CT检查对诊断胆囊腺肌症的效能分析*

目的 总结胆囊腺肌症与胆囊癌患者多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现特征。方法 2015年9月～2020年9月我院诊治的胆囊腺肌症患者113例和胆囊癌患者78例,均接受MSCT和超声检查,外科手术治疗后行组织病理学检查。结果 MSCT检查结果与术后组织病理学检查结果的一致性(Kappa=0.749)显著高于超声检查(Kappa=0.577);MSCT诊断胆囊腺肌症的准确度为88.0%,显著高于超声检查的79.6%(P<0.05);MSCT对局限型胆囊腺肌症的检出率为97.1%,显著高于超声检查的82.9%(P<0.05);在CT检查上,胆囊腺肌症表现为胆囊壁光滑、RAS窦和肝胆交界清楚显示率分别为36.3%、36.3%和69.0%,显著高于胆囊癌组的9.0%、6.4%和38.5%(P<0.05)。结论 MSCT检查诊断胆囊腺肌症有较高的正确率,其特征有助于与胆囊癌鉴别。     

三种影像学方法诊断肝外胆管结石比较研究

目的 探讨采用超声、腹部CT和磁共振胆管成像(MRCP)诊断肝外胆管结石的效能。方法 2017年3月～2019年2月在我院治疗的肝外胆道梗阻性病变患者107例,术前行腹部超声、CT和MRCP检查,以术后病理学检查为金标准,采用ROC曲线分析腹部超声、CT和MRCP诊断肝外胆管结石的效能。结果 本组病例经手术后病理学检查,诊断肝外胆管结石59例;超声、CT和MRCP诊断结石分别为64.4%、67.8%和84.7%(P<0.05);对于直径≤8 mm的结石,MRCP的诊断率为80.0%(32/40),显著高于超声诊断的60.0%(24/40)或腹部CT诊断的57.5%(23/40),MRCP对结石的定位准确率为84.8%(50/59),也显著高于超声检查的66.1%(39/59)或腹部CT检查的67.8%(40/59,P<0.05);MRCP诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为84.8%(50/59)、89.6%(43/48)和86.9%(93/107),显著高于超声检查【分别为64.4%(38/59)、83.3%(40/48)和72.9%(78/107),P<0.05】或腹部CT检查【分别为67.8%(40/59)、81.3%(39/48)和73.8%(79/107),P<0.05】。结论 MRCP诊断肝外胆管结石的效能较高,优于腹部CT或超声检查,尤其是对直径≤8 mm的小结石,应该引起重视。     

CT扫描三维重建技术在巨块型原发性肝癌可切除性评估中的应用*

目的 探讨计算机断层扫描(CT)三维重建技术在巨块型原发性肝癌(PLC)可切除性评估中的应用价值。方法 2018年1月～2020年1月我院收治的68例巨块型PLC患者,术前行CT检查,应用三维可视化软件-MI-3DVS完成三维重建,观察肿瘤大小、形态、血供及其与周围组织的关系,评判肿瘤的可切除性。以术后组织病理学检查和实际手术为金标准,通过一致性分析CT扫描三维重建评估的效能。结果 术前,68例患者均完成CT扫描三维重建,发现肿瘤累及肝动脉18例,肿瘤累及门静脉20例,淋巴结转移12例;经评估,42例(61.8%)巨块型PLC患者可行切除性手术,而在实际手术过程中,45例(66.2%)患者接受了切除性手术治疗;经一致性分析发现,CT扫描三维重建评估肿瘤累及肝动脉的灵敏度为84.2%,特异度为95.9%,准确率为92.6%,阳性预测值为88.9%,阴性预测值为94.0%,Kappa为0.814;肿瘤累及门静脉的灵敏度为86.4%,特异度为97.8%,准确率为94.1%,阳性预测值为95.0%,阴性预测值为93.8%,Kappa为0.862;评估淋巴结转移的的灵敏度为84.6%,特异度为98.2%,准确率为95.6%,阳性预测值为91.7%,阴性预测值为96.4%,Kappa为0.853;评估巨块型PLC可切除性的灵敏度为91.1%,特异度为95.7%,准确率为92.6%,阳性预测值为97.6%,阴性预测值为86.4%,Kappa为0.841。结论 应用CT扫描三维重建技术能够对巨块型PLC患者肿瘤累及血管和淋巴结转移情况进行评估,对切除性手术的可行性评估具有指导意义。     

超声造影对肝硬化小结节的诊断价值探讨

目的 探讨超声造影对肝硬化小结节的诊断价值。方法 2012年2月~2016年2月我院收治的130例肝硬化患者,分别进行增强CT扫描和超声造影检查。结果 在130例肝硬化患者肝内169个小结节中,经手术或肝活检组织病理学检查确诊为肝癌92例（70.8%）,包括115个病灶;增强CT扫描发现符合肝癌表现者62例,其Kappa值为0.250,诊断的准确率为65.4%（85/130）,敏感性为67.4%（62/92）,特异性为60.5%（23/38）;超声造影发现符合肝癌表现者87例,其Kappa值为0.871,诊断准确率为94.6%（123/130）,敏感性为94.6%（87/92）,特异性为94.7%（36/38）,两者相比,差异显著（P<0.05）;增强CT扫描和超声造影诊断的AUC分别为0.630和0.935,后者明显大于前者（P<0.05）。结论 超声造影能显著提高对肝硬化小结节的定性诊断,值得临床进一步研究。     

肝脓肿患者超声造影特点及诊断价值分析

目的 研究肝脓肿患者超声造影(CEUS)检查表现特点及诊断价值。方法 2016年4月～2019年4月我院收治的120例肝脓肿患者,行常规二维超声和CEUS检查,分析其影像学特征,以穿刺治疗结果为金标准,分析CEUS和常规二维超声诊断肝脓肿病灶的一致性。结果 在120例患者中,脓肿炎性期22例,脓肿形成初期42例和脓肿形成期56例;常规二维超声检出107例(89.2%),其中脓肿炎性期和脓肿形成初期影像学表现为不规则或规则病灶,病灶边界不清晰或清晰,病灶内未见液性暗区,可见血流信号,脓肿形成期影像学表现为不规则或规则病灶,病灶边界不清晰或清晰,病灶内见液性暗区,无血流信号;CEUS检出肝脓肿117例(95.0%),其中脓肿炎性期和脓肿形成初期影像学表现为病灶动脉期高增强,门静脉期和延迟期低增强,显示范围较常规超声明显增大,脓肿形成期影像学表现为病灶动脉期高增强,门静脉期和延迟期低增强现象减少,显示范围较常规超声明显增大;CEUS诊断肝脓肿病灶的灵敏度为95.0%,特异度为76.9%,阳性预测值为89.7%,阴性预测值为33.3%,Kappa值为0.88。结论 不同病程的肝脓肿CEUS影像学表现各有特点,其诊断肝脓肿的灵敏度、特异度和准确性均较高,在鉴别诊断有困难时可以考虑应用。     

影像学检查评估TACE治疗的原发性肝癌患者术后残余肿瘤活性价值研究

目的 探讨超声(US)、电子计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)检查评估原发性肝癌(PLC)患者在经导管动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)治疗术后肿瘤活性的价值。方法 2015年3月~2019年1月我院放射介入科行TACE治疗的60例PLC患者,术后3~5周行 US、CT、MRI及数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查。以DSA检查结果为金标准,评判US、CT和MRI对残余病灶活性检出率的差异。结果 在60例PLC患者,术后DSA 检测出72个病灶,以此为金标准,结果MRI检出65个(90.3%)病灶,US检出34个(47.2%)病灶,CT检出55个(76.4%)病灶,提示US检出率最低(P<0.05);MRI检出的灵敏度、特异度和准确性分别为87.5%、95.8%和83.3%,而US检出分别为41.6%、97.9%和39.5%,CT检出分别为75.0%、89.5%和64.5%,提示MRI检出的灵敏度和准确性显著高于US或CT检查(P＜0.05),而三种方法检出的特异度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 介入手术治疗后,需采用影像学方法检查及时评估残余肿瘤活性,以决定后期治疗,以MRI检查的效能最好,但其费用可能较高。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者血清载脂蛋白B水平及其临床意义探讨*

目的 研究非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者血清载脂蛋白B（ApoB）水平变化及其临床意义。方法 2015年2月~2017年11月在我院体检人群1451例,经超声和 FibroTouch检查诊断NAFLD,采用免疫比浊法测定血清ApoB水平。结果 在1451例体检人群中,发现NAFLD患者360例（24.8%）;NAFLD组血清ApoB水平为（1.07±0.24） g/L,显著高于1091例对照组【（0.88±0.27） g/L,P<0.01】;把血清ApoB水平分为263例Q1（<0.73 g/L）、364例Q2（0.73~0.85 g/L）、321例Q3（0.86~0.99 g/L）、300例Q4（1.0~1.16 g/L）和203例Q5（≥1.17 g/L）组,其NAFLD检出率分别为4.2%、9.9%、19.0%、25.0%和34.5%,显示随着血清ApoB水平的升高,NAFLD患病率也显著上升（P<0.05）;同样,随着血清ApoB水平升高,代谢综合征各临床表型发生率也显著升高;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、舒张压、体质指数、血清TC、HDL、FPG和ApoB是发生NAFLD的危险因素。结论 血清ApoB水平升高是发生NAFLD的危险因素,发现血清ApoB水平升高者,应及时行相关检查以明确NAFLD的存在,对于临床上早期干预可能具有重要的意义。     

应用肝脏影像报告与数据管理系统诊断肝细胞癌的价值研究*

目的 探讨应用肝脏影像报告与数据管理系统(LI-RADS)诊断肝细胞癌(HCC)的价值,以规范化HCC的影像学诊断。方法 对200例存在慢性乙型肝炎或/和肝硬化、酗酒、血清甲胎蛋白升高的HCC高风险人群行CT和MRI常规平扫和增强检查,依据LI-RADS v2017分级标准进行评定,由两名放射科医师进行盲法评定,1个月后,再由同一名医生进行再次评定,评估两次评定的同一性。在LI-RADS分级中,LR-1、LR-2被看作是良性病变,LR-4、LR-5和LR-5TIV为恶性病变,以组织病理学检查作为诊断的金标准,计算LI-RADS诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果 在200例肝脏病变患者,病理学检查诊断125例为HCC,27例为肝内胆管细胞癌,9例为肝转移癌,39例为良性病灶;运用LI-RADS分级,CT诊断17例为良性,151例为恶性,而MRI诊断17例为良性,169例为恶性;CT诊断两次评级的Kappa值为0.912 (P < 0.001),而MRI诊断图像的数据显示,两次评级的Kappa值为1.000 (P < 0.001),说明在MRI检查运用LI-RADS分级判断HCC的准确度比CT高;运用LI-RADS分级标准,CT诊断HCC的灵敏度、特异度和准确性分别为95.4%、81.2%和90.2%,而MRI诊断HCC的灵敏度、特异度和准确性分别为100%、85.4%和92.4%。结论 在CT和MR检查中应用LI-RADS分级评估可以提高诊断HCC的准确度,且可重复性好。在CT检查评定分为LR-3的病变,可能为HCC,建议重新检查MRI或随访,而经MRI检查仍然评定为LR-3的病变则需要密切随访。     

应用CTA技术和超声评估肝移植术患者术前肝脏血供状态研究*

目的 研究计算机断层扫描血管成像(CTA)和超声检测评估肝移植术患者术前肝脏血管解剖变异和管腔通畅性。方法 2014年5月～2020年5月我院收治的接受肝移植手术患者138例,术前均行腹部三期CT增强扫描、CTA后处理[包括容积再现(VR)和最大密度投影(MIP)等重建和超声检查。分析肝动脉、门静脉、肝静脉和下腔静脉及其侧支循环情况。结果 138例患者中,CTA显示107例(77.5%)肝动脉解剖起源和走行正常(Michels aⅠ型),31例(22.5%)存在肝动脉解剖变异,肝动脉管腔未出现狭窄和异常扩张情况,1例(0.7%)合并脾动脉瘤;136例患者术中肝动脉解剖与术前CTA评估一致;CTA诊断血栓和瘤栓的灵敏度和准确度分别为83.3%和68.6%,而超声检查诊断为58.3%(P<0.05)和60.0%;超声和CTA诊断肝静脉和下腔静脉通畅性的准确率均为99.3%。结论 相对于超声检查,CTA检查可准确评估肝移植术前肝动脉解剖变异情况,对门静脉栓子定性诊断的准确性也较高,且可清晰显示门静脉侧支循环开放情况。     

经直肠前列腺超声造影联合血清前列腺特异性抗原诊断前列腺癌的价值

目的探究经直肠前列腺超声造影联合血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)诊断前列腺癌的价值。方法回顾性分析上饶市人民医院于2016年1月至2018年2月收治的126例前列腺疾病患者的临床资料,治疗前均行直肠前列腺超声造影、血清PSA检查。将术后病理结果作为金标准,对比经直肠前列腺超声造影、PSA、超声联合PSA诊断的特异度、灵敏度、准确度及病理诊断结果的Kappa一致性系数。结果经直肠前列腺超声造影、PSA、超声联合PSA与手术病理诊断的Kappa一致性系数分别为0.73、0.71、0.87,超声联合PSA诊断前列腺癌一致性最高。超声联合PSA诊断前列腺癌的特异度为88.2%,准确度为84.9%,灵敏度为78.1%,均高于单独的经直肠前列腺超声造影及PSA。结论经直肠前列腺超声造影联合血清PSA诊断前列腺癌的特异度、灵敏度及准确度均较高,且与病理学诊断一致性最好。     

Meta-analyses of FibroTest diagnostic value in chronic liver disease

Background

FibroTest (FT) is a biomarker of liver fibrosis initially validated in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The aim was to test two hypotheses, one, that the FT diagnostic value was similar in the three other frequent fibrotic diseases: chronic hepatitis B (CHB), alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); and the other, that the FT diagnostic value was similar for intermediate and extreme fibrosis stages.

Methods

The main end points were the FT area under the ROC curves (AUROCs) for the diagnosis of bridging fibrosis (F2F3F4 vs. F0F1), standardized for the spectrum of fibrosis stages, and the comparison of FT AUROCs between adjacent stages. Two meta-analyses were performed: one combining all the published studies (random model), and one of an integrated data base combining individual data. Sensitivity analysis integrated the independency of authors, lenght of biopsy, prospective design, respect of procedures, comorbidities, and duration between biopsy and serum sampling.

Results

A total of 30 studies were included which pooled 6,378 subjects with both FT and biopsy (3,501 HCV, 1,457 HBV, 267 NAFLD, 429 ALD, and 724 mixed). Individual data were analyzed in 3,282 patients. The mean standardized AUROC was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.83–0.86), without differences between causes of liver disease: HCV 0.85 (0.82–0.87), HBV 0.80 (0.77–0.84), NAFLD 0.84 (0.76–0.92), ALD 0.86 (0.80–0.92), mixed 0.85 (0.80–0.93). The AUROC for the diagnosis of the intermediate adjacent stages F2 vs. F1 (0.66; 0.63–0.68, n = 2,055) did not differ from that of the extreme stages F3 vs. F4 (0.69; 0.65–0.72, n = 817) or F1 vs. F0 (0.62; 0.59–0.65, n = 1788).

Conclusion

FibroTest is an effective alternative to biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and B, ALD and NAFLD. The FT diagnostic value is similar for the diagnosis of intermediate and extreme fibrosis stages.     

多排螺旋CT三期增强与3.0T MR多期动态增强扫描诊断肝细胞癌的价值分析*

目的 探讨3.0T MR多期动态增强扫描与多排螺旋CT三期增强扫描诊断肝细胞癌的价值。方法 2015年9月~2017年9月我院收治的98例肝占位患者,分别行MRI和CT增强扫描检查,采用Kappa检验分析三名医师诊断评分之间的一致性,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）并计算曲线下面积（AUC）判断影像学检查指标的诊断效能。结果 在98例肝占位患者中,病理学检查诊断HCC 86例,再生结节10例,嗜酸性肉芽肿2例;在86例HCC患者中,存在97个病灶,其中32个病灶<1.0 cm;在32个<1.0 cm的HCC病灶中, MRI动态增强扫描发现31个（96.9%）,而多排螺旋CT增强扫描仅发现26个（81.3%,P<0.05）,其余65个超过1.0 cm 的病灶均被两种扫描方法发现和诊断;ROC曲线分析发现,MRI动态增强扫描和多排螺旋CT增强扫描诊断HCC的AUC分别为0.962和0.824,两者相比具有显著性差异（t=3.106,P<0.05）,MRI动态增强扫描诊断HCC的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为99.0%、91.0%和96.2%,显著优于多排螺旋CT增强扫描检查（分别为93.8%、72.0%和85.3%,x²=19.587,P<0.05)。结论 3.0T MR多期动态增强扫描能够更清晰地反映HCC病灶的细微形态特点和强化特征,对于诊断小HCC的价值优于CT增强扫描。     

FibroTouch检测肝硬度值及脂肪衰减值的稳定性分析

目的探讨FibroTouch(FT)检测肝硬度值(LSM)及脂肪衰减值(CAP)的稳定性。方法选择2018年11月20日-2019年1月14日安徽医科大学第二附属医院肝病科门诊行FT检测的慢性HBV感染者(n=177)、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者(n=56)、肝功能异常患者(n=34)以及其他疾病患者(n=42)共309例,对同一受检者的3个不同测量点进行FT检测,运用组内相关系数(ICC)、Bland-Altman法评价测量值的稳定性;运用Kendall’s W检验、饼状图评价诊断结果的稳定性。结果同一受测者的3个不同测量点检测的LSM值和CAP值在不同疾病组的ICC均>0.75(P值均<0.001),其中慢性HBV感染者组的LSM值ICC最大,为0.905;其他疾病组的CAP值的ICC最大,为0.805;而NAFLD组的LSM值和CAP值的ICC均最小,分别为0.785、0.780;3个测量点之间分别绘制Bland-Altman图,一致性限度内的点均维持在95%左右。通过分析,3个测量点的LSM分期及CAP分期的诊断结果的Kendall’s W系数分别为0.825、0.858(P值均<0.001);3个测量点独立诊断F≥2期(LSM>7.3 kPa)和至少达到轻度脂肪肝分期水平(CAP>240 dB/m)与其均值诊断结果完全一致的占比均>60%,仅有1个测量点诊断结果与均值诊断结果一致的占比均<10%。结论FT检测数值及诊断结果均具有很好的稳定性,但为了提高其诊断F≥2期和至少达到轻度脂肪肝分期的稳定性,建议多点测量取平均值进行诊断。     

Diagnostic value of biochemical markers (FibroTest-FibroSURE) for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Background

Liver biopsy is considered as the gold standard for assessing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) histologic lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of non-invasive markers of fibrosis, validated in chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease (FibroTest, FT), in patients with NAFLD.

Methods

170 patients with suspected NAFLD were prospectively included in a reference center (Group 1), 97 in a multicenter study (Group 2) and 954 blood donors as controls. Fibrosis was assessed on a 5 stage histological scale validated by Kleiner et al from F0 = none, F1 = perisinusoidal or periportal, F2 = perisinusoidal and portal/periportal, F3 = bridging and F4 = cirrhosis. Histology and the biochemical measurements were blinded to any other characteristics. The area under the ROC curves (AUROC), sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were assessed.

Results

In both groups FT has elevated and not different AUROCs for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis (F2F3F4): 0.86 (95%CI 0.77–0.91) versus 0.75 (95%CI 0.61–0.83; P = 0.10), and for F3F4: 0.92 (95%CI 0.83–0.96) versus 0.81 (95%CI 0.64–0.91; P = 0.12) in Group1 and Group 2 respectively. When the 2 groups were pooled together a FT cutoff of 0.30 had a 90% NPV for advanced fibrosis (Se 77%); a FT cutoff of 0.70 had a 73% PPV for advanced fibrosis (Sp 98%).

Conclusion

In patients with NAFLD, FibroTest, a simple and non-invasive quantitative estimate of liver fibrosis reliably predicts advanced fibrosis.     

Hepatic Steatosis Index in the Detection of Fatty Liver in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving Antiviral Therapy

Background/AimsThe hepatic steatosis index (HSI) is a noninvasive method to assess the severity of hepatic steatosis. Antiviral therapy (AVT) can impact aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, which are the main components of the HSI. Thus, we investigated the accuracy of the HSI in detecting hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving AVT, compared with those not receiving AVT and in those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsPatients with CHB or NAFLD who underwent a magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) evaluation between March 2010 and March 2019 were recruited. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed when the PDFF exceeded 5%. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the HSI in the detection of hepatic steatosis.ResultsThe mean age of the study population (189 men and 116 women; 244 with CHB [184 with and 60 without AVT] and 61 with NAFLD) was 55.6 years. The AUROC values for detecting hepatic steatosis were similar between patients with CHB (0.727; p<0.001) and those with NAFLD (0.739; p=0.002). However, when patients with CHB were subdivided into those receiving and not receiving AVT, the AUROC value decreased slightly in patients with CHB receiving AVT compared to those without not receiving AVT (0.707; p=0.001 vs 0.779; p=0.001).ConclusionsDespite a slight attenuation, the diagnostic accuracy of the HSI in patients with CHB receiving AVT in detecting hepatic steatosis was still acceptable. Further large-scale studies are required for validation.     

Thyroid Function and Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Euthyroid Subjects

Introduction and aims. The association between thyroid function and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remained controversial. A large cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship in euthyroid population.Material and methods. A total of 1773 euthyroid subjects who underwent health check-up during one-year period were enrolled. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound and fatty liver index (FLI). Fibrosis was estimated by BARD score. Thyroid function parameters, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4), were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Results. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound in 638 (35.98%) subjects and by FLI ≥ 60 in 694 (39.14%) subjects. Regardless of ultrasound or FLI, the overall analysis demonstrated that TSH and FT3 levels were significantly higher in subjects with NAFLD than subjects without NAFLD, but FT4 level was not significantly different between them. This association remained in middle-age subjects, but not elderly subjects. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, TSH (OR = 1.108, 95%CI = 1.056-1.398, P = 0.024) and FT3 (OR = 1.258, 95%CI = 1.123-1.409, P = 0.000) levels were independently associated with the risk of NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasound; and only FT3 level (OR = 1.252, 95%CI = 1.074 - 1.460, P = 0.004) was independently associated with the risk of NAFLD estimated by FLI ≥ 60. Additionally, FT3 level (OR = 1.178, 95%CI = 1.025 − 1.354, P = 0.021) was independently associated with the risk of fibrosis estimated by BARD score ≥ 2 in NAFLD subjects.Conclusion. Among the euthyroid population, FT3 and TSH levels were positively associated with the risk of NAFLD.     

FibroTouch检测肝脏受控衰减参数对肝脂肪变的诊断价值分析*

目的 探讨FibroTouch定量检测肝脂肪变受控衰减参数（CAP）诊断肝脏脂肪变程度的价值。方法 2016年8月~2017年10月纳入脂肪肝可疑人群63例,行FibroTouch检测和肝活检检查。采用多元线性回归分析,建立回归方程,构建受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,计算曲线下面积（AUC）,确定CAP值的诊断效能和影响因素。结果 经肝组织学检查,诊断为S0者36例（57.1%）,NAFLD人群27例,其中S1者12例（19.1%）,S2者9例（14.3%）,S3者6例（9.5%）;其CAP值分别为（200.2±21.2） dB/m、（228.7±51.7） dB/m、（259.4±29.1） dB/m和（320.5±22.4） dB/m;CAP与BMI（r=0.503,P=0.000）、肝细胞脂肪变性程度（r=0.761,P=0.000）呈显著正相关;BMI和肝脂肪变程度为CAP值的独立预测因素;CAP值诊断肝脏脂肪变S1、S2和S3的截断点分别为212 dB/m、246 dB/m和287 dB/m,其敏感度分别为81.5%、86.7%和100.0%,特异度分别为80.6%、91.7%和96.5%。结论 FibroTouch可以有效而准确地诊断和评估肝脏脂肪变性程度,值得进一步研究。     

Validation study of systems for noninvasive diagnosis of fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Latin population

Background. The incidence of liver cirrhosis is significantly high in Latin population. The high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD is likely partially responsible for these figures. Liver biopsy is not a practical diagnostic option in this scenario. The validation of noninvasive markers of fibrosis is important in populations with a high prevalence of NAFLD.Aim. To compare the diagnostic value of noninvasive assessment systems to detect fibrosis in a cohort of Latin patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD.Material and methods. Patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were included. Noninvasive evaluations included calculations of NAFLD fibrosis, FIB–4, BARD scores, APRI, and AST/ALT ratio. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were calculated.Results. A total of 228 patients (mean age, 48.6 ± 12.7 years) were included. Fifty-one percent were women; 48% were overweight and 23% were obese. The severity of fibrosis was classified as G0, 56.6%; G1, 25%; G2, 6.6%; G3, 7%; and G4, 4.8%. The AUROC values for advanced fibrosis were 0.72 for the NAFLD fibrosis score, 0.74 for FIB–4 score, 0.67 for AST/ALT ratio, 0.66 for APRI score, and 0.65 for BARD score. In 54% of patients with undetermined FIB–4 score and in 60% of patients with undetermined NAFLD fibrosis score, fibrosis was observed in the liver biopsy.Conclusions. The NAFLD fibrosis, FIB–4, and APRI scores can be used for the noninvasive diagnosis of fibrosis. However, 25% of patients evaluated by these methods have an indeterminate degree of fibrosis.     

多层螺旋CT支气管图像后处理技术在诊断气管支气管结核中的价值

目的 通过多层螺旋CT(MSCT)扫描,探讨MSCT支气管图像后处理技术在气管支气管结核(TBTB)诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性收集2018年6—12月期间在陕西省结核病防治院因临床症状或MSCT轴面图像高度怀疑TBTB并行MSCT扫描和支气管镜检查的患者117例,所有患者轴面图像均行MSCT支气管图像后处理,并经支气管镜检查,在镜下获取组织标本送病理科进行病理检查,最终确诊TBTB患者69例,非TBTB患者48例。以支气管镜及活检病理检查的诊断结果作为参考标准,评价MSCT支气管图像后处理技术对TBTB诊断的敏感度、特异度和符合率,并采用一致性检验来评价2名影像科医师对该疾病诊断的一致性。结果 以支气管镜病理活检结果为参考标准,MSCT支气管图像后处理技术诊断TBTB的敏感度、特异度、符合率分别为97.10%(67/69)、43.75%(21/48)、75.21%(88/117),一致性分析结果显示,Kappa值为0.44,95%CI:0.29~0.60;2名影像科医师通过该技术处理后的图像对TBTB诊断的一致性较好(Kappa值为0.81,95%CI:0.68~0.93)。结论 MSCT支气管图像后处理技术对TBTB有较好的诊断价值。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病合并2型糖尿病患者血浆促甲状腺激素水平变化及其临床意义*

目的 研究非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平的变化及其临床意义。方法 纳入NAFLD合并T2DM患者43例和T2DM患者40例,比较两组年龄、性别、身高、体质指数（BMI）、血压和血生化指标及血清糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）等指标的差异,采用Logistic回归分析影响NAFLD患者发生T2DM的独立危险因素。结果 NAFLD合并T2DM患者体质指数（BMI）为（28.4±3.8） kg/m²,显著大于T2DM患者的（23.8±3.1） kg/m²,P<0.05）; NAFLD合并T2DM患者血清ALT、AST、GGT、TG、HOMA-IR和TSH水平显著高于T2DM患者（P<0.05）;不同血清TSH的NAFLD患者血清TC、TG、LDL-C和FT3水平存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;经Logistic回归分析显示,BMI（RR=1.720,95%CI为1.154~3.015）、HOMA-IR（RR=2.632,95%CI为1.010~3.654）、血清TSH（RR=2.577,95%CI为1.214~3.689）和TG水平（RR=1.538,95%CI为1.240~2.658）是影响NAFLD患者发生T2DM的独立危险因素。结论 了解NAFLD患者发生T2DM的危险因素有助于早期预防和干预,检测血清TSH水平可能对筛查合并T2DM的NAFLD患者有一定的临床意义。