201铊断层显像对糖尿病患者并发冠心病诊断敏感性和特异性研究

目的 探讨放射性核素（201铊）心肌显像对糖尿病（DM）并发冠心病（CHD）患者的临床诊断价值。方法 将152例疑为CHD的患者分为DM组和非糖尿病（NDM）组，分别实施放射性核素（201铊）心肌显像和冠状动脉造影检查，计算两组患者放射性核素（201铊）心肌显像诊断的敏感性和特异性。结果 DM组放射性核素。“铊心肌显像诊断结果敏感性90％、特异性43％；NDM组敏感性83％、特异性67％。DM组与NDM组结果比较：敏感性差异无统计学意义，特异性差异存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 DM并发CHD患者的放射性核素（201铊）存在统计学心肌显像特异性低。     

双嘧达莫负荷心肌201Tl和运动负荷心肌99Tcm-MIBI单光子发射计算机断层摄影在诊断心脏X综合征中的价值

目的 探讨双嘧达莫负荷心肌201T1单光子发射计算机断层摄影(SPECT)与运动负荷心肌99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)SPECT显像在辅助诊断心脏x综合征中的价值.方法 选取临床符合心脏X综合征诊断标准患者共63例,将患者分为2组,一组行双嘧达莫负荷心肌201T1 SPECT显像,另一组行运动负荷心肌99Tcm-MIBI SPECT显像,评价两种核素心肌显像在诊断心脏X综合征中的符合率.结果 行双嘧达莫负荷心肌201T1 SPECT显像者35例,有31例出现病变部位的反向再分布,符合率为89%;行运动负荷心肌99Tcm-MIBI SPECT显像者28例,其中有24例出现负荷病变部位放射性稀疏或缺损,静息显像正常,符合率为87%.两种核素心肌灌注显像的符合率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 双嘧达莫负荷心肌201T1 SPECT显像能较直接反映心脏x综合征冠状动脉微循环病变.     

冠脉64排螺旋CT与腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像对冠心病的诊断价值

目的：探讨冠脉64排螺旋CT（CTA）与腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像对冠心病的诊断价值。方法：入选临床诊断或疑诊为冠心病的患者66例,以冠状动脉造影作为冠心病诊断的金标准,所有患者均进行冠脉64排螺旋CT,腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像与冠状动脉造影检查。结果：与冠状动脉造影比较,64排螺旋CT对冠心病诊断的敏感性为87.10%（27/31）,特异性为97.14%（34/35）,准确性为92.42%（61/66）,腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像敏感性为93.55%（29/31）,特异性为85.71%（30/35）,准确性为89.39%（59/66）。冠脉64排螺旋CT与腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像在诊断冠心病的准确性上无显著差别（P〉0.05）。结论：冠脉64排螺旋CT与腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病的准确性无显著差别,结果可靠,应予推广。     

腺苷负荷试验心肌灌注显像对冠心病的诊断价值

目的:分析腺苷负荷试验心肌核素显像对于冠心病诊断的敏感性、特异性及其特点,评价其诊断冠心病的临床价值.方法:对68例临床疑诊冠心病患者,将其腺苷负荷试验心肌灌注显像结果与冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果进行对比分析.结果:在68例患者中,36例CAG阳性,其中腺苷心肌灌注显像检出病变33例(91.7%),未检出病变3例(8.3%);32例CAG阴性,其中腺苷心肌灌注显像异常3例(9.4%),正常29例(90.6%);腺苷心肌灌注显像对冠心病诊断的敏感性92.3%,特异性90.6%.结论:腺苷核素心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病敏感性及特异性均较高,是协助诊断冠心病的有效的无创性检查方法.     

34例~(201)铊心肌显象和冠状动脉造影的对照研究

将34例临床诊断冠心病患者之~(201)铊心肌显象与冠状动脉造影结果作对比。~(201)铊显象之敏感性为81.8%,特异性58.3%。6例冠状动脉旁路手术前后作~(201)铊显象,5例术后改善,1例造影阴性~(201)铊阳性者在心肌活检后诊断为心肌炎。~(201)铊显象敏感性与冠状动脉病变之部位、程度、支数有关。左回旋支病变阳性率低,狭窄严重者阳性率高,受累支数多者阳性率反低,4例造影异常而~(201)铊正常者均系3支病变。1例3支病变者旁路术前~(201)铊阴性,术后反呈阳性,提示缺损还为局部心肌供血比例不平衡之结果。     

药物负荷心肌灌注显像评价心脏X综合征的应用研究

目的:对比双嘧达莫负荷心肌铊-201(201Tl)单光子发射计算机断层摄影(SPECT)和多巴酚丁胺负荷心肌99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-MIBI) SPECT显像在辅助诊断心脏X综合征中的应用. 方法:将74例心脏X综合征患者按不同的负荷药物分成A、B两组,其中A组行双嘧达莫负荷心肌201Tl SPECT显像,B组行多巴酚丁胺负荷心肌99mTc-MIBI SPECT显像.原始图像经三维重建后由2位以上有经验的核医学科医师进行分析.两组阳性率之间的比较采用卡方检验. 结果:A组53例患者负荷显像均正常,静息显像有45例出现“反向再分布”,其余8例静息显像正常,阳性率为84.91％(45/53).B组21例患者有3例出现可逆性缺损,其余18例负荷和静息显像均正常,阳性率为14.29％ (3/21).两组阳性率比较有统计学差异(x2=29.89,P＜0.001).结论:双嘧达莫负荷心肌201T1 SPECT显像的“反向再分布”现象对心脏X综合征具有一定的诊断价值.     

三种无创检查方法诊断冠心病无症状心肌缺血的价值

本文以冠状动脉造影作为诊断冠心病的标准,对临床确诊为冠心病的患者进行运动心电图、运动~(201)铊心肌显像和动态心电图检查。结果证明:这三种方法诊断冠心病心肌缺血的敏感性在心绞痛组分别为85.9%、88.7%和58.4%,心肌梗塞组分别为77.2%、91.1%和53.4%,特异性分别为77%、90%和73%。检查中无症状心肌缺血发生率在心绞痛组分别为52.9%、56.3%和58.4%,心肌梗塞组分别为58.7%、75.3%和53.4%。表明这三种方法对诊断冠心病无症状心肌缺血有较高价值。     

运动负荷核素心肌灌注显像对冠心病的诊断价值

目的探讨运动负荷核素心肌灌注显像对冠心病的诊断价值。方法对117例疑有冠心病者,以冠状动脉造影（CAG）结果作为诊断标准,进行心电图平板活动试验和运动负荷核素心肌灌注断层显像两种检查,并将结果行对比分析。结果与CAG结果比较,心电图平板活动试验诊断冠心病的敏感性为60%,特异性为73%;运动负荷核素心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病的敏感性为87%,特异性为69%。结论运动负荷核素心肌灌注显像与心电图平板活动试验比较,敏感性高,特异性相近,对冠心病的无创性诊断具有重要价值。     

^99mTC—MIBI心肌灌注显像与心脏螺旋CT诊断冠心病的临床比较

目的 比较^99mTC-MIBI心肌灌注显像与心脏螺旋CT诊断冠心病（CAD）的临床价值。方法 对52例疑有冠心病的病人同时进行选择性冠状动脉造影,^99mTC-MIBI心肌灌注显像（多巴酚丁胺负荷试验）,心脏螺旋CT扫描检测冠状动脉钙化（CAC）定量积分,以冠状动脉造影结果为诊断冠心病的金标准,以决策矩阵法评价^99mTC-MIBI心肌灌注显像与心脏螺旋CT在诊断冠心病的临床意义。结果 在对冠心病诊断方面^99mTC-MIBI心肌灌注显像的敏感性91％,特异性75％,准确性85％;螺旋CT检测冠状动脉钙化积分≥90HU为有意义,其敏感性59％,特异性90％,准确性71％。如将二结合起来诊断冠心病,则敏感性97％,特异性85％,准确性95％。结论 ^99mTC-MIBI心肌灌注显像对冠心病诊断上的敏感性及准确性高于心脏螺旋CT,而心脏螺旋CT的特异性高于^99mTC-MIBI心肌灌注显像。如能二结合运用,则可以进一步提高冠心病诊断的正确性。     

潘生丁-~(201)铊心肌断层显象在冠心病中的诊断意义

本文比较了潘生丁-~(201)铊单光子发射型计算机心肌断层显象(A组,41例)与运动心肌断层显象(B组,162例)对冠心病的诊断价值。结果表明:以冠脉造影结果为标准A组中前降支检出的敏感性、特异性分别为77％和80％;B组分别为79％和96％;右冠脉病变检出的敏感性和特异性,A组为91％和81％,B组为85％和73％;左旋支病变检出的敏感性和特异性,A组为65％和89％,B组为67％和88％,均无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。提示潘生丁-~(201)铊心肌断层显象可与运动心肌断层显象相媲美,对一些不适于运动试验而疑似冠心病患者的诊断有重要意义。     

201Tl运动负荷心肌显像、运动负荷心电图在冠心病诊断中的价值

目的:评价201Tl运动负荷心肌灌注显像(MPI),运动负荷心电图(ES-ECG)诊断冠心病(CAD)的临床价值。方法:首先以冠状动脉造影术(CAG)为标准(将冠脉管腔狭窄≥50%定为病变血管),96例做过CAG的患者被分为CAD组(n=55)和非CAD组(n=41)。所有患者均行运动负荷MPI和ES-ECG检查。对比分析运动负荷MPI和ES-ECG诊断CAD的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值。结果:运动负荷MPI和ES-ECG诊断CAD的敏感性分别为0.98、0.82;特异性分别为0.85、0.39;准确性分别为0.92、0.64;阳性预测值分别为0.90、0.64;阴性预测值分别为0.97、0.62。结论:运动负荷MPI与CAG有较好的一致性,而ES-ECG是一种较好的筛查方法。     

冠状动脉病变与代谢综合征及高敏C反应蛋白关系的探讨

目的 探讨冠状动脉病变与代谢综合征、血清高敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）水平之间的关系。方法 对2003年4月至2004年4月期间北京协和医院就诊的227例临床怀疑冠心病的患者进行冠状动脉造影,将其中冠状动脉狭窄大于50％的170例患者按照中国代谢综合征诊断标准分为代谢综合征组和非代谢综合征组。对两组同时进行hs—CRP水平的测定。两组的冠状动脉造影和hs—CRP结果进行组内及组间统计学分析。结果 不同hs—CRP水平下冠状动脉病变类型的比较表明,随着hs—CRP水平的升高,代谢综合征组的冠状动脉病变严重程度加重,差异有统计学意义,特别是在hs-CRP〉3．5μg／ml时,这种差异尤其明显。结论 hs—CRP可以作为预测代谢综合征合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的预测指标。     

老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点及其危险因素的多元回归分析

目的 用冠状动脉造影技术研究老年冠心病（CHD）患者冠状动脉病变特点和危险因素对其的影响。方法 将128例CHD患者根据其年龄分2组，老年组67例，非老年组61例。均详细询问有无CHD的危险因素并做左右冠状动脉造影。对危险因素做Logistic多元回归分析。结果 老年组冠状动脉病变大部分为多支病变，2支和3支病变占76．1％，狭窄程度99％以上者占59．7％；非老年组以单支病变为主，占54．1％，狭窄程度轻重均匀分布。Logistic多元回归分析显示危险因素在老年组与非老年组有不同影响的是性别、高胆固醇血症、家族史和年龄（均为P＜0．01）。结论 老年CHD患者冠状动脉以多支病变为主，狭窄程度大多较重；性别、高胆固醇血症、年龄、CHD家族史和高血压是影响老年人CHD发病的相关危险因素。     

Reduced value of thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography in the management of HIV-related focal brain lesions in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

To evaluate the diagnostic value of thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (201Tl SPECT) in the management of focal brain disorders in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), a validation study of diagnostic procedure was performed in a tertiary clinical care center in Italy. Thirty-eight consecutive HIV-infected patients with neurological impairment and focal brain lesions (FBL) were enrolled in a prospective evaluation and underwent diagnostic procedures according to a standardized protocol based on modified previously released guidelines. Six out of seven PCNSL presented high uptake at 201Tl SPECT [sensitivity 86% (95% CI 42-99); specificity 77% (95% CI 58-90); positive predictive value (PPV) 46% (95% CI 20-74); negative predictive value (NPV) 96% (95% CI 78-100)]. Among toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) cases 14 showed no uptake and 5 showed an increased uptake [sensitivity 74% (95% CI 49-90); specificity 42% (95% CI 21-66); PPV 56% (95% CI 35-75); NPV 61% (95% CI 32-85)]. Patients taking HAART were more likely to display an increased uptake of 201Tl in the cerebral lesions than patients without HAART (OR 5.07; 95% CI 1.19-21.5). Considering only the patients with diagnosis of TE, 60% of patients who showed high radionuclide uptake were taking HAART, while 79% of patients without relevant uptake were not taking HAART. As a result of the impact of HAART, the diagnostic value of 201Tl SPECT in the management of HIV-associated FBL could be substantially reduced. This observation suggests that in HAART-treated patients, this diagnostic tool be used only when combined with other more specific diagnostic markers.     

活动平板试验联合动态心电图对老年女性冠心病的诊断价值

目的探讨活动平板试验（TET）联合24h动态心电图（Hoher）检查对老年女性冠心病的诊断价值。方法纳入年龄在60岁以上拟诊冠心病的老年女性患者232例,入选病例全部行冠状动脉造影（CAG）、TE’I吸Holter检查,以CAG结果作为金标准,对单独及联合TET、Hoher法诊断冠心病及不同冠脉病变支数冠心病的敏感度、特异性等指标进行比较。结果TET诊断老年女性冠心病的敏感度74．2％、特异性73．9％;Holter诊断老年女性冠心病的敏感度66．9％、特异性79．7％;两者联合时敏感度84．7％、特异性为82．6％。单项检查与联合法对诊断冠心病的敏感度间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。联合法对冠状动脉单支、双支、三支血管病变冠心病诊断的敏感度均高于各单项检查诊断冠心病的敏感度,但只有对单支冠脉病变冠心病诊断的敏感度与各单项检查问有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论TET联合Hoher检查可提高对老年女性冠心病的诊断敏感度。     

Use of dobutamine stress echocardiography in detecting silent myocardial ischaemia in asymptomatic diabetic patients: a comparison with thallium scintigraphy and exercise testing.

AIMS: Silent myocardial ischaemia is frequent in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (201Tl SPECT) coupled with exercise stress testing (EST), and dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in the detection of asymptomatic coronary artery disease. METHODS: Fifty-six asymptomatic diabetic patients, with a known duration of diabetes > 15 years for Type 1 and > 5 years for Type 2, having at least three added risk factors, but without rest ECG abnormalities, were enrolled in this prospective study. All of them were submitted to DSE with a maximum infusion rate of 40 microg/kg per min dobutamine +/- i.v. atropine, and to 201Tl SPECT coupled with EST. Coronary angiography was performed if at least one test was abnormal. RESULTS: Diabetic patients were 37 males and 19 females, aged mean (sd) 60 +/- 10 years, 10 Type 1 and 46 Type 2, with a known duration of disease of mean (sd) 17 +/- 9 years. Feasibility of DSE was 91%. No serious complication occurred during the test. Coronary angiography was performed in 26 patients (47%); 17 were abnormal (30% of the whole group): six patients had a one-vessel, six a two-vessel and five a three-vessel disease. Predictive positive value was 69% for DSE, 75% for 201Tl SPECT and 60% for EST. DSE was falsely negative in four cases vs. eight for 201Tl SPECT and nine for EST. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic coronary disease is common in diabetes associated with other risk factors. DSE appears useful in its detection and a good alternative to 201Tl SPECT.     

老年患者股动脉粥样硬化与冠心病关系的研究

目的　研究老年患者股动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系。方法　对 110例冠状动脉造影的老年患者作双侧股动脉超声检查 ,测量股动脉后壁内中膜厚度 (IMT) ,斑块厚度 ,及粥样斑块发生率 ,并与冠脉造影结果进行对比分析。结果　 (1)冠心病组IMT ,斑块积分及斑块发生率明显高于正常对照组 (P <0. 0 1)。 (2 )随冠脉病变支数增加 ,斑块积分及IMT增加 ,各组比较有显著性差异 (P <0. 0 1)。 (3)以IMT >0 .85mm和 (或 )出现粥样斑预测冠心病 ,特异性 75. 0 % ,敏感性 87 .1% ,阳性预测率 89. 3%。结论　老年患者股动脉粥样硬化严重程度与冠心病发生率成正比 ;通过股动脉超声检查可为冠心病的诊断提供依据。     

Usefulness of lung and right ventricular thallium-201 uptake during single photon emission computed tomography in exercise testing of patients with coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVES: Increased pulmonary or right ventricular 201Tl uptake during the exercise test has been used as a marker of multivessel coronary artery disease. The most useful method for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease was evaluated among conventional evaluation of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), measurement of lung to heart uptake ratio (L/H), and right ventricular to left ventricular uptake ratio (RV/LV) on 201Tl images during exercise testing. METHODS: Regions-of-interest (4 X 4 pixels) were placed at the lung and the heart, and L/H was defined as mean lung uptake/mean heart uptake. Correspondingly, regions-of-interest (4 X 4 pixels) were placed at the RV and the LV, and RV/LV was defined as maximum RV uptake /maximum LV uptake. L/H and RV/LV on the initial image were analyzed in 216 patients(angiographically normal coronary arteries: 89, single-vessel disease: 82, multivessel disease: 45). The diagnostic value was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: All methods showed significantly higher values in patients with multivessel disease than in patients with no coronary artery disease or single-vessel disease. L/H was significantly higher in patients with prior myocardial infarction and RV/LV was significantly higher in patients without infarction. The sensitivity of only conventional SPECT evaluation for multivessel coronary artery disease was low (sensitivity 53%, specificity 94%). However, addition of evaluation of L/H and RV/LV to SPECT improved the sensitivity for multivessel coronary artery disease (sensitivity 93%, specificity 49%). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic sensitivity for multivessel coronary artery disease was improved by adding L/H and RV/LV to conventional evaluation of exercise 201Tl SPECT. L/H and RV/LV during exercise 201Tl imaging may provide additional information regarding the severity of coronary artery disease.     

平板运动试验对冠心病的诊断价值

目的：对照平板运动试验（TET）与冠状动脉造影（CAG）的结果,评价TET对冠心病的辅助诊断价值。方法：随机选取武汉大学人民医院心内科2007年6月至2008年12月收治的临床拟诊为冠心病,行CAG并于CAG前10d内已行TET检查的患者192例,以CAG为诊断冠心病的“金标准”,对比TET与CAG结果,分析TET的敏感性和特异性等指标,并对影响TET结果的各项临床资料进行统计学分析。结果：①CAG检查确诊冠心病107例,测得TET诊断冠心病敏感性为78．5％,特异度为69．4％,符合率为74．5％。假阳性30．6％,假阴性21．5％;②双支、三支冠脉病变的TET敏感性（83％,95．2％）均明显高于单支病变（64．1％,P〈0．05）。结论：TET诊断冠心病的敏感度和特异度较高,尤其对于存在多支血管病变的患者;可作为冠心病临床诊断、评估预后的首选无创检查项目。     

Usefulness of exercise echocardiography in ischemic heart disease: comparison with exercise cardiac scintigraphy

Exercise echocardiography and exercise thallium-201 (201Tl) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed in 152 patients with suspected coronary artery disease, including 61 patients with old myocardial infarction. All patients underwent coronary arteriography, and coronary artery disease was defined as > or = 75% diameter stenosis. Digital two-dimensional echocardiography was performed before and after the treadmill exercise test, and wall motion abnormality was evaluated using quad-screen. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease were similar for the 2 exercise tests (77% and 80% for echocardiography and 75%, and 83% for SPECT, respectively). Diagnoses for one-vessel disease, 2-vessel disease and 3-vessel disease were similar for echocardiography (79%, 72% and 77%, respectively) and SPECT (74%, 75% and 77%, respectively). Sensitivity for the diagnosis of ischemia at the area remote from infarct area was low for both exercise echocardiography and exercise SPECT (45% and 48%, respectively). Exercise echocardiography has comparable diagnostic value to SPECT for the detection of coronary artery disease. However, both exercise tests have limitations for the diagnosis of ischemia at the area remote from infarct area.