比索洛尔对高血压大鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖及胶原合成的影响

目的:探讨比索洛尔对培养的高血压大鼠（SHR）和W istar大鼠心脏成纤维细胞（CFs）增殖及胶原合成的影响。方法:采用胰酶消化法培养CFs,采用3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷（3H-TdR）掺入法测定CFs的DNA合成功能,四氮唑蓝（MTT）比色法测定细胞增殖,3H-脯氨酸（3H-Proline）掺入法测定胶原合成。结果:①基础状态下,SHR组CFs的3H-Proline掺入量3、H-TdR掺入量及MTT比色法A值均明显高于W istar组。②不同浓度比索洛尔对两组大鼠CFs3H-TdR掺入量及MTT比色法A值均无明显作用。③不同浓度比索洛尔以浓度依赖的方式抑制CFs3H-Proline掺入量,与W istar大鼠组相比,SHR组CFs受抑制的效应更强。结论:SHR的CFs细胞数目、DNA合成及胶原含量均存在异常,比索洛尔呈浓度依赖性抑制CFs的胶原合成,但对CFs增殖及DNA合成无明显作用。     

卡维地洛对高血压大鼠心脏成纤维细胞胶原合成的抑制作用

目的 :探讨卡维地洛、比索洛尔、哌唑嗪对培养的 SHR和 Wistar大鼠心脏成纤维细胞 （ CFs）胶原合成的影响。方法 :采用胰酶消化法培养 CFs,用3 H-脯氨酸掺入法分别观察卡维地洛、比索洛尔、哌唑嗪干预下两组大鼠 CFs胶原合成的情况。结果 :1各种浓度的卡维地洛 （ 0 .0 1～ 10μmol/ L ）可以浓度依赖的方式抑制 CFs 3 H-脯氨酸掺入量 ,与 Wistar大鼠组相比 ,SHR组 CFs受抑制的效应更强。2同等浓度比索洛尔对两组大鼠 CFs3 H-脯氨酸掺入量表现出轻度抑制。 3同等浓度哌唑嗪对两组大鼠 CFs3 H-脯氨酸掺入量均无明显影响。结论 :卡维地洛呈浓度依赖性抑制 CFs合成胶原 ,其作用机制部分与阻滞β1 受体有关。     

糜酶对大鼠心脏成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成的影响

目的探讨糜酶对大鼠心脏成纤维细胞（CFs）增殖和胶原合成的影响。方法用胰酶消化法分离、培养新生SD大鼠的CFs,采用MTT比色法（A490值）测定细胞数目,流式细胞术分析细胞周期,3H-脯氨酸掺入法测定总胶原合成,RT-PCR检测Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原mRNA的表达。结果①糜酶以剂量依赖方式增加CFs的数目。其中15、30和60μg/L组的A490值分别为0.263±0.033、0.348±0.031和0.387±0.026,均高于对照组的A490值（0.201±0.019）,并有非常显著性差异（P<0.01）。②随着糜酶作用浓度的增加,CFs在G0/G1期的百分率逐渐减少,S期的百分率和细胞增殖指数逐渐增加。其中15、30和60μg/L组与对照组相比,上述各项指标均有显著或非常显著性差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）。③糜酶以剂量依赖方式增加CFs的3H-脯氨酸掺入量。其中15、30和60μg/L组的3H-脯氨酸掺入量分别为（520±75）、（684±62）和（769±58）cpm/孔,均高于对照组[（435±60）cpm/孔],差异有显著或非常显著性意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。④随着糜酶作用浓度的增加,CFs的Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达水平均呈递增趋势。其中15、30和60μg/L组的Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达的水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。结论糜酶具有促进CFs增殖和胶原合成的作用,提示其可能在心肌纤维化过程中发挥重要作用。     

AngⅡ、TGF-β1和FN对自发性高血压大鼠心肌成纤维细胞合成胶原的影响

目的　观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、洛沙坦（Losartan）、纤维粘连蛋白（FN）对培养的SHR和WKY大鼠心肌成纤维细胞（CFb）合成胶原的影响。方法　采用组织块贴壁法培养CFb,分别测定AngⅡ、TGF-β1、Losartan、FN干预下CFb的　3H-脯氨酸（　3H-Proline）掺入量。结果　AngⅡ、TGF-β1、FN促进CFb的　3H-Proline掺入量,Losartan抑制10-7MAngⅡ诱导的CFb的　3H-Proline掺入。结论　AngⅡ、TGF-β1、FN对CFb的胶原合成有促进作用,Losartan可拮抗AngⅡ的作用。     

AngⅡ、TGF—β1和FN对自发性高血压大鼠心肌成纤维细胞合成胶原的影响

目的 观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、转化生长因子β1（TGF－β1)、洛沙坦（Losartan)、纤维粘连蛋白（FN）对培养的SHR和WKY大鼠心肌成纤维细胞（CFb)合成胶原的影响。方法 采用组织块贴壁法培养CFb,分别测定AngⅡ、TGF－β1、Losartan、FN干预下CFb的^3H-脯氨酸（^3H-Proline)掺入量。结果 AngⅡ、TGF－β1、FN促进CFb的^3H-Proline掺入量,Losartan抑制10^-7M AngⅡ诱导的CFb的^3H-Proline掺入。结论 AngⅡ、TGF－β1、FN对CFb的胶原合成有促进作用,Losartan可拮抗AngⅡ的作用。     

卡维地洛、比索洛尔、哌唑嗪对SHR心肌成纤维细胞增殖作用的对比研究

目的观察卡维地洛(carvedilol)、比索洛尔(bisoprolol)、哌唑嗪(prazosin)对培养的SHR和Wistar大鼠心肌成纤维细胞(CFs)增殖的影响.方法采用胰酶消化法培养CFs,用 3H-TdR法、MTT比色法分别观察carvedilol、bisolol、prazosin干预下CFs的增殖情况.结果 SHR、Wistar大鼠CFs 3H-TdR掺入及OD值随carvedilol浓度的增加而减低,呈剂量和时间依赖性.10-5 mol /L carvedilol分别干预SHR和Wistar大鼠CFs 72 h其 3H-TdR掺入分别减低52.1%和47.5%,OD值分别减低41.5% 和 35.3%, bisolol(10-8 mol/L～10-5mol/L )和prazosin(10-8 mol/L～10-5 mol/L)则无此作用.结论 Carvedilol抑制心肌成纤维细胞增殖,并呈浓度及时间依赖性,高血压时,CFs对Carvedilol更为敏感.而Bisoprolol和Prazosin则对CFs细胞增殖无影响.     

吡格列酮对自发性高血压大鼠心脏成纤维细胞周期的影响

目的研究盐酸吡格列酮对培养的自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）和血压正常大鼠（WKY）心脏成纤维细胞（CFs）细胞周期的影响,并进一步探讨其与NO-NOS系统的关系。方法采用胶原酶消化法培养SHR和WKY的CFs,流式细胞仪（FCM）分析技术检测细胞周期,硝酸还原酶法测定CFs培养上清NO浓度,分光光度法测定CFs培养上清NOS活性。结果0.1、1、5和10μmol/L的吡格列酮作用48h后,SHR、WKY CFs的G0/G1期细胞百分率较对照组显著增高（均P<0.01）,S期细胞百分率、G2/M期细胞百分率和增殖指数则显著低于对照组（P<0.01,P<0.05）,且随着作用浓度的增加,吡格列酮对细胞周期的影响逐渐增强。5μmol/L的吡格列酮干预48 h后,SHR和WKY的CFs培养上清NO浓度分别为（111.2±12.4）μmol/L和（221.7±35.3）μmol/L,与各自对照组（76.8±2.4）μmol/L、（112.1±8.9）μmol/L相比,差异非常显著（P<0.01）;SHR和WKY大鼠CFs培养上清NOS活性分别为（208±18）μkat/L、（257±30）μkat/L,和各自对照组（148±10）μkat/L、（187±8）μkat/L相比,亦有非常显著性差异（P<0.01）。NO浓度和NOS活性呈显著正相关（r=0.964,P<0.01）。结论吡格列酮能够抑制SHR CFs的细胞周期增殖,其效应可能与上调NO-NOS系统活性有关。     

卡维地洛、比索洛尔、哌唑嗪对SHR心肌成纤维细胞增殖作用的对比研究

目的 观察卡维地洛(carvedilol)、比索洛尔(bisoprolol)、哌唑嗪(prazosin)对培养的SHR和Wistar大鼠心肌成纤维细胞(CFs)增殖的影响。方法 采用胰酶消化法培养CFs，用^3H—TdR法、MTT比色法分别观察carvedilol、bisolol、prazosin干预下CFs的增殖情况。结果 SHR、Wistar大鼠CFs^3H-TdR掺入及OD值随carvedilol浓度的增加而减低，呈剂量和时间依赖性。10^-5mo1／L carvedilol分别干预SHR和Wistar大鼠CFs72h其h其^H-TdR掺入分别减低52．1％和47．5％，OD值分别减低41．5％和35．3％，bisolol(10^-8mo1／L一10^-5mol／L)和przosin(10^-8mol／L一10^-5mol／L)则无此作用。结论 Carvedilol抑制心肌成纤维细胞增殖，并呈浓度及时间依赖性，高血压时，CFs对Carvedilol更为敏感。而Bisoprolol和Prazosin则对CFs细胞增殖无影响。     

C 型钠尿肽对大鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖及胶原合成的影响

目的：观察C型钠尿肽（CNP）对大鼠心肌成纤维细胞（CFs）增殖及胶原合成的影响,探讨其抑制心肌细胞外基质（ECM）重构的作用机制。方法原代培养新生大鼠CFs,应用MTS法分析细胞增殖,以Western blot法检测CFs中Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原的蛋白表达。结果10^-9mol/L、10^-8mol/L、10^-7mol/LCNP能显著抑制CFs的增殖（P＜0．05）,同时抑制CFs中Ⅰ型胶原（P＜0．05）、Ⅲ型胶原（P＜0．05）的蛋白表达,并具有浓度依赖性。结论CNP能有效抑制CFs的增殖及胶原合成,这可能是其抑制心肌ECM重构的重要机制。     

辛伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖及胶原合成的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀(simvastatin)对培养的自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneous hypertensive rats,SHR)和正常血压Wistar大鼠心肌成纤维细胞(cardiac fibroblasts,CFs)增殖和胶原合成的影响.方法采用胰酶消化法培养CFs,用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定细胞增殖,流式细胞分析仪(FCM)技术检测细胞周期,ELISA法检测Ⅰ型胶原合成.结果(1)10-9mol/L、10-7mol/L、10-6mol/L和10-5mol/L辛伐他汀作用后MTT比色法OD值SHR组分别为0.38±0.01、0.34±0.01、0.26±0.01和0.24±0.01,与对照组(0.41±0.01)比较差异非常显著(P＜0.05);Wistar大鼠组分别为0.35±0.01、0.31±0.01、0.26±0.01和0.23±0.01,与对照组(0.37±0.01)相比差异非常显著(P均＜0.05).(2)10-6mol/L辛伐他汀作用48h,SHR和Wistar大鼠CFs的G0G1期细胞百分率均较对照组显著提高(P均＜0.01),S期细胞百分率、G2/M期细胞百分率和增殖指数(proliferation index,PI)则较对照组显著降低(P均＜0.01).(3)随着辛伐他汀浓度的增高,CFs的Ⅰ型胶原分泌呈明显的递减趋势.10-8mol/L、10-7mol/L、10-6mol/L和10-5mol/L辛伐他汀作用后Ⅰ型胶原,SHR分别为O.80±0.01、0.74±0.01、0.68±0.01、0.68±0.01和0.62±0.02,均显著低于对照组0.97±0.02(P均＜0.01);Wistar大鼠分别为0.73±0.01、0.65±0.01、0.60±0.02和0.56±0.02,与对照组(0.81±0.01)相比差异非常显著(P均＜0.01).SHR组与Wistar大鼠相比较,CFs受抑制的效应更强.结论辛伐他汀呈浓度依赖性抑制SHR的CFs增殖和胶原合成,这对逆转高血压心室重塑有一定的价值.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and beta-complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. METHODS: With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence.