普鲁卡因治疗前列腺摘除术后膀胱颈痉挛82例疗效观察

前列腺摘除后,病人常有膀胱颈痉挛性收缩疼痛而出现烦燥不安,膀胱冲洗液颜色加深,术后出血增加。自1996年7月起,应用1％普鲁卡因持续静滴治疗前列腺摘除术后有膀胱颈痉挛疼痛、血尿加深者82例,取得满意疗效,报告如下。     

醋氯芬酸与曲马多对经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛性疼痛的疗效与安全性分析

目的 比较分析醋氯芬酸与曲马多对经尿道前列腺电切术(transurethral resection ofthe prostate,TURP)后患者膀胱痉挛性疼痛的疗效与安全性.方法 选择196例于本院泌尿外科就诊的前列腺增生患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组98例,A组术后给予醋氯芬酸分散片;B组术后给予曲马多缓释片.比较两组患者术后24h内VAS评分、膀胱痉挛出现的次数与持续时间及药物不良反应发生情况.结果 两组患者术后24h内各时间节点的VAS评分、膀胱痉挛出现的次数与持续时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).B组患者恶心、眩晕、头痛、精神不振及发热等不良反应发生率明显高于A组(P＜0.05).结论 醋氯芬酸与曲马多对经TURP术后患者膀胱痉挛性疼痛的疗效相当,醋氯芬酸的安全性相对较高.     

硬膜外腔注入辣椒辣素对前列腺切除术后膀胱痉挛性疼痛的镇痛效应

膀胱痉挛性疼痛是前列腺增生(BPH)患者前列腺切除术后常见的并发症。开放性前列腺切除术后,3个月内约有25.6％的患者出现膀胱痉挛性疼痛[1,2],多数的原因是出现不稳定膀胱[3],且易产生继发性出血等并发症。临床治疗方法争议较多,且效果不一。本研究拟通过硬膜外腔应用辣椒辣素直接阻断脊髓背根感觉神经,评价其长期稳定膀胱的作     

间苯三酚预防前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛的疗效分析

目的:探讨预防性使用间苯三酚对于经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛的疗效。方法:将前列腺电切术后患者,按随机抽样方法分为两组,A组(治疗组)39例,术后3d每日予以间苯三酚80mg静脉滴注,B组(对照组)35例,不予间苯三酚。比较两组患者术后3d内出现膀胱痉挛的次数、持续时间、痉挛性疼痛的程度及不良反应。结果:治疗组患者出现膀胱痉挛(4.3±1.2)次,持续时间(7.2±2.1)min,疼痛视觉模拟评分为(3.2±1.6)分,对照组分别为(7.5±2.4)次、(15.6±6.8)min及(4.7±2.3)分。两组之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗组未发现明显不良反应。结论:间苯三酚对于防治前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛安全有效。     

琥珀酸索利那新片改善经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛的疗效观察

目的:探讨琥珀酸索利那新片改善经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛的疗效。方法:80例前列腺电切术后患者随机分为两组,治疗组(n=40)术后给予琥珀酸索利那新片5mg,每天1次,口服4天;对照组(n=40)不给予干预性治疗。所有患者被记录膀胱痉挛次数、持续时间、痉挛性疼痛的程度及不良反应。结果:治疗组患者出现膀胱痉挛(4.1±1.1)次,持续时间(7.3±1.9)min,疼痛视觉模拟评分为(3.4±1.4)分,对照组分别为(6.8±2.3)次、(10.2±3.3)min及(5.3±2.4)分。治疗组相对于对照组膀胱痉挛症状有明显改善(P<0.01)。治疗组未发现明显不良反应。结论:琥珀酸索利那新片对于防治前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛安全有效。     

自控镇痛泵缓解前列腺增生术后膀胱痉挛

前列腺增生(BPH)患者行耻骨上前列腺切除术后常出现膀胱痉挛性疼痛，导致膀胱冲洗不畅，增加继发性出血危险，常规镇痛方法往往疗效不佳。2002年至今，我们采用硬膜外自动镇痛泵(PCEA)缓解BPH术后膀胱痉挛，取得良好效果，现报告如下。     

PCEA在预防下尿路术后膀胱痉挛性疼痛中的应用

目的研究病人自控硬膜外镇痛法(Patient controlled epidural analgesia,PCEA)在治疗前列藤切除术、膀胱部分切除术、尿道会师牵引术后膀胱痉挛性疼痛中的价值。方法对122例术后患者保留硬膜外导管。应用PCEA向硬膜外腔注射吗啡、布比卡因、芬太尼混合液。结果在应用PCEA期间,117例患者无膀胱痉挛性疼痛发生(显效),4例患者有轻微膀胱痉挛性疼痛(有效),总有效率100％,无明显不良反应。结论PCEA可以有效预防和治疗术后膀胱痉挛性疼痛,且减轻切口疼痛,具有效果好,副作用小等特点。     

托特罗定联合吲哚美辛栓剂预防性治疗经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱过度活动症

目的 探讨酒石酸托特罗定联合吲哚美辛栓剂预防性治疗经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱过度活动症的疗效.方法 收集128例良性前列腺增生症患者基本资料,发病年龄51～82(67.3±8.4)岁,随机分为4组:联合药物组、托特罗定组、吲哚美辛组及对照组各32例.比较各组TURP术后72h内膀胱区阵发性痉挛性疼痛伴(或不伴)急迫性尿失禁的次数及膀胱痉挛持续时间.结果 各治疗组在术后第2、第3天膀胱痉挛次数、膀胱痉挛平均持续时间均少于对照组(P＜0.05);托特罗定组术后第2、第3天膀胱痉挛次数分别为(1.85±0.6)次和(1.08±0.81)次,膀胱痉挛平均持续时间分别为(0.20±0.13)h和(0.21±0.12)h,均少于吲哚美辛组(2.01±0.38)次和(1.66±0.97)次,(0.35±0.31)h和(0.33±0.21)h(P＜0.05);联合药物组(1.25±0.89)次和(0.70±0.7 1)次,(0.1 3±0.1 2)h和(0.11±0.07)h均少于托特罗定组(P＜0.05).拔除尿管时间:联合药物组(5.3±0.7)d、托特罗定组(5.2±0.8)d、吲哚美辛组(5.2±0.9)d均较对照组(6.4±0.5)d短差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),治疗组间差异无统计学意义.结论 TURP术后早期预防性联合使用酒石酸托特罗定片与吲哚荚辛直肠栓剂是解决患者膀胱痉挛安全、有效的方法.     

双氯芬酸钠栓治疗前列腺增生症术后膀胱痉挛疗效观察

膀胱痉挛为前列腺增生症(BPH)术后常见并发症,常表现为术后最初几天内的小腹部、膀胱尿道阵发性痉挛性疼痛,可有膀胱憋胀,急迫排尿感,可加重膀胱出血,影响创伤愈合。我们对105例BPH术后膀胱痉挛患者采用双氯芬酸钠治疗,取得了很好的效果。现报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料:2001年1月至2006年12月随机选择我院行前列腺术后出现膀胱痉挛患者105例,其中经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)82例,耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术23例,年龄59~91岁(平均72.2岁),病程6个月~12年。IPSS评分平均为25.4±4.2。术后72h不同程度的出现尿意急迫感,下腹胀痛,肛门坠胀…     

TURP术后膀胱痉挛性疼痛三种镇痛方式的比较

目的比较三种镇痛方法对经尿道前列腺电切术（transurethral prostatic resection,TURP）后膀胱痉挛性疼痛的效果。方法TURP手术患者138例,随机分为三组：56例术后接受硬膜外自控镇痛（patient-controlled epidural analgesic,PCEA）者为PCEA组;47例行静脉自控镇痛（patient-controlledintravenous anesthesia,PCIA）者为PCIA组;35例术后接受吲哚美辛栓肛塞加吗啡肌注为常规镇痛组。比较三组手术当日及术后3 d膀胱痉挛的次数、疼痛评分及膀胱冲洗时间。结果PCEA组与PCIA组膀胱痉挛次数与VAS评分均显著低于常规对照组,膀胱冲洗时间亦短于常规镇痛组（P〈0.01）。结论TURP术后应用PCEA、PCIA预防膀胱痉挛效果好。     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞活化在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用

目的 评价中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞活化在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠176只,体重200 ～ 250 g,9周龄,采用随机数字法,将其分为4组:假手术组(S组,n=40)、神经病理性痛组(NP组,n=40)、生理盐水组(NS组,n=48)和米诺环素组(M组,n=48).NP组、NS组和M组采用慢性坐骨神经缩窄性损伤法制备大鼠神经病理性痛模型;S组仅暴露坐骨神经,而不结扎.术后第7天时,NS组和M组分别于中脑导水管周围灰质的腹外侧区注射生理盐水或米诺环素0.5μl.取8只大鼠,分别于术前1 d(T0)、术后第3天(T1)、第7天给药前30 min(T2)、第7天给药后30 min(T3)、第14天(T4)和第21天(T5)时测定机械痛阈.于T1-5时各处死8只大鼠,取脑组织,行小胶质细胞计数.结果 与S组比较,NP组、NS组和M组T1-5时机械痛阈降低,小胶质细胞计数升高(P＜0.05);NP组和NS组各时点机械痛阈和小胶质细胞计数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与NP组和NS组比较,M组T3时机械痛阈升高,小胶质细胞计数降低(P＜0.05).结论 中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞的活化参与了大鼠神经病理性痛中的形成与维持.     

沈阳男性髋部骨折多于女性原因探讨

为找出沈阳地区髋部骨折发生男性多于女性的原因，探索该病在不发达国家或地区的流行特点，我们再次通过查阅病例记录，对沈阳市１９９４年５０岁以上人口的部分髋部骨折病发生的原因进行了较详细的调查分析。共调查分析２６６髋部骨折病例，其中男１６３例，女１０３例。损伤原因记为单纯摔倒（滑倒或绊倒）、骑自行车摔倒、自行车撞倒、机动车事故和高位跌下（滚楼梯或从较高位置掉下）。结果表明：男女在髋部骨折伤因构成上有差别（Ｐ＝０．００４）。女性髋部骨折的大多数（７０％）是由单纯摔倒引起，而在男性则不足一半（４９％），即男性髋部骨折的一半以上不是由于单纯摔倒而是由各种意外事故造成的（Ｐ＝０．０００８）。在各种意外事故中，男性骑自行车摔倒引起骨折的频率（２８％）明显高于女性（１０％）。除了骑自行车摔倒外，男性由自行车撞倒和高位跌下引起骨折的频率稍高于女性，但无太大差别。机动车事故造成骨折的频率男女基本一致。此结果在一定的程度上说明，１９９４年沈阳５０岁以上的男性髋部骨折发病率高是由于男性发生的各种意外事故多，尤其是骑自行车引起的事故造成的。     

脊髓胶质细胞在大鼠炎性痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在大鼠炎性痛形成中的作用.方法 清洁Ⅱ级成年雄性SD大鼠,体重180～220 g,取蛛网膜下腔置管成功的大鼠65只,随机分为5组(n=13),生理盐水组(NS组):右后肢踝关节外侧皮下注射NS 50μl;炎性痛组(IP组):采用右后肢踝关节外侧皮下注射完全弗氏佐剂50μl的方法制备炎性痛模型;氟代柠檬酸组(FC组):经蛛网膜下腔导管注射FC 1 nmol/10 μl,15 min后右后肢踝关节外侧皮下注射NS 50 μl;NS+IP组:经蛛网膜下腔导管注射NS 10 μl,15 min后制备炎性痛模型;FC+IP组:经蛛网膜下腔导管注射FC 1 nmol/10 μ,15 min后制备炎性痛模型.于模型制备前2 d(T_0)、皮下注射药物前(T_1)和注射药物后2、4、6、8、10、12、24、26 h(T_(2～9))时测定机械缩足阈值(MWT)和热缩足潜伏期(TWL).皮下注射药物后8 h时采用免疫组化法测定脊髓背角星形胶质细胞标记物(GFAP)和小胶质细胞标记物(OX-42)的表达水平.结果 与NS组比较,IP组和NS+IP组T_(3～9)时MWT和TWL降低,FC+IP组T_(3～9)时MWT降低,T_(8,9)时TWL降低,IP组、NS+EP组和FC+EP组脊髓GFAP和OX-42的表达水平均上调(P<0.05);与IP组比较,FC组T_(3～9)时MWT和TWL升高,FC+IP组T_(3～7)时MWT和TWL升高,2组脊髓GFAP和OX-42的表达水平均下调(P<0.05或0.01).结论 脊髓胶质细胞的活化参与了大鼠炎性痛的形成.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.