,其中面部黑痣2例,面部血管瘤2例,面部瘢痕5例。颞顶筋膜岛状皮瓣蒂长5.5~7cm,平均6.2cm,筋膜瓣面积4cm×3cm~7cm×7cm,平均5.7cm×4.9cm,预制筋膜皮瓣面积为5cm×5cm~8.0cm×7.5cm,平均6.4cm×6.1cm;术后皮瓣全部成活,供瓣区直接拉拢缝合者5例,另行皮片移植修复者4例。结论颞顶筋膜皮瓣血管蒂长,转移方便,血运丰富,耳后乳突区皮肤在质地、色泽、厚度等方面均与面部皮肤最为接近,是一种良好的修复面部皮肤软组织缺损的方法。     

额部皮瓣在面颊部缺损修复中的应用

目的 报道额部岛状皮瓣在面颊部缺损修复中的应用. 方法 根据面颊部缺损的情况分别采用额部岛状皮瓣转移、局部组织翻转形成衬里加额部皮瓣转移、额部皮瓣内面植皮转移等方法进行修复. 结果 本组16例,缺损最大10 cm×6 cm,最小3 cm×2 cm.额部皮瓣转移修复颊部皮肤缺损7例;局部黏膜或皮肤翻转衬里加额部皮瓣修复皮肤缺损6例,额部皮瓣内侧植皮作为衬里3例.除1例额部皮瓣坏死及2例皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死外,余皮瓣成活良好,色泽正常,面颊部外形及功能恢复良好. 结论 额部岛状皮瓣血供可靠、血管蒂长、色泽良好、操作简单,是修复面颊部缺损的较好方法.     

小腿后侧岛状筋膜皮瓣血供的解剖观察及临床应用

目的 研究小腿后侧岛状筋膜皮瓣的血供基础,评价该岛状皮瓣修复膝关节前区组织缺损的临床效果.方法 通过文献回顾总结,在8具16侧尸体小腿后区解剖学研究基础上,临床应用以小腿外侧腓肠浅血管和外侧腓肠皮神经为蒂的岛状筋膜皮瓣,修复膝关节前区组织缺损共10例.结果 小腿后区浅层共有外侧、中间、内侧3套腓肠浅血管系统,它们分别从膪动脉直接发出,或从两侧供养腓肠肌的腓肠动脉发出,而小腿外侧腓肠浅血管的出现率为100%.临床共应用10例,9例完全成活,1例远端1/4部分坏死,经换药后愈合.术后随访6～12个月,皮瓣质地柔软,外形满意,感觉良好.结论 小腿后侧岛状筋膜皮瓣是一个血供稳定、丰富,含有丰富保护性感觉神经的皮瓣,是修复膝关节周围软组织缺损的较好方法.     

Reconstruction of Scalp Defects Using Simple Designed Bilobed Flap

We have devised a novel rational method to design a bilobed flap. In our method, two triangle flaps are designed; the angle of the first flap is three-fourths the angle of a rhombus at the defect site, and the angle of the second flap is also three-fourths that of the first flap. We have successfully performed reconstruction of scalp defects as large as 50 × 45 mm using simple designed bilobed flaps. The location of the defect was the parietal region in 10 cases, the frontal region in 6 cases, the temporal region in 3 cases, and the occipital region in one case. The advantages of this method for use in reconstruction of scalp defects are as follows: (1) the dispersion tension on the flap provides stable circulation and prevents expansion of scar formation; (2) since the suture line is zigzag, alopecia at the suture line can be hidden under the hair; (3) since this flap is a random pattern flap using galea aponeurotica with blood flow to the skin, flap design is possible for any part of the scalp; and (4) design and elevation of this flap are easy and do not take much time.     

Transinterosseous transfer of a peroneal island flap for reconstruction of prepatellar skin defect: report of two patients.

We describe the use of a peroneal vascular transinterosseous island flap for the resurfacing of a prepatellar skin defect in 2 patients. Being a fasciocutaneous flap, the peroneal flap is thin, and the location of perforators is easily and safely detected with a Doppler flowmeter. When used as a vascular island flap, either a distal pedicle or a proximal pedicle can be used. The peroneal flap can be used as either a free flap or a vascularized fibular and fasciocutaneous flap. It may, therefore, be applied to compound skin, subcutaneous tissue, and bone defects in the lower extremities. A peroneal vascular transinterosseous island flap can reach a prepatellar skin defect, whereas the peroneal island flap with conventional proximal pedicle cannot.     

创伤性拇趾缺损的修复

目的　探讨创伤性拇趾缺损的修复方法及临床效果。方法　自 1995年 1月以来 ,应用两种皮瓣修复创伤性拇趾缺损 2 4例 ,其中应用蒂部延长的足底内侧岛状皮瓣 11例 ,远端筋膜蒂足内侧岛状皮瓣 13例。结果　 11例蒂部延长的足底内侧岛状皮瓣全部成活 ;13例远端筋膜蒂足内侧岛状皮瓣中 11例全部成活、 2例皮瓣远端皮缘少许坏死。结论　蒂部延长的足底内侧岛状皮瓣适用于修复拇趾远节和近节部分缺损的修复 ;远端筋膜蒂足内侧岛状皮瓣适用于近跖趾关节拇趾缺损的修复     

Monitoring a free anterolateral thigh flap for pharyngeal reconstruction

Aim: To describe a novel way of monitoring a buried fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap used for pharyngeal reconstruction. Methods: A tubed ALT flap was used to reconstruct a circumferential pharyngeal defect following resection of a carcinoma. An island of skin based on a separate perforator and externalized through the neck incision was used to monitor the flap. It was removed as a bedside procedure on the fifth postoperative day. Results: The externalized skin island allowed easy monitoring of the buried tubed free‐flap used to reconstruct the pharynx. Simple clinical parameters such as temperature, colour and capillary refill were used to monitor the flap instead of more complex and invasive methods. Conclusion: When feasible, a second skin island based on a separate set of perforator vessels provides an easy, safe and simple method of monitoring a buried free‐flap.     

指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复同指指腹皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨一种新的筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复指腹皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法。方法 于指背形成筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣并移转至指腹创面。结果 临床已应用6例，皮瓣全部成活。结论 指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣可以安全、简便地修复同指指腹的创面。     

腓肠浅动脉逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣急诊修复下肢创伤性皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨急诊一期修复小腿中下段及足部创伤性软组织缺损的方法. 方法 2000年2月～2003年12月,应用同侧腓肠浅动脉逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣急诊一期修复小腿及足部皮肤软组织缺损18例,并分析其可行性及手术注意点;切取皮瓣4 cm×5 cm～11 cm×12 cm. 结果除2例皮瓣远端1/3发绀并坏死经换药Ⅱ期愈合外,其余皮瓣均Ⅰ期愈合.随访1～2年,有2例皮瓣臃肿,其余外观满意,功能均恢复正常. 结论腓肠浅动脉逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣急诊修复创伤性皮肤软组织缺损,具有早期闭合创面、促进早期功能锻炼的优点,尤其适合于急诊修复小腿下1/3及其足踝部的皮肤软组织缺损.     

Eyebrow reconstruction with intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap

Although various reconstructive procedures for the eyebrow have been reported, few have proved satisfactory for large-tissue defects. The authors describe two cases of eyebrow reconstruction with intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap (TPF flap) after malignant tumor resection. The first patient was a 24-year-old man with an adnexal carcinoma of the left eyebrow. An intermediate hair flap was prepared at the hairline of the forehead in accordance with the defect. The second patient was a 48-year-old woman with Bowen's disease of the left eyebrow. Tumor resection was performed on the frontal muscle with a 5-mm surgical margin. An intermediate hair flap was prepared at the hairline of the forehead in accordance with the defect. Both reconstructed eyebrows have maintained their shapes well. There have been several reports of the use of a TPF flap for eyebrow reconstruction, but none have used intermediate hair from the hairline. The authors are convinced that use of intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled TPF flap is effective for reconstruction of the eyebrow and large defects extending to nonhairy subbrow skin.     

Temporal osteocutaneous island flaps for complete reconstruction of cleft palate defects

In each of four patients, closure of a wide cleft palate was performed with a temporal osteocutaneous island flap (TOCI flap) based on the superficial temporal artery. These were fabricated island fasciocutaneous flaps composed of temporoparietalis fascia and galea with pericranium, surfaced with split skin grafts. Two flaps carried with them a segment of vascularized parietal bone (TOCI-I). In the other two flaps, the osseus component was supplied by placing an osteogenic powder in a pericranial pocket: a temporal artery "osteogenic" cutaneous flap (TOCI-II). In each case the flap closed the defect and lengthened the palate without the need for elevation of palatal mucoperiosteum. Growth of the parietal bone segment has been observed in the first patient (the only one to have a follow-up CT scan). This patient, the eldest, is developing normal speech so far. The others are still too young for evaluation.     

Two modifications of the radial forearm flap for reconstruction of complex facial defects

The free radial forearm flap has been one of the most common free flaps of recent decades. This flap is employed predominantly in head and neck reconstruction. The possibility of combining bone, muscle, and nerves with the fasciocutaneous flap greatly enhanced reconstructive options. However, the frequently unsightly donor site and the development of other readily available free flaps have led to a decline in the use of the radial forearm flap. Nevertheless, for reconstruction in head and neck surgery, with the need for thin, pliable tissues and a long vascular pedicle, the radial forearm flap still remains a prime choice. Two modifications of the standard forearm flap are presented. The first patient had two large defects at the nose and mental area after radical resection of a basal-cell carcinoma. Soft-tissue reconstruction was achieved with a conventional forearm flap and a second additional skin island based on a perforator vessel originating proximally from the pedicle. Both skin islands were independently mobile and could be sutured tension-free into the defects after tunneling through the cheek, with vascular anastomosis to the facial vessels. The second patient required additional volume to fill the orbital cavity after enucleation of the eye due to an ulcerating basal-cell carcinoma. In this case, the body of the flexor carpi radialis muscle was included in the skin flap to fill the defect. The skin island was used to reconstruct the major soft-tissue defect.