1985年至2010年中国18个少数民族17岁学生身高趋势分析

目的：分析我国18个少数民族学生1985年至2010年成年身高生长长期变化的特点、规律和趋势。方法：利用1985、1995、2000、2005和2010年全国学生体质调查资料,对蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族、朝鲜族、藏族、苗族、布依族、侗族、白族、土家族、哈尼族、傣族、傈僳族、佤族、纳西族、土族和羌族18个少数民族17岁学生身高进行了分析。结果：我国大部分少数民族男生的成年身高有很大幅度提高,2010年18个少数民族17岁男生平均身高均超过162 cm,回族、蒙古族、朝鲜族17岁男生平均身高均超过170 cm;身高每10年增速超过2 cm的民族分别是回族（2.64 cm/10年）和侗族男生（2.05 cm/10年）,身高每10年增速超过1 cm的民族有朝鲜族（1.99 cm/10年）、藏族（1.90 cm/10年）、哈尼族（1.80 cm/10年）等12个少数民族。2010年,所调查的18个少数民族17岁女生平均身高均超过150 cm,有15个少数民族女生的成年身高出现不同程度的增长,身高每10年增速超过1 cm的民族分别是回族（1.56 cm/10年）和朝鲜族女生（1.29 cm/10年）,身高增长幅度具有显著性的民族有回族（3.89 cm）、朝鲜族（3.23 cm）、侗族（2.35 cm）等9个少数民族（P<0.05）。结论：我国大部分少数民族学生出现了较为明显的生长长期趋势,但各民族男、女生成年身高增长幅度存在明显不平衡,要给予生长长期趋势增长缓慢的少数民族更高的关注度。同时,对成年身高增长较为迅速的少数民族亦要注意其生长长期趋势所带来的负面效应。     

沂蒙山区儿童少年40年来生长发育动态研究

目的研究7～18岁儿童少年的生长发育趋势.方法采用随机整群分层抽样的方法,于1963、1973、1981、1985、2003年对沂蒙山区7～18岁城、乡儿童少年的身高、体重、胸围、坐高准确测量.结果40年来,城市男、女儿童少年平均每10年的身高分别增加3.81cm和3.16cm,体重分别增加3.30kg和2.32kg;乡村男、女儿童少年平均每10年的身高分别增加3.61cm和3.12cm,体重分别增加2.67kg和2.24kg.儿童少年的生长发育表现出明显的男、女差异和城、乡差异.男、女儿童少年各项形态指标的两次交叉年龄提前2～3年;突增高峰年龄:城市男、女儿童少年提前2～3年,乡村男、女儿童少年提前1～2年.结论四项形态指标发育水平有逐年提高的趋势,为今后政府部门的决策提供了可靠依据.     

1985～2005年中国7～18岁学生身高、体重变化趋势分析

目的：分析我国儿童、青少年20年间身高和体重的变化趋势及其特点。 方法：选择1985、1995和2005年的全国学生体质与健康调研数据,以身高和体重为指标,应用LMS方法绘制我国7～18岁学生身高、体重的第5、第50、第95百分位曲线,并进行比较。 结果：1985～1995年,7～18岁城市男生、乡村男生、城市女生、乡村女生第50百分位身高平均增幅分别为3.1、3.5、2.2和2.8 cm,体重平均增幅分别为3.2、1.9、2.0和1.3 kg;1995～2005年,7～18岁城市男生、乡村男生、城市女生、乡村女生第50百分位身高平均增幅分别为2.0、2.3、1.3和1.7 cm,体重平均增幅分别为3.1、1.9、1.7和1.2 kg。20年间, 7～18岁儿童、青少年生长增长的主要表现为：（1）各年龄组学生身高和体重都有明显增长;（2）身高和体重的第95百分位增长的幅度>第50百分位增长的幅度>第5百分位增长的幅度;（3）乡村学生身高和体重增长的平均幅度大于城市学生;（4）成年身高增长的幅度小于各年龄组身高增长的平均幅度;（5）1995～2005年身高增长的平均幅度明显小于1985～1995年,但1995～2005年成年身高增长的幅度大于1985～1995年。 结论：我国儿童、青少年的生长发育水平呈快速生长趋势,发育较好的儿童、青少年身高、体重增长的幅度更大。     

1985—2019年新疆维吾尔族7~18岁中小学生身高生长趋势及不平衡性分析

目的：了解新疆7~18岁维吾尔族中小学生身高的发育情况、变化趋势及城乡不平衡性。方法：选取 1985、2000、 2010年和2019年4次全国学生体质与健康调研中的新疆7~18岁维吾尔族中小学生共18 112例,分为城男、乡男、城女、乡女4个群体,计算各阶段身高的增幅、每10年增速、发育高峰年龄及变异系数,对差异进行单因素方差分析。结果：1985—2019年,新疆维吾尔族 7~18 岁中小学生身高总体呈增加趋势,城男、乡男、城女、乡女平均身高分别增长了 7.59、5.27、6.00、2.88 cm（P均 ＜ 0.001）。各年龄组增幅不一,男生和城市学生增幅较大。城市学生2010—2019年身高增速最快（城男4.65 cm/10 年、城女4.97 cm/10 年）,乡村学生1985—2000年身高增速最快（乡男4.04 cm/10 年、乡女3.22 cm/10年）,2000—2010年各组身高均呈负增长。维吾尔族7~ 18岁中小学生除城女身高突增高峰年龄提前外,城男、乡男和乡女突增高峰年龄较平稳,近年有下降趋势;维吾尔族城市18岁男女平均身高差从1985的11.39 cm增大到2019年的14.20 cm,乡村地区从1985年的11.44 cm增大到2019年的13.26 cm,乡村学生增长潜力较大。身高不平衡使用身高变异系数（coefficient of variation of height,CV-h）来衡量,结果表明,34 年间乡村学生 CV-h有减小趋势,城市学生CV-h则增大,2010年开始城市学生CV-h大于乡村学生,各年份男生CV-h均大于女生。结论：维吾尔族7~18岁中小学生身高呈持续增长趋势,总体增速减缓,特别是乡村男女,但城市增速增高;维吾尔族学生存在明显的城乡身高不平衡现象,城市内部不平衡性扩大,乡村减小。应更多地关注这些地区差异,并制定政策和战略,以减少身高不平衡性。     

赣州市儿童少年生长发育现状及原因初探

本文报告了赣州市7～18岁儿童少年1995年身高，体重和胸围生长发育的状况，并与本市1985年的生长发育资料进行了对比分析。10年来，赣州市7～18岁儿童少年生长发育的长期趋势是明显的，男生身高．体重，胸围分别平均增长2.0cm,2.0kg,2.5cm；女生分别平均增长2.5cm,1.6kg,1.7cm。     

濮阳市0～6岁城区儿童体格发育状况分析

目的：了解和掌握濮阳市0～6岁城区儿童体格发育的衡量数字,并提供0～6岁儿童的体格发育参考数据。方法：对我院儿保科2006～2010年儿童健康体检底册进行统计分析,调查濮阳市区内6岁以下儿童体重、身高（长）、坐高（顶臀长）、头围、胸围5项指标;将5 326名儿童分为男、女各12个年龄组,每个年龄组500～600名儿童。结果：2010年我市儿童的体重、身高和坐高值与2005年《中国九市城区0～7岁儿童体格发育的衡量数字》相比增长明显,且随年龄增长,增幅逐渐增大;头围、胸围值也有一定增长。5年间我市0～6岁儿童的体重、身高值呈快速增长趋势。结论：我市城区6岁以下儿童的体格发育生长水平及营养状况较4年前有明显改善,儿童的平均生长水平基本达到2006年世界卫生组织颁布的儿童生长标准。     

都匀市4岁～6岁布依族和苗族儿童生长发育水平比较研究

目的了解都匀市4岁~6岁布依族和苗族儿童生长发育状况,为儿童健康宣教提供依据。方法 2013年1月-2月间,随机抽取都匀市4岁~6岁布依族和苗族儿童进行生长发育状况调查,测量身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)值并进行分析。结果布依族4岁~6岁男女儿童身高、体重、BMI值发育水平分别与苗族同年龄段儿童比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论都匀市4岁~6岁布依族和苗族儿童的发育存在一定差异,布依族男、女儿童的发育水平优于苗族儿童。     

重组人生长激素长疗程治疗特发性矮小症疗效观察

目的探讨基因重组人生长激素(recombinant human growth hormone,rhGH)对特发性矮小症(idiopathic shortstature,ISS)儿童长疗程治疗的疗效。方法 60例ISS患儿(男性21例,女性39例),每晚皮下注射rhGH 0.15～0.18IU/(kg.d),疗程1～3年。评价治疗前后身高、生长速度、身高标准差计数(SDS)、骨龄、预测成年身高变化及副作用。结果①rhGH治疗1～3年期间,60例患儿生长速率由治疗前的每年(4.51±0.46)cm分别提高到(10.97±2.53)、(8.11±1.54)cm和(7.13±2.07)cm;身高SDS由治疗前(-2.60±0.57)增至(-1.62±0.64)、(-1.29±0.89)及(-0.12±0.45);预测成人身高由治疗前(151.62±8.46)cm分别增加为(157.33±8.50)、(160.72±10.31)cm和(165.81±7.46)cm(P<0.05)。②不同青春期开始治疗的疗效比较,TannerⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患儿生长速率相接近,明显高于Ⅳ期。③骨龄增长低于身高年龄增长(P<0.05),而与年龄增长相一致(P>0.05)。结论长疗程rhGH治疗对ISS有明显的促生长效应,增加了预测成年身高;青春期前、青春早中期开始治疗的疗效优于青春晚期;长疗程的rhGH治疗未引起骨龄和青春期提前。     

南京市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查分析

目的:对南京市7岁以下儿童体格发育情况进行调查与分析,以掌握其变化规律,为儿童保健工作提供科学依据.方法:根据<2005年中国九市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查研究实施方案>,采用按年龄组距要求分层随机整群抽样的方法,分城、郊及男、女各22个年龄组,共调查16 106名7岁以下健康儿童体格发育的5项指标(体重、身高、头围、坐高、胸围)进行城郊比较,并与1985年、1995年我国九市标准及2006年WHO推荐标准比较.结果:体重、身高随年龄增长其增长速度呈下降的趋势.第1年增长最快,3月龄的体重约为出生体重的2.1倍,出生第2年体重增加仅为2.5～3.0 kg.身高第1年增长25～28 cm,第2年增长12～13 cm,学龄前期平均每年增长7 cm.5项体格发育指标均存在性别差异;城郊各年龄组各项指标差异各不相同,主要表现为城区儿童体格生长超过郊区;儿童体格发育指标显著超出1995年九市标准,且大多已超过2006年WHO标准.结论:南京市7岁以下儿童体格发育呈快速增长趋势,城乡差异依然存在,儿童保健的工作重心应相应作出调整,要进一步加强对农村儿童的营养指导,促进其健康发展.     

广州地区市属幼儿园儿童体格生长发育普查结果分析

目的：了解广州地区儿童体格生长和肥胖发生率的情况以及有否青春期发育提前.方法：对广州地区市属三所一级幼儿园1788名3～7岁儿童进行身高、体质量和性征发育检查.结果：男、女童身高、体质量较1985年全国9市城区正常男女童的平均水平明显增高,较1995年稍高.肥胖儿童检出率为3.4%,5岁半起肥胖儿童明显增多,以轻度肥胖为主,男女童肥胖发生率无明显差别.女孩乳房发育发生率为1.5%,男孩无1例出现性征发育.结论：广州地区幼儿身高体质量略高于8年前,明显高于18年前全国九市城区正常男女童的平均水平.肥胖儿童检出率较高,应尽早干预.青春期发育无明显提前,性早熟的诊断标准仍适用.     

Secular Changes of Stature in Rural Children and Adolescents in China, 1985-2010

Objective To analyze and assess secular change in stature in rural children and adolescents in China from 1985 to 2010.Methods Data were obtained from the 6 rounds of the Chinese National Survey on Student’s Constitution and Health.The subjects enrolled in the study were children and adolescents aged 7-18years in rural areas of provincial capitals.Results An overall positive secular trend in stature occurred in rural areas of provincial capitals in China from 1985 to 2010.The overall average increase rates were 3.1 and 2.4 cm/decade for boys and girls,respectively.The total body height increases for grown up boys and girls were 3.6 and 2.3 cm and the increase rates were 1.4 and 0.9 cm/decade,respectively.There were differences in body height increase among eastern,central and western regions.The average body height of the children or adolescents in eastern region was highest,followed by central region and western region.The overall increase rates in central region were highest among the three regions.The difference between eastern/central region and western region was obvious.Conclusion Positive secular trend in stature of children or adolescents has occurred in rural area of China,and rural boys and girls showed a great potential for continuous growth.More attention should be paid to the differences in children’s body height between western region and eastern/central region.     

Secular Change in Stature of Urban Chinese Children and Adolescents, 1985-2010

Objective Research evidence shows a secular trend in Chinese physical growth in recent years.The aim of this study was to analyze and assess changes in stature of children and adolescents during the 25 years from 1985‐2010,using national data.Methods Data came from successive cycles of the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health(CNSSCH).Subjects were 7‐ to 18‐year‐old children and adolescents.Results An overall positive secular trend occurred in urban China during 1985‐2010.The overall average rates of increment were 2.4 and 1.7 cm/decade for boys and girls,respectively.Total increases in adult stature for boys and girls were 2.6 and 1.7 cm,yielding rates of 1.0 and 0.7 cm/decade,respectively.Cities with different socioeconomic levels had different characteristic trends.Mean stature increases in big cities were larger than those in moderate and small cities,and boys and girls in moderate and small cities showed greater potential for growth in stature.Conclusion An overall positive secular growth trend was associated with socioeconomic progress and differed with area socioeconomic levels.School policies and strategies should be developed based on increased stature,and should continue narrowing the inequity between different socioeconomic populations.     

The Influence of Secular Trends in Body Height and Weight on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Children and Adolescents

Objective To explore the influence of secular trends in body height and weight on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods The data were obtained from five cross-sectional Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI-for-age Z-score of per the Wold Health Organization (WHO) reference values. Body height and weight for each sex and age were standardized to those reported in 1985 (standardized height: SHY; standardized weight: SWY) and for each sex and year at age 7 (standardized height: SHA; standardized weight: SWA) using the Z-score method. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Chinese children was 20.2% among boys and 10.7%among girls in 2010 and increased continuously from 1985 to 2010. Among boys and girls of normal weight, SHY and SHA were significantly greater than SWY and SWA, respectively (P < 0.001). Among boys and girls with overweight/obesity, SHY was significantly lower than SWY (P < 0.001), and showed an obvious decreasing trend after age 12. SHA was lower than SWA among overweight boys aged 7-8 years and girls aged 7-9 years. SHY/SHW and SHA/SWA among normal-weight groups were greater than among overweight and obese groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion The continuous increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Chinese children may be related to a rapid increase in body weight before age 9 and lack of secular increase in body height after age 12.     

Nationwide reference data for height, weight and body mass index of Indian schoolchildren

BACKGROUND. The assessment of growth is crucial for child care and reference data are central to growth monitoring. We aimed to assess the height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of Indian schoolchildren in order to develop genderappropriate growth charts for children 5-18 years of age. METHODS. Cross-sectional evaluation of anthropometric parameters (height, weight and BMI) was done in Indian schoolchildren (3-18 years) randomly selected from both fee-paying (upper socioeconomic strata) and non-fee paying (lower socioeconomic strata) schools from 4 regions (north, south, east and west) of India. A total of 106 843 children were evaluated, of which 42 214 children (19 303 boys, 22 911 girls) were from the lower socioeconomic strata and 64 629 children (34 411 boys, 30 218 girls) were from the upper socioeconomic strata. Normative charts, using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method to smoothen the curves, were drawn from children belonging to the upper socioeconomic strata, in view of the gross discrepancy between the two socioeconomic strata. RESULTS. Height, weight and BMI percentile (3rd, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th and 97th) data were calculated and charts generated. The height of boys and girls was consistently higher at all ages when compared with earlier India data, but the final height was 2-4 cm lower than that reported in the WHO multicentre study of 2007. Weight centiles showed a rising trend both in boys and girls compared not only to earlier Indian data published in 1992, but also to that reported by the WHO multicentre study. The median weight at all ages in both boys and girls was approximately 4 kg more than that reported in affluent Indian children two decades earlier. CONCLUSION. This large nationwide study indicates secular trends in height, weight and BMI in Indian children from the upper socioeconomic strata. We suggest that the height and weight percentiles reported by us may be used as reference standards for India.     

The effect of platyspondyly and pubertal growth spurt on the stature of patients with beta-thalassaemia major

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the body proportion and pubertal growth spurt on the stature of children with beta-thalassaemia major.

METHODS The height, sitting height, upper to lower segment (U:L) ratio and pubertal development were determined in 71 Chinese children (38 girls and 33 boys) with beta-thalassaemia. The growth patterns of 20 patients with complete growth data between 3 years and final height, were analyzed according to whether they underwent a pubertal growth spurt or not.

RESULTS 27% of the boys and 32% of the girls had a height below the 3rd percentile. About 60% of all the children had a U:L ratio below the 10th percentile for age. Abnormal body proportion was found in patients with or without growth retardation. 34% of the 41 children over the age of 14 years underwent spontaneous puberty. In 28 patients over the age of 16 years, a growth spurt was observed in 46% of the children during spontaneous or induced puberty. The retrospective analysis showed that the height deviation from the mean in adulthood was significantly higher in patients without pubertal growth acceleration than in those with a growth spurt (x = -11.8 cm, s = 7.6 cm vs x = -4.4 cm, s = 4.4 cm; P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS An abnormal U:L ratio was commonly observed in patients with beta-thalassaemia major and may be one factor contributing to the short stature of these patients. Abnormal puberty was present in a significant proportion of children and the lack of a pubertal growth spurt was found to be detrimental to adult height.

     

Physical Growth of Children in Urban,Suburban and Rural Mainland China：A Study of 20 Years＇ Change

Objective To describe secular trends on physical growth of children in China during the year of 1985‐2005 and to analyze the urban‐suburban‐rural difference and its change. Methods The measurements of height, weight and chest circumference obtained from two serial national cross‐sectional surveys for children aged 0 to 7 years in China were used to analyze the secular trends, and the growth differences among urban, suburban and rural children were compared. Results The average weight and height for both boy...     

Height centile curve for child and adolescents in Shaanxi province

Objective:It has been recommended that age-related centile curves of anthropometric indexes(such as height,weight)be used rountinly to evaluate the growth and development statues in children.Prewsented here is the age-related height centile curves for children aged 0-18 years in Shaanxi,China,1995.Methods:Data of the Shaanxi population were retrieved from The Third Nationwide Growth Survey to construct the age-related height centile curves.The LMS method was used for curve fitting;all analyses were carried out on the basis of different sexes through a special program for LMS(λ-median-coefficient)method which was devised by Cole TJ.Results:Centile curves for boys and girls,showing similar age-related features but girls‘ puberty coming two years earlier than boys‘.The period of puberty growth increment was about 2 years longer for boys.At age 18,boys were taller than girls for about 14 cm.Compared with beight standard of NCHS(national center of bealth statistics).Shaanxi children were taller than American children before 14 years for boys,12 years for girls,but after 15 years for boys and 13 years for girls,Shaanxi chilgren were shorter than American ones.At age 18,Shaanxi children was 5.6 cm for boys and 4.9 cm for girls shorter than NCHS.Shaanxi children‘s height increase range from 1958 to 1995 at the same age was 4.9-15.1 cm,with the mean of 9.59 cm for boys,and 3.7-12.5 cm,with the mean of 8.38 cm for girls.Between 1958-1995,the increasing velocity every ten years were 2.57 cm for boys and 2.26 cm for girls,which indicated that the children have reached the optimum.Conclusion:By means of LMS method,we constructed age-related height centile curves for Shaanxi children aged 0-18 years,these height centile curves are the first one for the Chinese children.It can be used as a reference for assessing growth and development status of Shaanxi children aged 0-18 years.     

上海市闵行区学生体质指数分布情况及肥胖流行现状研究

背景　随着我国经济的快速发展,上海市面临着严峻的学生肥胖流行现状。因此,了解上海市学生体质指数（BMI）分布情况及肥胖流行现状,对我国进行儿童肥胖标准的修订和精准干预十分重要。目的　分析上海市闵行区学生BMI分布特征和肥胖流行现状,为我国制定相关卫生政策提供科学证据。方法　从上海市闵行区2016年度学生健康体格检查（以下简称体检）资料中,选取基本人口学信息、身高和体质量资料完整,月龄≥84个月（7岁）且<216个月（18岁）的中小学生作为研究对象,共95 360名（其中男生49 926名、女生45 434名）。采用广义可加模型拟合上海市闵行区中小学生BMI百分位数曲线;并以2010年全国第六次人口普查中7~18岁人口作为标准人口,计算其标准化超重率、肥胖率、超重肥胖合计率。将上海市闵行区中小学生BMI百分位数曲线及计算出的标准化超重率、肥胖率、超重肥胖合计率分别与“2005年九城数据”BMI百分位数曲线（源自教育部组织实施的“2005年中国学生体质与健康调查研究”中来自北京、哈尔滨、西安、上海、南京、武汉、广州、福州、昆明9个城市数据拟合的BMI百分位数曲线）、“2014年中国汉族城市男、女生数据”（源自教育部组织实施的“2014年中国学生体质与健康调研报告”中7~18岁汉族城市样本数据）进行比较。结果　上海市闵行区男、女生BMI百分位数曲线均呈现随年龄增长不断上升的趋势,相同百分位数男生曲线BMI均比女生曲线BMI高,且男女生之间没有交叉。与“2005年九城数据”拟合的BMI百分位数曲线相比,不同性别的上海市闵行区中小学生BMI随年龄上升趋势相同,但在相同年龄时上海市闵行区中小学生BMI均高于“2005年九城数据”。上海市闵行区男生标准化超重率、肥胖率、超重肥胖合计率分别为15.9%、20.6%、36.5%,女生为7.8%、12.8%、20.6%,均高于2014年全国汉族城市男、女生数据标准化水平。小学阶段（7~11岁）：公办学校和Ⅰ类民办学校男生标准化超重肥胖合计率高于Ⅱ类民办学校（χ2值分别为124.36、39.88,P值均<0.001）,公办学校女生超重肥胖合计率高于Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类民办学校（χ2值分别为12.87、43.78,P值均<0.05）。中学阶段（12~18岁）：Ⅰ类民办学校男生标准化超重肥胖合计率高于公办学校（χ2=15.08,P<0.05）,公办学校和Ⅰ类民办学校女生超重肥胖合计率比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.91,P=0.17）。结论　上海市闵行区中小学群体中,男、女生BMI百分位数曲线均呈现随年龄增长不断上升的趋势,相同百分位数男生曲线BMI均较女生曲线BMI高;男生超重率和肥胖率较明显,建议卫生部门和教育部门联合采取社区-学校-家庭联动干预措施,为降低成年期慢性病患病率打好前期基础。     

内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童体格发育调查

  目的  调查内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童的体格发育情况。  方法  在2017年10月—2018年10月期间,采用分层整群抽样的方法选取内蒙古自治区4盟市(呼和浩特市、包头市、通辽市、呼伦贝尔市)15 199名儿童为研究对象,收集身高、体重并计算体重指数;以2005年九市儿童体格发育调查数据为参考标准,计算超重、肥胖的检出率,并分析其特点。  结果  内蒙古自治区3~18岁男、女儿童均有2个身高增长高峰段,男童为3~4岁和11岁阶段;女童为4~5岁和10~11岁阶段;随年龄的增长体重增长无明显规律,青春期前后出现增幅单高峰,男、女儿童分别出现在15岁、10岁。各年龄段身高、体重均明显高于2005中国九市标准(均P＜0.001),其中6岁男童、13岁女童身高超过全国标准最明显;7岁男童、10岁女童体重高于全国标准最明显。超重的总检出率为12.31%,肥胖的总检出率为20.27%,其中男、女童超重检出率差异无统计学意义,分别为11.55%、13.10%(P=0.132);男童肥胖检出率显著高于女童,分别为22.67%、17.76%(P＜0.001)。  结论  内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童体格发育状况良好,但超重、肥胖检出率高。建议相关部门重视儿童的体格发育,加强儿童健康管理,养成良好的生活习惯。