生物素化的HLA-A*2402-抗原肽复合物的制备

目的 制备生物素化的HLA-A＊2402-抗原肽复合物。方法 将原核高效表达的sHLA-A＊2402-BSP融合蛋白及β2m和HLA-A＊2402限制性抗原肽EB病毒BRLF1蛋白中的九肽NH2-TYPVLEEMF-COOH进行稀释、复性、折叠，形成HLA—A＊2402-抗原肽复合物单体，并在BirA酶作用下进行生物素化，使生物素结合到HLA-A＊2402-抗原肽复合物中H链C端的BSP序列上形成生物素化的sHLA—A＊2402-抗原肽复合物单体。利用特异性单克隆克体（W6／32和兔抗人β2微球蛋白抗体）及链霉亲合素进行ELISA和Westem blot，检测稀释复性和生物素化的折叠产物。结果 折叠复合物中，主要含有HLA—A＊2402-肽复合物单体及β2两种成分，其中HLA-A＊2402-肽复合物单体可生物素化。结论 成功制备出生物素化的HLA—A＊2402-抗原肽复合物单体，为进一步构建四聚体及制备人工抗原提呈细胞奠定了基础。     

加载白血病抗原肽PRl的HLA-A*0201四聚体制备

目的制备加载白血病抗原肽PR1的HLA-A＊0201四聚体。方法构建HLA-A＊0201-BSP和β2-微球蛋白（β2M）原核表达载体，进行目的蛋白表达、纯化。在体外将PR1（VLQELNVIV）与纯化的HLA-A＊0201-BSP、β2M通过稀释复性折叠成HLA-A＊0201-PR1复合物。利用BirA酶进行生物素标记。再经阴离子交换纯化得到生物素化的HLA-A＊0201-PR1复合物单体。此单体与PE标记的链霉亲和素按4：1比例混合，即可形成四聚体。结果成功制备了HLA-A＊0201-PRl四聚体。结论制备的HLA-A＊0201-PR1四聚体为定量检测白血病患者体内PR1抗原特异性的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞提供了有力工具。     

HBc-HLA-A*1101-β2m复合物单体及其四聚体的制备和鉴定

目的制备HBc-HLA-A ＊ 1101-β2m复合物单体和四聚体,并对其特异性进行了鉴定。方法原核高效表达的HLA-A ＊ 1101-BSP和β2m蛋白,在抗原肽（乙型肝炎病毒的核心蛋白HBc88-96）的存在下,体外复性折叠成可溶性的HLA-A ＊ 1101抗原肽复合物单体,经BirA酶作用并通过凝胶过滤层析法纯化复合物单体;然后将此复合物单体与藻红蛋白标记的链霉亲和素按一定比例耦合构建成四聚体;最后用流式细胞仪检测分析该四聚体结合特异性CTL的能力。结果Western blot和Dot-ELISA检测显示所制备的HLA-A ＊ 1101抗原肽复合物单体具有天然构象,且可被生物素化;流式细胞仪分析显示所制备的四聚体可与HLA-A11^＋供者的抗原特异性CTL结合。结论成功制备了具有完整构象的生物素化HLA-A ＊ 1101抗原肽复合物单体;此四聚体可以特异检测抗原特异性的细胞毒性T细胞。     

HBV抗原肽-HLA-A*2402复合物四聚体的构建及初步检测应用

目的：构建2种HBV抗原肽-HLA-A＋2402复合物四聚体，并初步用该2种四聚体检测针对不同抗原肽特异性的细胞毒性T细胞（CTL）。方法：原核高效表达HLA-A＋2402-BSP和β2m蛋白后，分别与乙型肝炎病毒抗原肽P01756-764和Corell7-125在体外复性折叠成可溶性的HLA-A＋2402抗原肽复合物单体，经BirA酶作用并通过凝胶过滤层析法纯化复合物单体，分别将复合物单体与藻红蛋白标记的链霉亲和素按一定比例耦合构建成2种HBV抗原肽四聚体。最后进行流式细胞术检测。结果：Dot-ELISA和ELISA检测显示获得了2种具有天然构象的生物素化的HBV抗原肽-HLA-A＋2402复合物单体。结论：构建的2种四聚体可以检测乙型肝炎感染者体内特异性的CTL。     

负载HCMV pp65抗原肽的HLA-A*1101-GPI四聚体的制备和鉴定

为体外复性制备负载人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)pp65抗原肽的HLA-A*1101-GPI四聚体,研究优化HLA-A*1101重链与生物素化酶底物肽融合蛋白(HLA-A*1101-BSP)在大肠杆菌中的诱导表达的温度、时间和诱导剂IPTG浓度,并以抗HLA-A*0201抗血清进行免疫印迹鉴定HLA-A*1101-BSP的表达水平。将初步纯化的HLA-A*1101-BSP与β2-微球蛋白(β2m)和HCMV抗原肽pp6516-24(GPISGHVLK,简称GPI)一起利用稀释法进行重折叠复性,获得可溶性HLA-A*1101-GPI单体,经生物素化和纯化后,与Streptavidin-PE结合成四聚体。流式细胞仪分析显示HLA-A*1101-GPI四聚体具有与特异性细胞毒T细胞(CTL)的结合活性,表明成功获得可溶性HLA-A*1101-GPI四聚体,为研究HLA-A*1101限制性CTL的免疫应答打下基础。     

sHLA-A*0201-抗原肽四聚体的构建与功能检测

目的：构建有功能的sHLA-A＊0201-抗原肽四聚体，建立一套HLA Ⅰ类分子／抗原肽的四聚体制备技术。方法：利用基因工程及体外折叠技术构建sHLA-A＊0201-LMP2A426-434复合物分子，并在BirA酶的作用下生物素化。与荧光标记的亲和素衍生物以分子数4：1结合而形成HLA-A＊0201-LMP2A426-434四聚体。获得的四聚体对长期混合淋巴细胞培养中增殖的抗原特异性CTL进行检测，同时用细胞毒实验验证。结果：荧光标记的亲和素与生物素化的HLA-A＊0201-抗原肽复合物分子正确结合，制备的四聚体能够与长期混合淋巴细胞培养出的特异性T细胞结合。结论：从结构与功能上证实成功地获得有功能的HLA-A＊0201-抗原肽复合物四聚体。为进一步研究T细胞识别机制与功能奠定了基础，也为过程复杂的HLA-抗原肽四聚体制备提供了可行的免疫学监控方法。     

HLA-A*0201/HPV-18E77-15五聚体的构建及其初步应用

目的构建人乳头状瘤病毒18型（HPV-18）特异性HLA-A2肽五聚体，为HPV-18型抗原特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）的检测提供直接、有效的方法，并将其初步应用于宫颈癌患者外周血中抗原特异性CTL的检测。方法构建含有HLA-A2-BSP和β2M基因的原核表达载体，并进行表达、复性、鉴定及纯化。再将特异性短肽与HLA-A2-BSP和β2M在体外进行耦合，该复合物经纯化浓缩后进行生物素化。生物素化的产物经纯化浓缩后形成单体，此单体再与藻红蛋白标记的链霉亲和素按一定比例耦合构建成五聚体。运用所构建的五聚体，通过流式细胞仪检测宫颈癌患者外周血中抗原特异性CTL，并与正常对照组进行比较分析。结果所构建的pBV220-HLA-A2-BSP和pBV220-β2M原核表达载体的表达高效而且稳定，纯度达90％以上。HPV-18阳性宫颈癌患者体内抗原特异性CTL计数明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论在五聚体复合物的构建中，高效、稳定的pBV220-HLA-A2-BSP和pBV220-β2M原核表达载体是构建成功的基础。所构建的MHC I类分子五聚体和传统的四聚体相比，作为体内、外HPV-18E7抗原特异性CTL检测的有效工具，具有一定优势。     

三种常见HBV抗原肽-HLA-A*0201复合物四聚体的构建及初步检测应用

目的 体外构建三种常见HBV抗原肽-HLA-A*0201复合物四聚体,并初步用该三种四聚体对抗原肽特异性的细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)进行了初步检测.方法 原核高效表达的HLA-A*0201-BSP和β2m蛋白,分别和三种HBV抗原肽(HBVCore18-27,Env335-343,Po1575-583)体外复性折叠成可溶性的HLA-A*0201抗原肽复合物单体,经BirA酶作用并通过凝胶过滤层析法纯化复合物单体,分别将复合物单体与藻红蛋白标记的链霉亲和素按一定比例耦合构建成相应的三种抗原肽四聚体.最后进行流式细胞仪检测.结果 Dot-ELISA和ELISA检测显示获得了三种具有天然构象的生物素化的HBV抗原肽-HLA-A*0201复合物单体.构建的三种四聚体均可以检测到相应特异性的CTL,在自限性感染患者体内针对乙肝核心抗原(core18-27)的CTL细胞频数(0.18%)高于针对聚合酶抗原(po1575-583)(0.08%)和包膜抗原(env335-343)(0.06%).结论 成功构建了三种具有完整构象的生物素化HBV抗原肽-HLA-A*0201复合物单体,所构建的三种四聚体都可以检测到抗原特异性的CTL.     

HLA-A*0206-BSP和-A*0207-BSP融合基因的构建与表达

采用RT-PCR技术从HLA-A*0206和-A*0207阳性个体的PBMC中分别克隆出HLA-A*0206和-A*0207基因的全长cDNA序列,构建HLA-A*0206和-A*0207克隆载体。再利用PCR技术从构建的克隆载体中扩增HLA-A*0206和-A*0207的α链(重链)胞外段序列,分别经双酶切置换本室保存的HLA-A*0201-BSP重组体中的HLA-A*0201胞外段序列,使HLA-A*0206和-A*0207与BirA酶底物肽(BirA substrate peptide,BSP)序列融合,构建HLA-A*0206-BSP和-A*0207-BSP融合基因的表达载体,经限制性酶切和DNA测序证实。然后将该表达载体转化E.coliBL21(DE3)后获得表达产物,通过体外稀释复性,初步纯化的表达产物通过ELISA和Western blot检测证明能够与β2微球蛋白(HLA I类分子轻链)及HLA-A2限制性抗原肽(HBV core 18-27)折叠形成具有HLA I类分子天然构象的抗原肽/HLA-A2复合物单体。为进一步构建HLA-A*0206和-A*0207四聚体,探讨相应HLA-A2亚型的功能特点提供了物质基础。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化HLA-A*0201限制性PDC-E2特异性CTL功能分析

目的：探讨原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）中HLA-A＊ 0201限制的PDC-E2159-167特异性CTL与PDC-E2165-174特异性CTL功能。方法：分析15例HLA-A＊0201阳性（A2＋）PBC患者抗原肽PDC-E2159-167、PDC-E2165-174诱导的CTL对以表达HLA-A＊ 0201分子的T2细胞作为靶细胞的细胞毒性作用，并利用四聚体技术结合细胞内因子染色研究PDC-E2159-167特异性CTL与PDC-E2165-174特异性CTL分泌细胞因子（IFN-γ、IL-4和TNF-α）情况。结果：15例A2＋PBC患者中，12例PDC-E2159-167诱导的CTL和10例PDC-E2165-174诱导的CTL对负载相应抗原肽的靶细胞特异杀伤活性大于10%（E∶T=40∶1），而对照组则均小于10%；15例A2＋PBC患者从PBMC诱导的PDC-E2159-167特异性CTL和PDC-E2165-174特异性CTL中分泌IFN-γ细胞比值分别为0.33%±0.24%（0%～0.86%）、0.27%±0.24%（0%～0.75%），未检测到分泌TNF-α或IL-4的PDC-E2159-167或PDC-E2165-174特异性CTL。结论：结果表明，大部分PBC患者中HLA-A＊ 0201限制性PDC-E2159-167特异性CTL和PDC-E2165-174特异性CTL具有特异杀伤活性，HLA-A＊ 0201限制性PDC-E2特异性CTL主要分泌IFN-γ并非IL-4、TNF-α。     

High Level Expression of HLA-A＊0203-BSP Fusion Protein in Escherichia coli and Construction of Soluble HLA-A＊0203 Monomer and Tetramer Loaded with Epstein-Barr Virus Peptide

Major histocompatibility complex （MHC） tetramer technology is critical for characterization of antigen-specific T cells. In the present study we reported the successful generation of HLA-A＊0203 tetramer loaded with Epstein- Barr virus EBNA3596-604 peptide （SVRDRLARL, SVR）. Prokaryotic expression vector for the ectodomain of the heavy chain of HLA-A＊0203 fused with a BirA substrate peptide （HLA-A＊0203-BSP） was constructed and the expression conditions of the fusion protein in Escherichia coli （E. coli） were optimized. The fusion protein was highly expressed in inclusion bodies within E. coil It was then refolded in the presence of 132-microglobulin and SVR peptide to form a soluble HLA-A＊0203-SVR monomer. After biotinylation with BirA, the monomer was purified by anion-exchange chromatography and its purity was up to 95%. The tetramer was then formulated by mixing the biotinylated monomer with streptavidin-PE at a ratio of 4：1. Flow cytometry showed that this tetramer could specifically react with antigen-specific CD8^＋ T cells, indicating that it was biologically functional. These results provide a foundation for further characterization of antigen-specific CD8^＋ T cells from HLA-A＊0203 subjects.     

Construction and Functional Test of HLA-A＊2402-Peptide Tetramer

HLA-A~*2402 is one of the most frequent HLA-A allele in Asian population.To construct HLA-A~*2402-peptidetetramers,the transmembrane and intracellular segments of HLA-A~*2402 cDNA were replaced with BSP sequenceto form a fusion gene of sHLA-A~*2402-BSP.The sHLA-A~*2402-BSP fusion protein and β2m were high-levelexpressed as insoluble aggregates in E.coli,and refoided to form an HLA-A~*2402-peptide monomeric complex bydilution method in the presence of an antigenic peptide.The HLA-A~*2402-peptide monomeric complex wasbiotinated and tetramized to prepare HLA-A~*2402-peptide tetramer.Then using the HLA-A~*2402-peptidetetramers to detect antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)induced by artificial antigen presenting cell(aAPC)in vitro.The results showed that HLA-A~*2402-peptide tetramer was prepared correctly,and functional indetecting antigen-specific CTL in vitro,HLA-A~*2402-peptide monomeric and its multimeric complexes areexpected to provide a powerful tool for studying mechanisms of immune-related diseases in Asian populations.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2005;2(2):145-149.     

Preparation and Identification of HLA-A＊1101 Tetramer Loading with Human Cytomegalovirus pp65 Antigen Peptide

MHC/peptide tetramer technology has been widely used to study antigen-specific T cells, especially for identifying virus-specific CD8^＋ T cells in humans. The tetramer molecule is composed of HLA heavy chain, β2-microglobulin （β2m）, an antigenic peptide, and fluorescent-labeled streptavidin. To further investigate the HLA-A＊1101-restricted CD8^＋ T cell responses against human cytomegalovirus （HCMV）, we established an approach to prepare HLA-A＊1101 tetramer complexed with a peptide from HCMV. The cDNA encoding HLA-A＊1101 heavy chain was cloned and the prokaryotic expression vector for the ectodomain of HLA-A＊1101 fused with a BirA substrate peptide （HLA-A＊1101-BSP） at its carboxyl terminus was constructed. The fusion protein was highly expressed as inclusion bodies under optimized conditions in Escherichla coli. Moreover, HLA-A＊1101-BSP protein was refolded in the presence of β2m and an HCMV peptide pp6516.24 （GPISGHVLK, GPI）. Soluble HLA-A＊1101-GPI monomer was biotinylated and purified to a purity of 95%, which was subsequently combined with streptavidin to form tetramers at a yield of 〉 80%. The HLA-A＊1101-GPI tetramers could bind to virus-specific CD8^＋ T cells, suggesting soluble HLA-A＊1101-GPI tetramers were biologically functional. This study provides the basis for further evaluation of HLA-A＊1101-restricted CD8^＋ T cell responses against HCMV infection.     

sHLA-A*2402融合蛋白的制备与特性研究

本文用含有HLA-A*2402重链胞外段基因的质粒为模板进行PCR,利用下游引物拼接上依赖BirA的可生物化序列后,构建融合基因sHLA-A*2402-BSP,与质粒pET-21d重组后,在宿主菌E.coliBL21(DE3)中诱导表达。表达的融合蛋白与β2m及HLA-A*2402限制性抗原肽EB病毒BRLF1蛋白中的九肽NH2-TYPVLEEMF-COOH进行复性折叠,形成HLA-A*2402-抗原肽复合物单体,并用Westernblot和夹心ELISA法鉴定。证实成功地制备出sHLA-A*2402-生物素化序列融合蛋白并使之正确折叠复性。为研究在原核系统中表达、纯化与复性及体外构建MHCI类分子四聚体,探讨免疫识别机制奠定了基础。     

HLA-A2+供者外周血hCMV特异性CTL的定量及其表型分析

目的:利用加载人巨细胞病毒(hCMV)结构蛋白pp65衍生抗原肽NLV(pp65495-503)的HLA-A0201(A2-NLV)四聚体,探讨四聚体染色条件的优化及其在特异性CTL表型分析中的应用。方法:取HLA-A2 供者外周血,以A2-NLV四聚体/PE在不同条件下染色,然后以anti-CD3-FITC和anti-CD8-APC标记,流式细胞术分析染色结果,寻找四聚体最佳染色条件,并分析特异性CTL的表型和活化抗原表达。结果:以全血样进行四聚体染色结果优于分离的PBMC。A2-NLV四聚体用量为0.3μg时,与100μL全血于4℃温育1h,特异性染色效果最佳,而与CD8-T细胞非特异性结合很低。以此优化条件进行特异性CTL表型分析,结果显示CD28阳性的A2-NLV四聚体特异性CTL的百分率较非特异性CTL低,表达CD57的百分率较非特异性CTL高,CD25分子只表达于活化的特异性CTL上。结论:通过对染色条件进行优化可明显提高四聚体染色的特异性,降低非特异性结合,优化的四聚体染色法能用于抗原特异性CTL的表型和功能分析。     

Analysis of HLA-A24-restricted CMVpp65 peptide-specific CTL with HLA-A*2402-CMVpp65 tetramer

Developing precise and efficient methods of monitoring immune responses against cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompromised transplantation patients is important. With the aim of optimizing the monitoring strategy, an HLA-A24-CMVpp65 tetramer-based analysis of CMVpp65 peptide-specific CTL lines was performed. Previously, the HLA-A24-restricted CTL epitope of CMVpp65 matrix protein was identified (QYDPVAALF aa 341-349). In the present study, CMVpp65 (aa 341-349) peptide-specific CTL lines were obtained from PBLs of 12 HLA-A24+ healthy donors by two stimulations with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DC). Among 12 CTL lines, 9 showed HLA-A*2402-CMVpp65 tetramer staining, which was found to be strongly co-related to the amount of IFN-gamma produced by CMVpp65 peptide-restimulated CTL lines (r=0.943, P<0.001). These results suggested that HLA-A*2402-CMVpp65 tetramer staining was an efficient way to monitor immune responses against CMV infection in HLA-A24+ immunocompromised hosts.     

Functional differences between influenza A-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones expressing dominant and subdominant TCR.

We have shown that the dominance of CD8+ T cells expressing TCR Vbeta17 in the adult HLA-A*0201-restricted influenza A/M1(58-66)-specific response is acquired following first antigen exposure. Despite the acquired dominance of Vbeta17+ cells, subdominant M1(58-66)-specific clones expressing non-Vbeta17+ TCR persist in all individuals. To determine whether the affinity of the expressed TCR for the HLA-A*0201/M1(58-66) complex could influence functional properties, M1(58-66)-specific clones expressing subdominant (non-Vbeta17+) TCR were compared to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones expressing dominant (Vbeta17+) TCR. The Vbeta17+ CTL required up to 10,000-fold lower amounts of M1 peptide to mediate lysis compared to CTL clones expressing other Vbeta gene segments. All Vbeta17+ CTL clones tested bound HLA-A*0201/M1(58-66) tetramer, but two of three CTL clones expressing other TCR did not bind tetramer. The inability of non-Vbeta17+ CTL to bind tetramer did not correlate with phenotype, CD8 dependence or with cytokine production profiles. This suggests a limitation for the use of tetramers in examining subdominant T cell responses. Together these findings suggest that Vbeta17+ CTL which dominate the HLA-A*0201-restricted CTL response against influenza A are not functionally distinct from subdominant non-Vbeta17+ CTL. The dominance of Vbeta17+ CTL is likely to result from a competitive advantage due to superior CTL avidity for the HLA-A*0201/M1(58-66) complex.