迷迭香芳香油提取及成分分析

迷迭香 Rosmarinus officinalis L.系唇形科多年生迷迭香属植物 ,原产地中海沿岸 ,现在世界各地广为栽培。新鲜迷迭香植物枝、叶中含有挥发油0 .48%～ 0 .5 2 % ,干品含挥发油 0 .5 %～ 2 % ,广泛应用于皂类、化妆品、洗涤剂、除臭剂的加香 ,其中含α-蒎烯、莰烯、1 ,8-桉叶素、龙脑、樟脑、α-和 β-松油醇、松油烯 - 4-醇、马鞭草烯醇、醋酸龙脑酯等成分。迷迭香油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、霍乱弧菌等有中等强度的抗菌作用。迷迭香制剂有健胃、发汗、安神、亢进消化机能 ,治各种头痛 ,亦有驱蚊作用[1] 。此外 ,迷迭香中提取的鼠尾草…     

固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱法分析蔓荆子挥发性化学成分

目的:对蔓荆子挥发油的化学成分进行了分析。方法:采用固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱(SPME/GC/MS)联用技术。结果:分离出81个组分,确认了其中64种组分,并用归一化法测定其相对百分含量,其相对含量占总挥发性组分峰面积的96.85%。结论:主要成分为:α-蒎烯(4.26%)、1,8-桉树脑5.90(%)、芳樟醇(3.59%)、莰烯(4.89%)、丁子香酚(2.18%)、β-石竹烯(14.72%)、β-古芸烯(2.56%)、双环吉马烯(4.35%)、α-雪松醇(11.29%)。     

绿衣枳实与绿衣枳壳挥发油成分GC-MS分析比较

目的 比较分析来源于树龄相同、长势相似枸橘植物的绿衣枳实与绿衣枳壳挥发油成分. 方法 采用GC-MS联用技术分析两者的挥发油化学成分,归一法分析挥发油各成分的相对含量. 结果 绿衣枳实和绿衣枳壳的挥发油平均收得率分别为0.64%和1.01%.从绿衣枳实挥发油中鉴定出8种化合物,均为单萜和倍半萜类;主要成分为dl-柠檬烯(42.026%),其次是β-月桂烯(23.988%)、β-水芹烯(9.706%)、1-水芹烯(12.026%);从绿衣枳壳挥发油中鉴定出21种化合物,除10种单萜和倍半萜类(总相对含量53.42%)外,还含有10种脂肪族化合物(总相对含量37.55%)及1种杂环类化合物,相对含量较高的成分有(-)-α-蒎烯(12.300%)、β-石竹烯(8.403%)、1,8桉油精(7.843%)和β-香茅醇(6.583%);两者均含有α-蒎烯、β-水芹烯、2-β-蒎烯和β-石竹烯成分,相对含量分别为18.113%和28.489%,挥发油中的其他成分组成不同. 结论 来源于树龄相同、长势相似枸橘植物的绿表枳实与绿衣枳壳挥发油含量及其化学成分组成差异明显.     

狗肝菜的化学成分研究

目的对狗肝菜Dicliptera chinensis全草的化学成分进行研究。方法采用硅胶柱色谱和制备性薄层色谱进行分离、纯化,IR、NMR和MS等方法进行结构鉴定。结果从环己烷萃取部分得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为正三十六烷醇(Ⅰ)、硬脂酸(Ⅱ)、羽扇烯酮(Ⅲ)、羽扇豆醇(Ⅳ)、谷甾烷-4-烯-3-酮(Ⅴ)、豆甾烷-5-烯-7-酮-3β-棕榈酸酯(Ⅵ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅶ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅷ)、3β,6β-豆甾烷-4-烯-3,6-二醇(Ⅸ)、6β-羟基-豆甾烷-4-烯-3-酮(Ⅹ)、3β-羟基-豆甾烷-5-烯-7-酮(Ⅺ)、去氢催叶萝芙叶醇(Ⅻ)和催叶萝芙叶醇(ⅩⅢ)。结论除Ⅱ化合物和Ⅶ外,皆为首次从该属植物中发现。     

中国腊梅属植物开花期与营养期叶中挥发油的气相色谱比较

1977年版中国药典(一部)收载了用于防治(?)、流行性格(?)的“山(?)梅叶”及其制剂“山腊梅茶”。出腊梅叶主含挥发(?)。经分离鉴定,油中主含桉(?)素、芳樟醇、α-(?)烯、β-蒎烯、莰烯、樟脑与龙脑等。鉴于腊梅属植物具有一定的药用价值,且考虑到同属植物往往含有类似的化学成分与药理作用,因此作者在对该属植物生药学研究的基础上,分别采收该属四种开花期与营养期的叶,依次提取挥发     

赤芝子实体化学成分的研究

目的研究赤芝子实体的化学成分。方法应用多种色谱方法进行分离和纯化,并用NMR和MS等波谱方法解析其化学结构。结果从赤芝子实体的醋酸乙酯提取物中分离得到7个化合物,分别被鉴定为麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇十五酸酯(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-yl pentadecanoate,)、麦角甾醇棕榈酸酯(ergosteryl palmitate,)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol,)、麦角甾醇(ergosterol,)、灵芝酸C2(ganoderic acid C2,)、ganodermanontriol()及邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯[1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(1-methylpropyl)ester,]。结论化合物为新化合物,化合物为从本植物中首次分离得到。     

冰片的研究进展

冰片是传统中药,主要成分为龙脑香的树脂和挥发油中取得的结晶,是接近纯粹的右旋龙脑.龙脑香的树脂和挥发油中含有多种萜类成分.除龙脑外,尚含葎草烯、β-榄香烯、石竹烯等倍半萜,齐墩果酸、麦珠子酸、积雪草酸、龙脑香醇酮、龙脑香二醇酮、古柯二醇等三萜化合物.冰片具有通诸窍、去郁火、去翳明目、消肿止痛之功能[1],还具有抗菌、抗炎、抗生育、抗心绞痛等作用,还发现具有抗癌活性等药理作用,并对中枢神经系统能够增加血脑屏障的通透性,因此,冰片在医药制剂上的作用越来越重要.本文对冰片的理化性质、药理作用、药效学、含量测定方法进行了综述.     

陕西凤县大红袍花椒挥发油化学成分的GC/MS分析

目的:分析陕西凤县大红袍花椒挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取陕西凤县大红袍花椒挥发油,经GC/MS结合计算机检索对其化学成分进行鉴定,用色谱峰面积归一法确定各化学成分的相对含量。结果:从其挥发油中分离出33个色谱峰,鉴定出25种化合物。挥发油主要成分和含量分别为:β-水芹烯(42.285%)、β-月桂烯(10.268%)、3-甲基-6-(1-甲基乙基)-2-环己烯-1-醇(6.834%)、α-蒎烯(5.616%)、α-松油醇(5.034%),其中还含有抗癌活性组分β-榄香烯。结论:从鉴定出的化学成分可知,凤县大红袍花椒具有较高的药用价值。     

中药路路通挥发油化学成分的鉴定

对中药路路通(Fructus Liquidambaris)挥发油的化学成分进行了毛细管柱气相色谱-质谱鉴定,其重建总离子流(RIC)图显示54个峰。作者等鉴定了其中16种化学成分,即β-松油烯、β-蒎烯、柠檬烯、γ-松油烯、桃金娘醛、α-松油醇、反式-葛缕醇、百里香酚、香荆芥酚、胡椒烯、β-榄香烯、反式-β-金合欢烯、α-衣兰油烯、×-榄香烯、杜松烯和榄香醇。它们的化学结构式依次为Ⅰ～ⅩⅥ。     

灌木柴胡挥发油的生物活性

本文报道了灌木柴胡(Bupleurumfruticosum)挥发油的成分及其抗炎和解痉活性。经鉴定挥发油中主要成分为单萜烃类化合物,约占总挥发油的80％以上,其中α-蒎烯(41.21％)和β-蒎烯(35.89％)的含量最高。总挥发油中其它微量成分是月桂烯(3.10％)、     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.