保留括约肌挂线引流术联合英夫利昔单抗治疗肛周瘘管型克罗恩病的短期临床疗效

目的总结保留括约肌挂线引流术联合英夫利昔单抗(infliximab,IFX)治疗肛周瘘管型克罗恩病(Crohn disease,CD)的短期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析江苏省中医院肛肠科于2010年3月至2011年6月期间收治的接受保留括约肌挂线引流术联合IFX治疗的20例肛周瘘书管型CD患者的临床资料,治疗方案为降阶梯治疗,在第0、2及6周分別给予5 mg/kg IFX静脉注射诱导治疗,随后给予每8周1次、共3次的IFX维持治疗(5 mg/kg),共计6次。于治疗前和第0、6及30周治疗后评估克罗恩病活动指数(CDAI).肛周克罗恩病活动指数(PCDAI)、治疗效果及瘘管闭合情况,并开展实验室检测。结果①CDA1 fll PCDAI:与治疗前比较,第0、6及30周的CDAI和PCDAI均较低(P0.05)。②瘘管闭合:第0周时,18例瘘管部分闭合,2例无效;第6周时,16例瘘管完全闭合,4例部分闭合;第30周时,16例瘘管完全闭合,1例部分闭合,3例复发。③实验室检査:与治疗前比较,第0、6及30周的C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、血小板计数、中性粒细胞百分比及白细胞数均较低(P0.05),第6周和第30周的血红蛋水平较高(P0.05)。④不良反应:治疗过程中3例次发生不良反应。结论保留括约肌挂线引流术联合IFX降阶梯治疗对肛周瘘管型CD有效     

肛周瘘管型克罗恩病处理原则北大核心CSCD

在克罗恩病病人中肛周瘘管型疾病十分常见,其中23%为复杂性肛瘘或多发性瘘管。肛周瘘管型克罗恩病在肛周克罗恩病的治疗中最为棘手,对肛周瘘管型克罗恩病的处理原则是依据局部病变特征,及时诊断,避免误诊误治。多学科协作、全面细致地评估后,通常先行手术引流感染灶治疗,随后应用药物治疗控制炎症,最后实施确定性手术闭合瘘管。     

肛周瘘管型克罗恩病处理原则

在克罗恩病病人中肛周瘘管型疾病十分常见,其中23%为复杂性肛瘘或多发性瘘管。肛周瘘管型克罗恩病在肛周克罗恩病的治疗中最为棘手,对肛周瘘管型克罗恩病的处理原则是依据局部病变特征,及时诊断,避免误诊误治。多学科协作、全面细致地评估后,通常先行手术引流感染灶治疗,随后应用药物治疗控制炎症,最后实施确定性手术闭合瘘管。     

手术联合药物治疗肛瘘型克罗恩病25例临床分析

目的回顾性分析手术联合药物治疗肛瘘型克罗恩病的临床效果。方法选取符合诊断标准的25例肛瘘型克罗恩病患者,均给予手术联合美沙拉嗪等药物治疗。观察治疗前后的克罗恩病简化活动指数(CDAI)及生物学相关指标。出院后随访6个月,观察瘘管愈合时间和肛周脓肿发生率。结果治疗后克罗恩活动指数(CDAI)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前后患者的白细胞(WBC)计数、中性粒细胞百分比(NEU)、白蛋白(ALB)等差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。出院后随访6个月,瘘管愈合时间为(35±14.52) d,发生肛周脓肿3例(12%)。结论手术联合美沙拉嗪等药物是治疗肛瘘型克罗恩病的有效方法。     

中西医结合治疗肛周克罗恩病17例

目的:探讨中西医结合治疗肛周克罗恩病的疗效。方法:回顾性分析17例肛周克罗恩病患者的临床资料,观察手术、挂线结合中药坐浴或口服治疗效果,采用肛周克罗恩病活动指数评价疗效,Wexner肛门失禁评分评价肛门功能,治疗前评分(9.59±0.45),治疗后评分(2.88±0.61)。结果:本组17例中临床缓解11例,有效6例;治疗后肛周克罗恩病活动指数中肛周分泌物、疼痛和活动受限情况、肛周病变、硬结情况均明显改善。结论:肛周克罗恩病治疗目的是缓解症状,保护肛门功能,中西医结合治疗疗效较好。     

一次性根治克罗恩病致肛周脓肿1例报告

克罗恩病并发肛周病变者甚少,特别当肛周病变作为克罗恩病最初临床表现,而肠道症状缺乏或不典型,常被误诊为一般的肛瘘、肛裂、肛旁脓肿等.肠道克罗恩病的发病部位明显影响肛周病变的发生,回肠克罗恩病伴有肛周病变的发生率为 6%～27%,回结肠为8%～53%,结肠为46%～68%,当直肠被侵犯时,发生率是62.5%～100% [1].我科2007年收治1例肛周克罗恩病患者,现对其临床表现、诊断和治疗进行分析,以提高对本病的诊治水平.     

保留括约肌挂线法治疗克罗恩病肛瘘的临床疗效评价（附22例报道）

克罗恩病（Crohn disease）是以慢性肠道炎性病变为主要表现的全身性疾病,其肛周的局部病变越来越引起外科医师的关注,其中肛瘘的发生率可高达40％。笔者所在医院肛肠科白2009年7月至2012年11月期间应用保留括约肌挂线方法治疗22例克罗恩病并肛瘘患者,疗效较满意,报道如下。     

英夫利昔单抗联合直肠推移黏膜瓣治疗克罗恩病肛瘘的疗效初探

目的对英夫利昔单抗联合直肠推移黏膜瓣治疗克罗恩病肛瘘的临床疗效和安全性进行初步探讨。方法回顾性分析江苏省中医院2011年6月至2014年5月期间收治的行英夫利昔单抗联合直肠推移黏膜瓣治疗的10例克罗恩病肛瘘患者的临床资料,总结患者的肛瘘愈合情况、肛门功能以及治疗过程中的不良反应。结果10例患者中有9例患者的瘘管近期闭合,1例患者术后发生黏膜瓣感染。10例患者的瘘管闭合时间为术后1~4周(平均2周)。术后所有患者的肛门自制功能较术前均无明显改变,且所有患者在治疗过程中均未发生不良事件。术后10例患者获访,随访时间6个月~3年,中位数为12个月。随访期间,有1例患者于术后10个月发生肛瘘复发。结论英夫利昔单抗联合直肠推移黏膜瓣治疗克罗恩病肛瘘较为安全,且有一定疗效。     

肛周瘘管性克罗恩病应用手术联合英夫利昔单抗治疗后再次手术的风险因素研究

目的本研究旨在评估手术联合英夫利昔单抗(IFX)治疗肛周瘘管性克罗恩病(PFCD)后的再次手术情况及分析相关风险因素。方法纳入2010年7月至2017年1月于南京中医药大学附属医院肛肠科接受手术联合IFX治疗的117例PFCD患者作为研究对象,分析患者治疗后到随访终点接受再次手术的影响因素。结果 117例患者中男性84例、女性33例,中位年龄24.0(20.0～29.0)岁,91%(106/117)的患者为复杂性肛瘘。88%(103/117)的患者接受挂线引流手术,56%(65/117)的患者接受了3次以上的IFX维持治疗。中位随访时间36.0(23.5～58.5)个月,随访终点共有57例(49%)患者达到临床缓解,36例(30.8%)患者需要再次手术。多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示伴有初始脓肿、IFX维持治疗3次以上是肛周瘘管性克罗恩病患者联合IFX治疗后需要再次手术的独立风险因素。结论手术联合IFX是一种治疗复杂性PFCD的合理有效的方案,临床治疗应注重对伴有初始脓肿以及IFX维持治疗超过3次等风险因素的防控和管理。     

克罗恩病合并肛瘘的综合治疗

目的 探讨克罗恩病合并肛瘘的合理治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2011年4月中山大学附属第六医院收治的33例克罗恩病合并肛瘘或肛周脓肿患者的临床资料.根据克罗恩病合并肛瘘的活动程度及病变范围,本研究采用外科治疗、内科治疗以及外科联合内科治疗.外科治疗方式包括肛瘘挂线术、肛瘘切除术、肛周脓肿切开引流术以及肠造口术.针对克罗恩病患者肠道病变选用5-氨基水杨酸类药物、免疫抑制剂、糖皮质激素治疗、TNF单克隆抗体等药物进行内科治疗.治疗后采用门诊治疗和电话方式随访至2012年8月.术前及术后克罗恩病活动指数(CDAI)、肛周克罗恩病活动指数(PDAI)采用独立样本t检验比较.结果 33例患者中,22例行外科联合内科治疗,7例行单纯外科治疗,4例行单纯内科治疗.首次治疗后18例患者肛瘘瘘口愈合(其中3例行单纯内科治疗),愈合时间为(3.2±2.6)个月(1 ～12个月),其中8例瘘管减少、症状改善;4例瘘口持续未闭;6例出现肛瘘复发或再发,复发或再发时间为首次治疗后(35±56)个月(5～ 148个月).33例患者术前CDAI和PDAI评分分别为(166±100)分(7～ 361分)和(9.2±2.6)分(5～16)分,经治疗后(包括手术及药物治疗)CDAI和PDAI评分分别为(83±53)分(0 ～212分)和(2.7±3.1)分(0～11分),患者治疗前后CDAI和PDAI评分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=4.20,8.92,P＜0.05).12例首次治疗肛瘘未愈合患者再次治疗后,3例愈合,9例未愈合.6例患者出现复发或再发,其中5例接受再次手术治疗(4例愈合、1例症状改善),1例仅接受内科治疗瘘口未愈合.直至随访结束,30例患者中20例肛瘘愈合,10例肛瘘未愈合.结论 目前尚无统一的克罗恩病合并肛瘘治疗标准,外科联合内科治疗克罗恩病合并肛瘘疗效较好,手术方式需根据患者具体情况慎重选择.     

Treatment of complex perianal fistulas in Crohn disease: infliximab,surgery or combined approach

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of the management of perianal fistulas in Crohn disease between infliximab, surgery or a combination of surgery and infliximab.

Methods

We prospectively subdivided 35 consecutive patients with Crohn disease with complex perianal fistulas into 3 groups: 11 patients received infliximab (5 mg/kg intravenously at 0, 2 and 6 wk; group A), 10 underwent surgery (group B) and 14 received a combination of surgery and postoperative infliximab (group C). We evaluated the rate and time of healing of perianal fistulas, the rate of recurrences and time to relapse at a median follow-up of 18.8 (standard deviation [SD] 10.8, range 8–38) months.

Results

The time to healing of fistulas was significantly shorter among patients who received surgery and infliximab than among those who received surgery alone (p < 0.05) and was close to statistically shorter among those who received both treatments than among those who received infliximab alone (p = 0.06). Patients who received surgery and infliximab had a significantly longer mean time to relapse (p < 0.05) than those who received infliximab (mean 2.6 [SD 0.7] mo) or surgery alone (mean 3.6 [SD 0.5] mo).

Conclusion

We found better outcomes among patients who received a combination of surgery and infliximab therapy. These patients experienced a short time to healing of fistulas and significantly longer mean time to relapse of complex fistulas.     

Incidence of pathogenic bacteria from mesenteric lymph nodes and ileal serosa during Crohn's disease surgery

Samples of ileal serosa and mesenteric lymph nodes have been harvested before antibiotic administration during 46 non-contaminated operations for Crohn's disease and compared with 43 operations for conditions other than Crohn's. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the serosa in 12 (27 per cent) Crohn's patients, compared with 6 (15 per cent) controls (P = 0.04). Intestinal bacteria were recovered from mesenteric nodes in 15 (33 per cent) Crohn's patients compared with 2 (5 per cent) controls (P = 0.006). These findings suggest that bacteria leak from the small bowel lumen in a high proportion of Crohn's disease patients. This may explain the pathogenesis of abscess and fistula in this disorder as well as the high rate of sepsis following elective surgery even in the absence of macroscopic contamination.     

Infliximab and surgical treatment of complex anal Crohn's disease

Aim Perianal fistulae in Crohn’s disease are frequently complex, involve the anal sphincter complex and surgical treatment can be associated with poor healing of wounds and damage to the mechanism of continence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and duration of response to infliximab in the long‐term management of perianal fistulae in Crohn’s disease in routine clinical practice. Method A prospectively maintained database was used to identify patients with Crohn’s disease and complex anal fistulae who were treated with infliximab (primary treatment, three initial infusions followed by maintenance therapy). Patients who received infliximab for luminal disease or for enterocutaneous, peristomal or rectovaginal fistulae were excluded from this study. Results Fifty‐two patients [25 male, median age 24 (range 15–72) years] were treated with infliximab for perianal Crohn’s fistulae for a median of 66 (7–124) months. Twenty‐six of the patients underwent pre‐infliximab MRI scans and 38 had an examination under anaesthetic (EUA) prior to commencement of treatment, 22 of whom had seton(s) inserted into their fistulae. Maintenance therapy was possible in 42 (81%) of 52 patients. Twenty‐two (42.3%) patients had a complete response to treatment, 23 (44.2%) had a partial response and 7 (13.5%) had no response. Less than complete response to infliximab was associated with a greater risk of requiring surgical intervention (Fisher’s exact test, d.f. 1, P = 0.005). Conclusion The response rates of Crohn’s related complex perianal fistulae to infliximab are good. Complete response is associated with a reduced need for surgical intervention.     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FACILITATES ASSESSMENT OF PERIANAL CROHN'S DISEASE

Three illustrative cases of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with perianal Crohn's disease are presented. Modern MRI techniques provided excellent visualization of perineal anatomy, inflammatory tissues and an anorectal stricture. It also allowed detailed delineation of the patho-anatomy of fistulous abscess and any communication to more proximal bowel. This report illustrates the potential of modern MRI as an important investigative adjunct in evaluating the anorectal manifestations of Crohn's disease.     

ANAL PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE

Background: A distinctive feature of patients suffering from Crohn's disease is a predisposition to develop a variety of anal complications. The aetiology of such conditions is unclear, and the reported incidence of anal involvement in Crohn's disease varies party due to the various criteria used for classification. This study aims to review the management of patients with symptomatic anal pathology associated with Crohn's disease at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne. Methods : A database of 306 patients with Crohn's disease referred to the department between January 1978 and October 1994 was reviewed to identify those patients with symptomatic anal disease. The anal pathology was recorded and classified. Demographic data and the clinical and surgical history of the patient were recorded. Results : Of the 306 patients with Crohn's disease, 129 (42.4%) were identified as having symptomatic anal pathology. Patients were likely to present with anal symptoms after they had been diagnosed as having intestinal Crohn's disease (46.1%). The commonest presentations were perianal abscess (29.5%), anal fissure (27.6%), and low anal fistula (26.7%). A minority of patients presented with highkomplex anal fistulae (3.8%), or recto-vaginal fistulae (5.2%). Five per cent of patients had Crohn's disease localized to the anal area. The pattern of intestinal disease in the remaining patients was small bowel 21.1%. small bowel and colon 31.9%, and colon 43.0%. A total of 244 local anal surgical procedures were performed on these patients; the commonest of these were drainage of an abscess (38.5%), examination under anaesthetic (29.1%). and laying open of a low anal fistula (22.5%). Following surgical treatment, the recurrence rate for perianal abscesses was 13%, and for low anal fistulae 6%. Conclusions : The majority of patients with Crohn's disease who develop anal pathology have an excellent prognosis. A minority of patients develop complex anal fistulae and these remain a therapeutic challenge.     

Faecal diversion in the management of perianal Crohn’s disease

Aim Severe perianal Crohn’s disease remains an uncommon but important indication for faecal diversion (FD). The advent of biological therapy such as infliximab for Crohn’s disease is considered to have improved the outcome for these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of patients undergoing FD for perianal Crohn’s disease and the impact of biological therapy (infliximab). Method Retrospective chart review was undertaken of patients who underwent FD for management of perianal Crohn’s disease at two tertiary centres between 1990 and 2007. Patient demographics, disease extent and use of biological therapy were recorded. Subsequent surgery was assessed. The impact of infliximab on rates of proctocolectomy and restoration of intestinal continuity was assessed. Results Twenty‐one patients (one male, 20 female), median age 34 years (range 21–67 years), underwent FD for perianal Crohn’s disease. At a median follow‐up time of 22 months (range 4–121 months), four patients had undergone stoma closure, 11 had had proctocolectomy and six had a stoma in situ. The effects of the procedure on severity of perianal disease were no effect in four (19%), temporary improvement in six (29%), initial improvement with later plateau in seven (33%) and healing in four patients (19%). Eleven patients (52%) received infliximab. In this group, four underwent proctocolectomy and two had intestinal continuity restored. This was not significantly different from the noninfliximab group. Conclusion Patients undergoing FD for perianal Crohn’s disease have <20% likelihood of restoration of intestinal continuity. This is not improved with biological therapy.     

Three-dimensional modelling as a novel interactive tool for preoperative planning for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease

Aim

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the added value of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction models and artificial intelligence for preoperative planning in complex perianal Crohn's disease. MRI is the gold standard for diagnosis of complex perianal fistulas and abscess due to its high sensitivity, but it lacks high specificity values. This creates the need for better diagnostic models such as 3D image processing and reconstruction (3D-IPR) with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms.

Method

This is a prospective study evaluating the utility of 3D reconstruction models from MRI in four patients with perineal Crohn's disease (pCD).

Results

Four pCD patients had 3D reconstruction models made from pelvic MRI. This provided a more visual representation of perianal disease and made possible location of the internal fistula orifice, seton placement in fistula tracts and abscess drainage.

Conclusion

Three-dimensional reconstruction in CD-associated complex perianal fistulas can facilitate disease interpretation, anatomy and surgical strategy, potentially improving preoperative planning as well as intraoperative assistance. This could probably result in better surgical outcomes to control perianal sepsis and reduce the number of surgical procedures required in these patients.     

Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Enterography in Predicting Findings and Optimizing Surgical Approach in Crohn's Disease

Background

Many Crohn's disease patients require surgery. Intraoperative detection of new lesions may lead to change in planned surgery. This study aimed to determine whether magnetic resonance enterography can optimize surgical planning and guide decision making in Crohn's disease.

Methods

Seventy-five patients with complicated Crohn's disease were enrolled and underwent preoperative magnetic resonance enterography. Analysis included imaging accuracy and change in surgical strategy due to discordance with imaging findings.

Results

Surgery was performed laparoscopically in 39/75 patients (52 %), with conversion to open surgery required in six (15 %). Concordance between observers was excellent (kappa value >0.8). Magnetic resonance enterography accuracy for stenosis, abscess, and fistula were all above 85 % in per-patient analysis. In 68/75 cases (90.7 %) surgery was correctly predicted. Conversely, in 7/75 cases (three false-positives and four false-negatives) surgical strategy (type of resection or strictureplasty, n?=?5) and/or surgical approach (conversion from laparoscopy to open surgery, n?=?2) changed due to discordance with magnetic resonance enterography findings.

Conclusion

Surgical strategy and approach are correctly predicted by magnetic resonance enterography in the majority of patients with complicated Crohn's disease.     

英夫利昔单抗联合手术治疗克罗恩病肛瘘的临床疗效

目的探讨静脉输注英夫利昔单抗（IFX）联合手术治疗克罗恩病肛瘘的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2011年6月间在南京中医药大学附属医院接受IFX联合手术治疗的15例克罗恩病肛瘘患者的临床资料。均在手术后第1周开始接受静脉输注IFX诱导治疗（5mg／kg,0、2和6周）。监测IFX治疗前后克罗恩病活动指数（CDAI）、肛周克罗恩病指数（PCDAI）、体质量指数（BMI）、相关血液学指标及内镜检查结果,并记录肛瘘愈合情况及IFX输注过程中的不良反应。结果IFX治疗后14周,13例（86．7％）肛瘘完全愈合,1例局部症状改善,1例再次形成皮下瘘;肛瘘瘘管愈合时间20～45（平均32．5）d。4例伴肛管直肠狭窄明显改善。1例患者内镜下可见肠道黏膜完全愈合,其余14例肠道炎性反应显著改善。CDAI由治疗前的230．5±97．5降至114．O±90．3,PCDAI由治疗前的9．9±3．4降至2．8±3．2,BMI由治疗前的（19．1±3．1）kg／m。上升至（21．5±3．0）kg／m3,差异有统计学意义（均P〈O．01）。C反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率、血小板及中性粒细胞百分比等血液学指标均较治疗前显著降低（均P〈0．01）。IFX治疗期间,1例患者发生低钾血症;1例患者发生严重输液反应：其余13例患者未出现明显不良反应。结论静脉输注IFX联合手术治疗克罗恩病肛瘘安全、有效。     

Anti TNF treatment of complex perianal fistulas in children without luminal Crohn's disease: Is it an option?

ObjectivesComplex perianal fistulas (CPFs) in children even in the absence of luminal symptoms prompt evaluation for Crohn's disease (CD). Reports of isolated CPF in children, however, are sparse. In perianal CD, antitumor necrosis factor α (anti TNF) therapy is recommended. We aimed to describe our experience with anti TNF therapy in children with isolated CPF without evidence of luminal CD.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed charts of patients with isolated CPF who were treated with anti TNF agents between 2011 and 2019 in a tertiary center. MRI pelvis findings at baseline versus end of follow up were scored using MAGNIFI-CD. Outcomes included clinical remission, radiological response and radiological remission based on MAGNIFI-CD score at end of follow up.ResultsOverall, 17 patients were identified, [10 males (59%), mean age at anti TNF initiation 13.4 ± 2.9 years]. Median time from perianal disease onset to anti TNF was 16.5 months (IQR 9.4–36.4). None of the patients had luminal inflammation. Prior to anti TNF, all patients had been treated with antibiotics without sufficient improvement, and 9/17 with abscess drainage and or Seton insertion. Nine patients (53%) were treated with infliximab while 8 (47%) received adalimumab. Median duration of follow up was 30.7 months (IQR = 12.7–44.8). At the end of follow up 9 patients (53%) achieved clinical remission. When comparing MRI prior to and after anti TNF, 36% (5/14) had radiologic response, of whom 2 (14%) achieved radiologic resolution.ConclusionAnti TNF agents may be an effective treatment option for children with isolated CPF. Whether these patients should be considered part of the CD phenotypic spectrum or a distinct entity is unclear.Levels of EvidenceTherapeutic.