应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损

目的 报道应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 应用带血管、神经蒂的背阔肌游离皮瓣移植修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损8例,切取背阔肌皮瓣面积最大25 cm×20 cm,最小12 cm×10 cm.结果 术后8例皮瓣全部成活,术后经1～6年随访,足部功能恢复较好,皮肤无破损,感觉部分恢复.结论 背阔肌皮瓣部位隐蔽,血供丰富,切取范围大,适合修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损,有助于足部功能的重建,是一种较为理想的治疗方法.     

背阔肌皮瓣游离移植修复下肢软组织缺损的临床分析

目的 探讨背阔肌皮瓣游离移植修复下肢软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析采用背阔肌皮瓣游离移植修复下肢软组织缺损17例的临床资料.损伤部位为足跟合并足底、足背和踝部皮肤软组织者7例,缺损面积15 cm×13 cm～22 cm×15 cm,足跟后侧部位合并小腿后侧皮肤及腓肠肌部分缺损者10例,缺损面积16 cm×14 cm～31 cm×15 cm.采用背阔肌皮瓣游离移植修复.结果 皮瓣均成活,足踝、足跟、小腿创面均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染、血管危象及继发性溃疡发生.术后6个月进行随访,其中3例因皮瓣外形肿大,穿鞋及行走不利,施行二期皮瓣整形术后痊愈;2例因损伤胫神经导致下肢感觉未完全恢复,但肌肉功能正常;1例因损伤较重,患者踝关节功能未完全恢复.结论 背阔肌皮瓣血运丰富,抗感染能力强,修复大面积软组织缺损成活率高,临床效果良好.     

应用背阔肌肌皮瓣游离移植修复下肢皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨应用背阔肌肌皮瓣游离移植修复下肢大面积皮肤软组织缺损的手术方法和临床效果。方法对16例下肢广泛的皮肤软组织缺损患者先行清创，然后行吻合血管的背阔肌肌皮瓣游离移植修复创面。结果16例背阔肌肌皮瓣全部成活。其中2例术后出现血管危象，经手术探查吻合血管后成活。14例患者创面I期愈合，2例皮瓣出现浅表坏死，经换药及抗感染治疗后愈合。其中，随访12例患者1个月至2年，皮瓣外形及功能满意。结论背阔肌肌皮瓣具有解剖位置恒定、血管蒂长、口径粗、血运丰富、抗感染能力强等特点，对无法采用局部带蒂肌皮瓣修复下肢皮肤软组织缺损的患者，应用背阔肌肌皮瓣游离移植是一种疗效可靠的治疗方法。     

应用游离背阔肌皮瓣治疗四肢软组织缺损

目的 探讨游离背阔肌皮瓣修复四肢大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 以背阔肌外缘内侧2～3cm平行线为皮瓣轴线设计皮瓣,手术沿皮瓣后内缘向上追踪血管束至腋区进行解剖,切断背阔肌止点腱及血管蒂,移至受区与受区吻合相应的血管、神经和肌腱吻合,临床上进行缺损创面修复19例.切取皮瓣面积范围8 cm×15 cm～ 18 cm×35 cm.结果 19例背阔肌皮瓣,其中5例发生血管危象,3例经探查后成活,2例小面积坏死,经换药后愈合,1例因广泛血栓形成而坏死,其余皮瓣均成活良好,效果满意.结论 应用游离背阔肌皮瓣修复四肢大面积皮肤软组织缺损临床疗效好.     

应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损

目的 报道应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 应用带血管、神经蒂的背阔肌游离皮瓣移植修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损8例,切取背阔肌皮瓣面积最大25 cm×20 cm,最小12 cm×10 cm.结果 术后8例皮瓣全部成活,术后经1～6年随访,足部功能恢复较好,皮肤无破损,感觉部分恢复.结论 背阔肌皮瓣部位隐蔽,血供丰富,切取范围大,适合修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损,有助于足部功能的重建,是一种较为理想的治疗方法.     

应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损

目的 报道应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 应用带血管、神经蒂的背阔肌游离皮瓣移植修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损8例,切取背阔肌皮瓣面积最大25 cm×20 cm,最小12 cm×10 cm.结果 术后8例皮瓣全部成活,术后经1～6年随访,足部功能恢复较好,皮肤无破损,感觉部分恢复.结论 背阔肌皮瓣部位隐蔽,血供丰富,切取范围大,适合修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损,有助于足部功能的重建,是一种较为理想的治疗方法.     

应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损

目的 报道应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 应用带血管、神经蒂的背阔肌游离皮瓣移植修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损8例,切取背阔肌皮瓣面积最大25 cm×20 cm,最小12 cm×10 cm.结果 术后8例皮瓣全部成活,术后经1～6年随访,足部功能恢复较好,皮肤无破损,感觉部分恢复.结论 背阔肌皮瓣部位隐蔽,血供丰富,切取范围大,适合修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损,有助于足部功能的重建,是一种较为理想的治疗方法.     

应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损

目的 报道应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 应用带血管、神经蒂的背阔肌游离皮瓣移植修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损8例,切取背阔肌皮瓣面积最大25 cm×20 cm,最小12 cm×10 cm.结果 术后8例皮瓣全部成活,术后经1～6年随访,足部功能恢复较好,皮肤无破损,感觉部分恢复.结论 背阔肌皮瓣部位隐蔽,血供丰富,切取范围大,适合修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损,有助于足部功能的重建,是一种较为理想的治疗方法.     

应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损

目的 报道应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 应用带血管、神经蒂的背阔肌游离皮瓣移植修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损8例,切取背阔肌皮瓣面积最大25 cm×20 cm,最小12 cm×10 cm.结果 术后8例皮瓣全部成活,术后经1～6年随访,足部功能恢复较好,皮肤无破损,感觉部分恢复.结论 背阔肌皮瓣部位隐蔽,血供丰富,切取范围大,适合修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损,有助于足部功能的重建,是一种较为理想的治疗方法.     

应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损

目的 报道应用背阔肌皮瓣修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 应用带血管、神经蒂的背阔肌游离皮瓣移植修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损8例,切取背阔肌皮瓣面积最大25 cm×20 cm,最小12 cm×10 cm.结果 术后8例皮瓣全部成活,术后经1～6年随访,足部功能恢复较好,皮肤无破损,感觉部分恢复.结论 背阔肌皮瓣部位隐蔽,血供丰富,切取范围大,适合修复足部大面积皮肤软组织缺损,有助于足部功能的重建,是一种较为理想的治疗方法.     

The rectus abdominis free flap for lower extremity reconstruction

The authors present their successful experience with an attractive alternative to the latissimus dorsi and gracilis muscle flaps for lower extremity reconstruction--the free rectus abdominis muscle flap. The muscle flap has a dual blood supply, but the longer pedicle length and larger vessel diameter of the inferior epigastric vascular pedicle favor its use for free-tissue transfer. Surgical anatomy, technique, indications, and potential complications are outlined.     

游离腹直肌肌瓣加植皮治愈7例胫骨下段难治性慢性骨髓炎

目的:探讨应用游离腹直肌肌瓣+中厚游离植皮治疗胫骨下段难治性慢性骨髓炎的方法和疗效。方法:自2003年5月～2009年12月,采用以腹壁下动、静脉为血管蒂的一侧腹直肌肌瓣游离移植加中厚植皮治疗7例胫骨下端慢性骨髓炎。慢性骨髓炎清创后缺损范围为4cm×5cm～7cm×10cm,切取腹直肌肌瓣的大小为5cm×6cm～8cm×15cm。结果:术后7例移植的腹直肌肌瓣均成活良好,中厚植皮无坏死。随访6月～2年,踝部外形及功能良好,2例患者硬化性骨坏死恢复正常。结论:游离腹直肌肌瓣+中厚游离植皮治疗胫骨下段的难治性慢性骨髓炎具有血运好、抗感染力强和顺应性好等优点,术后踝部外形及功能良好。     

蒂部减张皮瓣在远端蒂皮瓣中的应用

目的探讨蒂部减张皮瓣处理方法对远端蒂皮瓣成活及外观的影响。方法 2009年10月-2011年2月,采用蒂部减张皮瓣的方法利用远端蒂皮瓣移位修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损27例。男19例,女8例;年龄17～58岁,平均31.5岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤14例,机器绞伤9例,外科感染3例,肿瘤切除后1例。缺损部位:胫骨下段7例,踝关节12例,足部5例,手掌2例,手背1例。伤后至入院时间1～19 h,平均10 h。创面范围5.2 cm×3.8 cm～14.0 cm×5.8 cm。远端蒂皮瓣切取范围5.5 cm×4.5 cm～14.5 cm×6.5 cm。供区直接缝合6例,游离植皮21例。结果术后蒂部减张皮瓣均顺利成活。3例术后7 d远端蒂皮瓣发生部分坏死,经换药后1例行游离植皮,2例切除坏死皮缘后直接缝合后愈合;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合,植皮均成活。术后26例获随访,随访时间6～12个月,平均7.5个月。皮瓣质地、外观均良好。结论应用蒂部减张皮瓣可促进远端蒂皮瓣成活,并改善修复后外观。     

The versatility of free rectus femoris muscle flap: An alternative flap

In the 10-year period from June 1985 to December 1994, 54 free rectus femoris muscle or musculocutaneous flaps were performed at our hospital. It has been one of the most frequently used free muscle flaps in our institution and forms 2% of all free tissue transfers (total, 2,769 cases). In 26 patients, it was used for large wound coverage following debridement or tumor ablation, and in 27 patients, as a functioning free muscle transplantation for brachial plexus palsy or traumatic muscle loss. In one patient the components of the deep aponeurosis, muscle, and overlying skin were used for reconstruction of an abdominal wall defect after neurilemmoma excision. There were two complete failures, one due to diabetic foot infection and one due to venous occlusion. Four had superficial marginal skin necrosis. No significant disability of the donor limb was encountered. Easy approach, rapid harvest, large and reliable overlying skin flap, a single dominant neurovascular pedicle (with large vessel diameter and long motor nerve), easy primary closure of the donor site, and minimal donor site morbidity all make the rectus femoris flap a good alternative flap for free tissue transfer, in addition to the gracilis, rectus abdominis, and latissimus dorsi muscle flap. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction of a massive lumbosacral defect using superior gluteal artery perforator vessels

Despite significant advances in reconstructive surgery, the repair of massive lumbosacral defects poses significant challenges. When the extent of soft tissue loss, tumor resection, and/or radiation therapy preclude the use of traditional local options, such as gluteal advancement flaps or pedicled thigh flaps, then distant flaps are required. We report a case of a 64-year-old male who presented with a large sacral Marjolin's ulcer secondary to recurrent pilonidal cysts and ulcerations. The patient underwent wide local composite resection, which resulted in a wound measuring 450 cm(2) with exposed rectum and sacrum. The massive defect was successfully covered with a free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, providing a well-vascularized skin paddle and obviating the need for a latissimus flap with skin graft. The free-TRAM flap proved to be a very robust flap in this situation and would be one of our flaps of choice for similar defects.     

Free flap reconstruction of tumors involving the cranial base

The authors describe their experience in treating 24 patients who underwent resection of tumors involving anterior, middle or posterior cranial fossa with immediate reconstruction. All were reconstructed with free flaps, 15 rectus abdominis, 4 radial forearm, 3 latissimus dorsi, 2 great omentum, and one scapular flap. There was one latissimus dorsi flap loss due to arterial thrombosis in a heavily irradiated patient. Three patients presented with a temporary cerebrospinal fluid leak, one of them with meningitis which resolved after intravenous antibiotics and continuous lumbar drainage. Fifteen patients were followed (mean 2 years). Five died of recurrence. Four presented local recurrence. Six patients are alive with no signs of recurrence. Free flaps, especially the rectus abdominis flap and the latissimus dorsi, are versatile flaps and may be easily positioned to cover several structures or anatomical surfaces. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

跗外侧动脉蒂小腿前外侧皮瓣的解剖基础与临床应用

目的 探讨跗外侧动脉蒂小腿前外侧皮瓣的解剖特点,以及修复足前部缺损的可行性.方法取20条经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢尸体标本,解剖观察其跗外侧动脉、腓动脉外踝上穿支、腓浅动脉等血管的分支、走行和吻合.据此设计跗外侧动脉蒂小腿前外侧皮瓣,对8例足前部组织缺损患者进行带蒂皮瓣转移修复.足背皮肤软组织缺损5例,足底皮肤软组织缺损3例.足前部缺损范围5 cm×4 cm ～ 9 cm×5 cm.供区游离植皮或直接缝合.跗外侧动脉、腓动脉穿支、胫前动脉穿支、腓浅动脉相互吻合,在足外侧、外踝前、小腿前外侧形成一条纵行血管轴.皮瓣范围6 cm×4 cm ～ 10 cm×6 cm.结果 术后8块皮瓣全部成活.所有患者均获随访,随访6～12个月,平均8个月,皮瓣色泽、质地、外形良好,皮瓣无溃疡发生.患者能自由行走.结论 以跗外侧动脉为蒂切取小腿前外侧皮瓣,皮瓣血运可靠,血管蒂长,可修复足前部任何区域,供区损伤小.     

下腹部横行腹直肌肌皮瓣联合腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣乳房再造术

目的 探讨应用下腹部腹直肌肌皮瓣联合腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣行乳房再造的手术方法，并分析其适应证。方法 以健侧腹直肌为肌蒂、患侧腹壁下动、静脉穿支为吻合血管蒂形成下腹部横行腹直肌肌皮瓣与腹壁下动脉穿支联合皮瓣，将腹壁下动、静脉与患侧胸背血管或胸廓内血管相吻合，进行乳房再造。结果 自2003年以来，于临床应用17例，所有皮瓣皆成活，随访3～12个月，再造乳房外形满意。结论 下腹部腹直肌肌皮瓣联合腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣，具有血运可靠、提供组织量丰富、塑形自由度大、供区损伤较小等优点，尤适宜需要移植体积多以及胸廓内血管受损的乳房再造患者。     

保留桡神经浅支的血管筋膜蒂皮瓣的临床研究

目的 观察保留桡神经浅支的血管筋膜蒂皮瓣进行转位修复手部创面的可行性及临床效果.方法 临床应用前臂远端保留桡神经浅支的血管筋膜蒂皮瓣修复手腕部软组织缺损7例,皮瓣切取面积7 cm×4 cm～12 cm×7 cm.结果 7例皮瓣中4例完全成活,3例出现静脉回流障碍,其中1例表皮脱落,皮瓣全部成活,质地良好；1例远端皮肤有宽约1.5cm坏死区,经植皮愈合;另1例皮瓣远端有3 cm×2 cm斑片状坏死,经换药瘢痕愈合.术后5例桡神经浅支支配区皮肤感觉正常；2例有麻木感,术后4周恢复正常.经术后3～20个月随访,7例患者对皮瓣修复效果均表示满意,2例对皮瓣部分坏死后的局限性瘢痕及前臂植皮瘢痕有整形愿望.结论 保留桡神经浅支的血管筋膜蒂皮瓣对保留手部皮肤感觉有实用价值,进一步改善静脉回流是防止皮瓣部分坏死的关键因素.     

Reconstruction of the breast with a contralateral epigastric rectus myocutaneous flap

Summary The contralateral epigastric rectus flap (ERF) is a new myocutaneous flap, recently proposed by Vasconez. It is composed of two island flaps including epigastric skin taken along the submammary fold, and the upper part of the rectus abdominis muscle with the superior epigastric artery. It usually measures 20 × 8 cm. In breast reconstruction the ERF is transferred from the normal side to the mastectomized side on its vascular pedicle. The donor site is hidden in the submammary fold. The ERF can be used either for skin or volume replacement. It has many advantages over the latissimus flap (larger amount of skin, skin comparable to breast skin, taken without position change during surgery, no muscle dysfunction, no donor site in the back, upper abdominal lift with major addition of homolateral epigastric skin to the reconstruction), but cannot replace it in patients with thin or irradiated skin, where muscle addition is needed.Partly read at the Joint Annual Meeting of the Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Plastische Chirurgie, Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Plastische- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Vereinigung der Deutschen Plastischen Chirurgen, Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße on September 23, 1981, in Innsbruck