GDM患者血清脂联素、FFA水平及其与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

选取妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇40例为观察组,其中孕前体重指数(BMI)<25者20例,BMI≥25者20例.另取正常妊娠孕妇60例为对照组,BMI<25者30例,BMI≥25者30例.采用放免法测定两组孕妇空腹脂联素、胰岛素水平,用酶法测定血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)、甘油三脂、总胆固醇、血糖,并计算胰岛素抵抗(IR)指数(HOMA-IR).结果显示观察组孕妇空腹血清脂联素显著低于对照组(P<0.05),FFA、空腹血糖、胰岛索、总胆固醇、甘油三脂显著高于对照组(P均<0.05).当BMI<25时,GDM组血清脂联素显著低于对照组(P<0.05).而当BMI≥25时,两组脂联素水平无差异.HOMA-IR与脂联素呈负相关(r=-0.161,P<0.05),与FFA呈正相关(r=0.24JD,P<0.01).认为GDM孕妇血清脂联素水平降低,FFA水平升高.排除体脂因素后,只有在正常体质量的GDM患者中才有空腹脂联素水平降低.低脂联素和高FFA水平与GDM患者胰岛素抵抗密切相关.     

2型糖尿病患者内脏素水平与胰岛素抵抗、胰岛β细胞功能之间的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者内脏素水平变化及与胰岛抵抗和胰岛B细胞功能之间的关系.方法 检测了2型糖尿病患者95例和正常对照组54例内脏素、血脂、血糖和空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,并评价了颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT).采用稳态模式(HOMA)评价胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能.结果 2型糖尿病组胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、颈动脉IMT和内脏素水平高于对照组,胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)水平低于对照组(P<0.05).Spearman相关性分析显示,内脏素与空腹血糖(r＝0.496,P＝0.000)和HOMA-IR(r＝-0.380,P＝0.000)呈正相关;与HOMA-β(r＝-0.355,P＝0.000)呈负相关.多元逐步回归分析显示,内脏素与空腹血糖呈独立正相关(P＝0.000).结论 2型糖尿病患者内脏素水平升高,内脏素可能与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能损害有一定相关性.     

肥胖青少年2型糖尿病IMT与血清APN、hs-CRP及胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨血清脂联素(APN)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及胰岛素抵抗与肥胖青少年2型糖尿病颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系.方法 选择60例肥胖青少年,其中单纯肥胖38例(肥胖1组)、伴2型糖尿病22例(肥胖2组),另择30例体质量正常的健康青少年作为对照组.测量各组身高、体质量、血压、腰围(WC)、IMT,实验室检测空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(HNS)、APN、hs-CRP及血脂,计算BMI和HOMA-IR.分析APN、hs-CRP、HOMA-IR与IMT的相关性.结果 肥胖1、2组血清APN水平均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05或＜0.01),肥胖2组APN水平明显低于肥胖1组(P＜0.05).肥胖1、2组BMI、IMT、hs-CRP、FINS、HOMA-IR及WC明显高于对照组(P均＜0.05),IMT与APN呈负相关(r=-2.532,P＜0.05),IMT与BMI、HOMA-IR、WC、hs-CRP呈正相关(r=-0.253,P＜0.05),与BMI、HOMA-IR、WC、hs-CRP呈正相关(r分别为0.187、0.366、0.218、0.224,P均＜0.05).结论 肥胖青少年血清APN显著降低,IMT与APN降低、胰岛素抵抗、hs-CRP升高密切相关.     

2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素、脂联素与下肢动脉病变的关系

目的 探讨初诊2型糖尿病患者空腹血清抵抗素、脂联素水平与下肢动脉病变(PAD)的关系.方法 根据踝肱指数(ABI)将96例初诊2型糖尿病患者分为PAD组和非PAD组,另选取52例健康体检者作为正常对照组,测定患者空腹血清抵抗素、脂联素、血糖、血脂及胰岛素,测量身高、体重、血压;计算体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).结果 1.与正常对照组相比,2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素水平明显升高(P＜0.01),脂联素水平明显降低(P＜0.01).2.与非PAD组相比,PAD组患者年龄明显偏高(P＜0.01),血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平升高(P＜0.05)、HOMA-IR、血清抵抗素明显升高(P＜0.01),脂联素水平降低(P＜0.01).3.相关分析表明,2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素与ABI呈正相关(r=0.367,P＜0.05),血清抵抗素与ABI负相关(r=-0.421,P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病合并PAD患者血清抵抗素、脂联素水平明显改变且与ABI相关,抵抗素、脂联素可能在2型糖尿病下肢动脉病变的发生发展中起重要作用.     

初发2型糖尿病患者血脂联素和瘦素与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 研究初发2型糖尿病患者血脂联素和瘦素水平的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法 选择46例初发2型糖尿病患者,及与其体脂含量相匹配的糖耐量正常者43名,计算体重指数(BMI)和腰臀围比(WHR),并空腹采血,测定血糖(FPG)、血脂、真胰岛素(FTI)、胰岛素原(FPI)、脂联素和瘦素浓度,分析血清脂联素和瘦素水平的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系.用胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)评估胰岛素抵抗程度.结果 2型糖尿病组与正常对照组比较,年龄、BMI无统计学意义(P>0.05),三酰甘油、FPG及FPI和HOMA-IR明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),舒张压、脂联素水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);相关分析显示,脂联素与FPG、FTI、HOMA-IR、BMI、WHR呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);瘦素与BMI、FTI、HOMA-IR、FPG呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与WHR无关.人血清脂联素和瘦素间无相关性.结论 人血清脂联素和瘦素与胰岛素抵抗密切相关,体脂含量相同的初发2型糖尿病患者血脂联素水平低于正常人.     

2型糖尿病一级亲属脂联素和胰岛素抵抗与冠心病相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者一级亲属正常糖耐量个体中脂联素水平的变化,研究脂联素和胰岛素抵抗与冠心病的关系.方法 对2型糖尿病患者一级亲属正常糖耐量合并冠心病患者、无冠心病患者、正常人进行血压、空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素(FINS)、甘油三酯(TG)、瘦素(Leptin)及脂联素的测定.结果 2型糖尿病一级亲属合并冠心病组和无冠心病组血清脂联素水平低于正常对照组,合并冠心病组血清脂联素水平低于无冠心病组.血清脂联素与血压、TG、Leptin、胰岛素抵抗指数呈负相关.结论 血清脂联素可能在2型糖尿病一级亲属胰岛素抵抗及心血管并发症的发生发展中有重要作用.     

2型糖尿病一级亲属血清脂联素、瘦素及其比值与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的 研究血清瘦素、脂联素与2型糖尿病(T2DM)一级亲属胰岛素抵抗(IR)相关性,探讨二者在T2DM发病中作用.方法 收集既往无糖耐量异常史的T2DM一级亲属, 分为糖耐量正常(NGT)组174例、空腹血糖受损(IFG)或糖耐量低减(IGT)组55例,及新发T2DM组71例;以其无糖尿病家族史的配偶或亲友中OGTT正常者114例作为正常对照组(NC).酶联免疫法测定上述人群的血清真胰岛素(TI)、瘦素和脂联素水平.用HOMA-IR评价胰岛素抵抗(IR)状态.结果 从NC至NGT、IGT/IFG到DM组,IR进行性加重(HOMA-IR分别为1.3±0.7、1.7±1.5、 2.2±1.4 和3.2±2.8,P＜0.01);血清瘦素水平进行性增高(P＜0.01),瘦素水平与HOMA-IR正相关(r=0.35, P＜0.01);血清脂联素水平进行性降低(分别为20±12、17±11、13±8和10±6mg/L,P＜0.01),与HOMA-IR负相关(r=-0.41,P＜0.01);脂联素/瘦素比值进性行降低,与HOMA-IR负相关(r=-0.53, P＜0.01). 结论 T2DM一级亲属在NGT时即存在瘦素水平升高和脂联素水平明显下降.脂联素/瘦素比值下降趋势与IR和糖调节受损的严重程度密切相关,推测该比值的变化可能是糖尿病一级亲属存在的固有遗传缺陷的一种表现,可能在IR和T2DM的发生发展中起重要作用,因而渴望作为预测T2DM发病的早期观察指标.     

高甘油三酯血症患者脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗相关性研究

入选对象90例,分为高甘油三酯组(HT)和低甘油三酯组(LT).评价颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)等指标的水平.结果HT组腰臀比(WHR)、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(APOB)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)和HOMA-IR水平高于LT组,高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)低于LT组(P＜0.05).HT组IMT、血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)高于LT组,脂联素水平低于LT组(P＜0.001).Spearman相关分析显示,脂联素与HDL-C(r=0.342,P=0.001)和载脂蛋白A1(APO-A1)(r=0.295,P=0.005)呈正相关;与AIP(r=-0.302,P=0.004)和TG(r=-0.285,P=0.007)呈负相关.在校正BMI、体内脂肪含量(BFC)、WHR后,脂联素仍然与AIP呈负相关(r=-0.244,P=0.024).结论高甘油三酯血症患者脂联素水平降低,并且低脂联素与脂代谢紊乱和动脉粥样硬化密切相关.     

2型糖尿病患者脂联素与胰岛β细胞第一时相分泌功能的关系探讨

目的 探讨不同糖耐量个体脂联素与胰岛β细胞第一时相分泌功能的关系.方法 37例新诊断的2型糖尿病患者(DM组),30例糖耐量异常者(IGR组),40名正常对照组(NGT组),行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT),ELISA法测定空腹脂联素及胰岛素原(PI)水平,比色法测定空腹游离脂肪酸(FFA).计算0～10 min胰岛素曲线下面积(AUC)、0～10 min胰岛素曲线下增加面积(iAUC)、AIR3-5、稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及胰岛β细胞功能(HOMA-β).探讨脂联素与AUC、iAUC、AIR3-5、PI、FFA及HOMA-IR的关系.结果 (1)DM组及IGR组脂联素、AUC、iAUC、AIR3-5显著低于NGT组(P<0.05),DM组较IGR组明显降低(P<0.05).(2)DM组、IGR组PI明显高于NGT组(P<0.05).(3)脂联素与HOMA-β、AUC、iAUC、AIR3-5、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇正相关,与PI、FFA、HOMA-IR、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)负相关.(4)PI与HOMA-IR值正相关.(5)多元逐步回归分析显示,脂联素与AUC独立相关.结论 脂联素为胰岛β细胞第一时相分泌功能的独立影响因素,低脂联素水平可以预测2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞第一时相功能受损及胰岛素抵抗.     

2型糖尿病患者一级亲属非糖尿病者游离脂肪酸水平和代谢特点

目的 探讨2型糖尿病家系一级亲属非糖尿病者血清游离脂肪酸(NEFA)的变化及影响因素.方法 测定186例2型糖尿病患者、565名2型糖尿病家系一级亲属非糖尿病者、149名正常对照者的血脂、血糖及胰岛素水平.结果 (1)一级亲属组空腹NEFA水平明显低于2型糖尿病组[(0.53±0.28 vs 0.63±0.31)mmol/L,P＜0.01],稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)明显高于正常对照组(0.98±0.51 vs 0.89±0.47,P＜0.01).(2)一级亲属组体重指数(BMI)、血糖及葡萄糖曲线下面积(AUCglu)较高者空腹NEFA明显高于较低者(均P＜0.05).(3)相关分析显示,一级亲属组空腹NEFA与BMI、收缩压、舒张压、AUCglu明显相关(r分别为0.12、0.148、0.21、0.281,均P＜0.05);多元逐步回归分析显示,AUCglu、舒张压、年龄是影响一级亲属组空腹NEFA水平的独立相关因素(均P＜0.01).结论 2型糖尿病家系一级亲属非糖尿病者已经存在胰岛素抵抗,后者与NEFA水平的升高密切相关.     

Decreased plasma adiponectin is associated with insulin resistance and HDL cholesterol in overweight subjects

The purpose of this study was to investigate plasma adiponectin concentration and its relation with metabolic parameters in overweight and normal weight subjects. The study was carried out in 46 overweight subjects (20 male, 26 female; mean age 39.4 +/- 10.2 years) and 48 (19 male, 29 female; mean age 36.1 +/- 10.6 years) sex- and age-matched normal weight subjects. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and adiponectin, glucose, insulin, lipid profile, total homocysteine (tHcy) and fibrinogen levels were measured. The insulin resistance index was assessed by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Plasma mean adiponectin concentrations of the overweight subjects were significantly lower than those of normal weight subjects (15.0 +/- 4.2 vs 17.3 +/- 5.6 ng/ml) (P<0.05). In overweight subjects, adiponectin levels negatively correlated with body weight (r = -0.35, P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.28, P<0.006), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.21, P<0.04), fasting insulin (r = -0.19, P<0.01) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.20, P<0.01) and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = 0.27, P<0.009). Overweight subjects with low HDL-C levels had significantly decreased plasma adiponectin levels compared to those with high HDL-C levels (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that BMI, HOMA-IR and HDL-C explained 12%, 20% and 15% variance of the adiponectin concentrations. These findings may suggest that circulating adiponectin is associated with insulin resistance and HDL-C levels independent from BMI in overweight subjects.     

肥胖儿童的动脉粥样硬化危险因素

目的通过比较肥胖和非肥胖儿童动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,探讨肥胖对儿童发生动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法对51例肥胖儿童和32例非肥胖儿童常规进行24h动态血压测定,检测胰岛素、高敏C反应蛋白、游离脂肪酸、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,采用B超检测颈动脉内膜中膜厚度、内皮依赖性血管舒张功能、最大的腹膜前脂肪厚度和最小的皮下脂肪厚度,酶联免疫吸附法检验血清抵抗素、脂联素,并计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数。结果肥胖儿童组高敏C反应蛋白、胰岛素抵抗指数高于非肥胖儿童组(分别为1.57±0.06mg/L、4.567±2.621和1.38±0.05mg/L、1.70±0.712),空腹胰岛素、最小皮下脂肪厚度、最大腹膜前脂肪厚度、24h平均收缩压、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、游离脂肪酸也明显增高(P<0.05);肥胖组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂联素低于非肥胖组(分别为0.27±0.22mmol/L、1.477±0.609mg/L和1.14±0.25mmol/L、2.795±1.124mg/L;P<0.05)。但两组颈动脉内膜中膜厚度、24h平均舒张压、内皮依赖性血管舒张功能无明显差异。体质指数与24h平均收缩压(r=0.43,P=0.006)、高敏C反应蛋白(r=0.461,P=0.018)、胰岛素抵抗指数(r=0.463,P=0.007)、游离脂肪酸(r=0.358,P=0.029)呈正相关,而与脂联素(r=-0.356,P=0.031)呈负相关。结论肥胖儿童导致动脉粥样硬化的危险因素水平明显增高,肥胖儿童已经存在动脉粥样硬化慢性炎症的早期改变,但是还未出现动脉内膜粥样斑块形态学上的改变。     

Low plasma apelin levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate blood apelin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had no additional disorder and to investigate the association of apelin with adiponectin, body mass indexes (BMI) and insulin sensitivity. METHODS: Forty patients with T2DM and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Apelin levels were measured along with BMI, lipids, glucose, insulin and adiponectin levels, and HOMA-IR indexes. Age, sex and BMI were similar in the two groups. RESULTS: Plasma apelin and adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the diabetic group compared to controls (p<0.001, for both). Insulin levels and HOMA indexes were significantly higher in patients with T2DM (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Apelin levels were negatively correlated with age (r=-0.315, p=0.006), fasting blood glucose (r=-0.556, p<0.001) and HOMA indexes (r=-0.411, p=0.001), and positively correlated with plasma adiponectin levels (r=0.593, p<0.001). Plasma adiponectin was negatively correlated to plasma insulin (r=-0.379, p=0.001), fasting glucose (r=-0.604, p<0.001), HOMA-IR (r=-0.559, p<0.001) and BMI (=-0.229, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma apelin is reduced in newly diagnosed and untreated patients with T2DM having no confounders. Regulation of circulating apelin and adiponectin seems to be in the same manner in patients with T2DM. Dysregulation of apelin might be involved in the mechanism of establishment of overt diabetes mellitus as well as associated atherosclerotic complications.     

Decreased plasma adiponectin levels in young obese males

Plasma adiponectin levels are reduced in middle-aged obesity and in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of early-aged obesity on plasma adiponectin level. Twenty-six male college students (19.2 +/- 1.1 years, obese group: n = 15, [body mass index > 25, percent body fat > 25%], non-obese group: n = 11) participated in the present study. We measured anthropometric parameters and plasma adiponectin and leptin level. Plasma adiponectin levels in the obese group were significantly lower than those in the non-obese group (obese: 4.7 +/- 2.0 micro g/ml, non-obese: 6.8 +/- 2.2 micro g/ml, p < 0.05). On the other hand, plasma leptin levels in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the non-obese group (obese: 8.4 +/- 3.2 ng/ml, non-obese: 2.6 +/- 2.1 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Plasma adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with body weight (r = -0.415, p < 0.05) and percent body fat (r = -0.412, p < 0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that percent body fat was a significant independent predictor of plasma adiponectin level (r = 0.406, p < 0.05). These results show that obesity is associated with reduced plasma adiponectin even in young subjects.     

A novel index of insulin resistance determined from the homeostasis model assessment index and adiponectin levels in Japanese subjects

Insulin resistance is the principal cause of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes and induces progression of severe atherosclerosis in these patients. Adiponectin, the adipose-specific proteins, is known to correlate negatively with insulin resistance in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of using serum adiponectin levels as a marker of insulin resistance in various states of insulin resistance. Furthermore, we attempted to establish a modified index of the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR), calculated from the product of serum insulin and plasma glucose levels divided by serum adiponectin levels (HOMA-AD). We recruited 117 Japanese subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and determined serum adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity (M-value) by using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. M-value, the gold standard index of insulin resistance, correlates significantly and independently with fasting insulin (r=-0.313, P<0.001), glucose (r=-0.319, P<0.001), and adiponectin (r=0.241, P<0.002) levels. M-values were more significantly correlated with HOMA-AD (r=-0.643, P<0.001) than HOMA-IR values (r=-0.591, P<0.001). In subjects with moderate hyperglycemia (fasting glucose levels>8.0mmol/L, n=30), HOMA-AD showed a more significant correlation with the M-value than HOMA-IR (r=-0.535, P=0.005 versus r=-0.461, P=0.010). We would therefore like to propose a novel index, HOMA-AD, as a simple and adequate index for determining insulin resistance even in diabetic patients with overt hyperglycemia.     

单纯性肥胖青少年血清内脂素水平及其与年龄和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的关系

目的 检测单纯性肥胖及正常青少年血清内脂素水平,探讨其与年龄、体重指数(BMI)、脂联素、瘦素、血脂、血糖及胰岛素水平的关系.方法 研究对象共148名,其中单纯性肥胖症青少年72例,正常对照76名.采用放射免疫分析法、酶法测定两组青少年的空腹血清内脂素、脂联素、瘦素、睾酮、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)等.肥胖组青少年均做口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTF),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)和早期胰岛素分泌指数(EISI).结果 肥胖组血清内脂素水平显著高于正常对照组[(37.65±18.28 vs 29.35±12.10) μg/L,P<0.01].正常对照组血清内脂素水平与人体测量指数及脂质参数之间无任何相关性,而肥胖组血清内脂素与年龄、EISI和Tanner分期呈负相关,与血清HDL-C水平呈正相关.并且在校正年龄、性别、体重指数后,内脂素水平与年龄及HDL-C水平仍然呈显著相关(g<0.05).结论 在中国青少年人群中,血清内脂素随年龄增长而下降,且可能参与体内HDL-C代谢的调控.     

Low circulating adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance in non-obese peritoneal dialysis patients

In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), circulating adipokine levels are increased due to decreased renal clearance, irrespective of obesity. However, whether adipokines play a role in the development of insulin resistance (IR) in non-obese ESRD patients is unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify factors associated with IR in 62 non-obese patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Non-obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2. IR was determined using homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR). We also measured serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and IL-6. The average BMI of the study patients was 21.6 kg/m2. When patients were divided into two groups according to the median value of HOMA-IR, serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in patients with HOMA-IR > 1.85 than in those with HOMA-IR ≤1.85, whereas serum concentrations of leptin and resistin did not differ between the two groups. In addition, log-transformed HOMA-IR was negatively correlated with adiponectin (γ = -0.464, P < 0.001) and log-transformed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (γ = -0.250, P = 0.050) and positively correlated with age (γ = 0.334, P = 0.008) and triglyceride (γ = 0.392, P = 0.002). However, resistin, log-transformed leptin and log-transformed hsCRP were not associated with HOMA-IR. In a multiple linear regression model, adiponectin was independently associated with HOMA-IR (β = -0.023, P = 0.015). In conclusion, this study suggests that low circulating adiponectin levels might be involved in IR even in non-obese patients undergoing PD.     

肥胖儿童血清脂联素水平与代谢综合征、早期动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 研究脂联素在肥胖儿童极早期动脉粥样硬化形成过程中所起的保护性作用,评价血清脂联素水平对儿童代谢综合征的诊断价值.方法 选择176例肥胖和88名非肥胖年龄9～12岁的儿童,酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测血清脂联素水平,收集身高、体重、腰围、血压、胰岛素、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、血脂、血糖等临床资料,计算稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).超声测量颈动脉内中膜层厚度(IMT)、颈动脉血管顺应性(CAC)、内皮依赖的血管舒张功能(FMD)和最大的腹膜前脂肪厚度(Pmax).结果 (1)脂联素与肥胖指标、血压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR、hsCRP、IMT呈显著负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与甘油三酯、空腹血糖、CAC、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、FMD无显著相关性(P>0.05).(2)以脂联素水平7.060 mg/L为切点,<7.060 mg/L的儿童发生代谢综合征的危险是>7.060 mg/L的4.43倍.(3)用血清脂联素水平判断代谢综合征诊断的敏感性,曲线下面积为0.769(95%CI0.714～0.816,P<0.01).(4)根据血清脂联素水平将肥胖儿童分为高、中、低3组,重度肥胖、内脏脂肪积聚、高血压、高胰岛素血症、低HDL-C、代谢综合征患病率3组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 提高肥胖儿童血清脂联素水平有助于预防极早期动脉粥样硬化的发生.脂联素越低的儿童,患代谢综合征的可能性似越大.     

Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma adiponectin in newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE: This prospective study evaluates the effect of insulin sensitizers, pioglitazone (PGZ) and metformin (MET) on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in subjects newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN: Double blind, randomized, active control, dose escalation study of 12 weeks treatment duration. PATIENTS: Thirty apparently healthy, treatment-naive T2DM patients diagnosed within the past 6 months. MEASUREMENTS: Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and insulin resistance by the homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: Baseline plasma levels of adiponectin were lower in diabetic (n = 30) subjects than matched controls (n = 10, 6.6 +/- 1.1 vs 10.4 +/- 4.2 microg/ml, P = 0.021). The 12-week treatment with PGZ significantly increased adiponectin concentrations (6.6 +/- 1.1-17.9 +/- 7.4 microg/ml, P < 0.001) with no alteration in the MET treated group (6.8 +/- 1.5-6.7 +/- 2.8 microg/ml, P = 0.9). A significant decrease in plasma leptin levels was observed in the MET treated group (32.0 +/- 28.9-21.4 +/- 23.3 ng/ml, P = 0.024) but not in the PGZ treated group (23.9 +/- 24.1-22.4 +/- 25.4 ng/ml, P = 0.69). The alterations in plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were not associated with any change in body mass index (BMI). PGZ therapy improved insulin sensitivity to a greater degree (P = 0.007 and P = 0.001 for fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and HOMA-IR, respectively) than MET (P = 0.75 and P = 0.02 for FPI and HOMA-IR, respectively) but this improvement was not significantly different from that of MET at the end of 12 weeks (P = 0.146 and P = 0.09 for FPI and HOMA-IR, respectively). However, improvement in insulin sensitivity with PGZ was not commensurate with the increase in adiponectin. Better control of postbreakfast plasma glucose (PBPG) as well as decrease in serum triglycerides (TGs) were also seen with PGZ (PBPG, P < 0.001; TGs, P = 0.013). The rest of the parameters were comparable. Adverse reactions reported were minor and did not result in treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone therapy appears to be better in achieving glycaemic control and increasing plasma adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in newly detected type 2 diabetics.     

Inflammation, insulin resistance and carotid IMT in first degree relatives of north Indian type 2 diabetic subjects

Inflammation is associated with insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes but whether it causes insulin resistance and accelerated atherosclerosis or an epiphenomena of insulin resistance is not clear. Thirty-eight young normoglycemic, non-obese, first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic subjects (FH(+)) and 38 control subjects without family history of diabetes (FH(-)) (age and sex matched), were studied to determine difference in inflammatory markers, insulin resistance and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Plasma glucose, insulin (fasting and 2h after 75gm oral glucose) lipids and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and fibrinogen were measured after an overnight fast of 10-12h. First degree relative group (FH(+)) have higher BMI (p<0.05), composite IMT (p<0.05) and CRP level (p<0.05), however, after adjustment for BMI, the two groups did not significantly differ. Fibrinogen was not significantly correlated with composite IMT in FH(+) group after controlling with BMI. In FH(+) group composite IMT was significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (p<0.05), LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05), postprandial insulin level (p<0.05) and HOMA-IR (p<0.05) after adjustment of BMI. Thus insulin resistance is a major determinant of atherosclerosis in subjects with high risk of type 2 diabetes showing the strong relationship between inflammation, obesity and insulin resistance.