����-��֫�Խ�ʽ��ֲ�����Ƹ����������ؼ�����̽��

目的 讨论腹主动脉瘤（AAA）腔内隔绝术（EVE）中主体－单肢对接式移植物的应用经验及术中问题的解决方法。方法 87例肾动脉水平下AAA的EVE中采用了主体－单肢对接式移植物，经股总动脉或髂动脉将输送器导入预定位置，释放移植物，在瘤腔内将移植物单肢与主体连接形式分叉型血流通道，将动脉瘤隔绝。结果 遇到的技术性问题主要有：输送器导入困难、SG释放困难、输送器退出困难、SG主体－单肢连接困难、定位不准确、植入后髂动脉内流出道不通畅、内漏等。经术中即时处理后，最终内漏率为5.75%。结论 内漏量可根据DSA时造影剂充盈瘤腔的速度来判断，最有效的处理是增加延伸移植物。而术前充分评估、充分准备各 器具、熟悉各种器具的特点及使用方法、做好出现技术性困难的应变措施是手术成功的保证。     

腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤

目的 探讨血管腔内隔绝术(EVE)成功的因素。方法6例患者行EVE治疗，5例用普通内支架置入术，1例应用肱股导丝牵张技术。结果6例EVE治疗过程顺利。6例近期疗效显著，无相关并发症发生。结论术前精确测量相关参数，选择大小及类型适当的支架及肱股导丝牵张技术是EVE成功的重要因素。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术中短支对接困难的处理

目的:探讨腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤术中短支对接困难的处理方法。方法:对本中心自1997年3月至2004年6月间施行的腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术进行回顾性研究。共有51例出现短支对接困难。其中,出现导丝进入主体短支产生困难的50例次,对侧单支导入主体短支产生困难的12例次。术中采用了多角度透视法、对侧导丝导引法、左肱动脉穿刺近端漂流法、导丝上下贯通法、球囊扩张法、超硬导丝回撤法和导丝牵张法。结果:多角度透视法应用于50例病人,对侧导丝导引法14例,左肱动脉穿刺近端漂流法10例,导丝上下贯通法3例,球囊扩张法2例,超硬导丝回撤法10例,导丝牵张法5例。51例病人均获成功对接,使分叉型移植物成功地隔绝了腹主动脉瘤。结论:短支对接是放置分叉型移植物手术操作过程中的难点,短支对接困难会造成手术的时间延长甚至失败。利用多种血管腔内技术可以解决这一问题。     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术中真腔进入困难的处理

目的探讨腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤术中真腔进入困难的处理方法。方法对1998年9月至2004年2月间施行的Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行回顾性研究。手术均在DSA监视下完成。其中28例出现导丝进入真腔困难,4例出现导丝误入假腔再入真腔。术中使用的进入真腔的方法有：导管沿途造影法,夹层裂口多角度造影法,左肱动脉穿刺近端漂流法,真腔导入动脉选择法,导丝上下贯通法。结果导管沿途造影法应用于32例患者,夹层裂口多角度造影法应用于12例患者,左肱动脉穿刺近端漂流法应用于10例患者,真腔导入动脉选择法应用于28例患者,导丝上下贯通法应用于2例患者。32例患者均成功导入真腔,支架型人造血管成功隔绝夹层裂口。结论导丝进入真腔困难及误入假腔,会导致手术失败及支架型人造血管误放假腔的灾难性后果。利用多种血管腔内技术可以解决这一问题。     

导丝间歇式后拽法在Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内治疗中的价值

目的探讨导丝间歇式后拽法在主动脉夹层腔内治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性总结对比187例主动脉夹层经腔内覆膜支架植入术中导丝引导输送器通过弯曲的主动脉弓时输送器单纯推送法和导丝间歇式后拽手法配合输送器推送法的效果。结果单纯推送组输送器于夹层隔膜刺出新裂口并中转手术1例,导致已植入的支架向近端移位2例,导致已植入的支架横向摆动或变形10例,输送器通过主动脉弓或支架内部受阻25例,无法进入预定部位而终止手术2例。导丝间歇式后拽 推送法仅1例支架无法进入预定部位,2例出现已植入的支架轻摆动,无其他受阻情况。结论导丝间歇式后拽法可帮助输送器顺利到达预定部位,明显提高手术成功率。     

胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内治疗中输送轨道建立的探讨

目的探讨腔内隔绝治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤(thoracic aortic dissection,TAD)术中建立覆膜支架输送轨道的方法。方法对2005年10月~2013年9月行胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)治疗的Stanford B型TAD 81例进行回顾性分析。手术均在数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)监视下完成,术中使用进入真腔建立输送轨道的方法有导管沿途造影法45例、增强器切线位造影法16例、左肱动脉和股动脉导管双向造影法12例、导丝漂流上下贯通法8例。结果 81例均成功进入真腔,覆膜支架成功隔绝夹层裂口。78例随访3~26个月,平均13.4月,无支架移位、血栓形成等并发症,2例出现Ⅱ型内漏。结论 TEVAR为确保导丝导管在真腔内,使支架准确放置真腔,可根据具体情况选择多种造影方法,建立有效的输送轨道。     

封堵器联合覆膜支架植入术治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤

胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤（thoracic aortic dissection，TAD）传统的手术疗法创伤大，并发症发生率高，近年有逐渐被腔内修复术（endovascular repair，EVR）取代的趋势。EVR经表浅动脉（常用股动脉）将覆膜支架（stent—graft，SG）以输送器送到内膜撕裂口处．封闭裂口，从而消除夹层破裂的危险，具有微创、操作简单、患者恢复快和手术风险小的优点。     

穿刺缝合技术在主动脉疾病腔内介入治疗中的应用

目的 探讨采用Perclose ProGlide血管缝合器经皮穿刺缝合技术在主动脉夹层及动脉瘤等主动脉疾病血管腔内介入治疗中的应用.方法 回顾性分析2011年4月至2012年6月采用血管缝合器辅助下主动脉疾病腔内介入治疗的23例患者(30处动脉入路)的资料,主动脉夹层11例,主动脉穿透性溃疡2例,胸主动脉真性动脉瘤2例,腹主动脉瘤6例,胸主动脉缩窄1例,腹主动脉狭窄1例.统计技术成功率及并发症.结果 技术操作成功率为93.3％ (28/30),失败2例中1例为股动脉并发重度狭窄(24Fr),1例并发出血(22Fr),行股动脉切开修补术.共应用缝合器55把,缝合27条股动脉,其支架输送器外径1例为24Fr,12例为22Fr,2例为20Fr,1例为18Fr,2例为16Fr,4例为14Fr,1例为10Fr,4例为6Fr,另3例为左颈动脉及左锁骨下动脉6Fr鞘.成功缝合的21例患者均获随访,随访时间2 ～13个月,平均随访(8±4)个月未见出血、血肿、假性动脉瘤、血栓形成、动脉严重狭窄等并发症.结论 经皮穿刺缝合技术缝合大直径支架输送器穿刺点是安全而有效的.缝合技术除用于股动脉入路外,还可用于主动脉弓上分支.     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术中主动脉内膜脱套中转开腹1例

患者男, 42岁, 因"突发背部及腹部疼痛不适9 h"入院。CTA示:B型主动脉夹层(图1)。1周后在全身麻醉下行胸主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术。沿左侧股动脉入路送入猪尾导管, 沿途逐段造影明确位于真腔, 将猪尾导管送至升主动脉(图2A), 交换8F长鞘至主动脉弓部。沿长鞘送入抓捕器捕获左侧肱动脉泥鳅导丝经左股动脉鞘管引出建立导丝轨道, 沿长鞘送入超硬导丝至升主动脉。沿左侧股动脉入路导入单内嵌分支覆膜支架(34-28-200 mm), 紧贴左颈总动脉远心端释放, 完全释放后回撤输送系统至支架下端。此时DSA透视下见支架逐渐向远端移动(图2B), 支架下端移位至第一腰椎水平后支架固定。左侧肱动脉入路引入导管造影示:支架内血流淤滞, 支架远端不显影, 考虑术中主动脉内膜脱套堆积于支架下端, 堵塞腹主动脉及内脏动脉(图2C)。与家属沟通后决定中转开腹, 采用腹部正中切口, 腹腔探查见肠管及肝脏颜色暗淡。将小肠推向右侧, 打开后腹膜, 显露腹主动脉, 离断左肾静脉, 游离肠系膜上动脉及双肾动脉, 分别套带控制。将肾动脉上方、下方腹主动脉套带控制, 阻断腹主动脉及双侧肾动脉后, 于腹主动脉前壁纵行切...     

主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后内漏的处理

腔内隔绝术（endovascular exclusion，EVE）最早用于治疗腹主动脉瘤，1994年Dake报道将其用于B型主动脉夹层（aortic dissection，AD）的治疗，国内自1998年开展。在EVE治疗AD的10余年历史中，内漏的预防和处理始终是一个备受关注的问题，现结合笔者的经验讨论AD术后内漏相关的问题。     

Use of the ascending aorta as bypass inflow for treatment of chronic intestinal ischemia

PURPOSE: Surgical revascularization of intestinal arteries is an effective long-term treatment for chronic intestinal ischemia (CII) regardless of the technique used. Conventional antegrade or retrograde bypass techniques are the most common modalities for extensive lesions that cannot be treated by endarterectomy or transposition. In this report, we describe our experience with an antegrade bypass technique from the ascending aorta in patients with no other available inflow. METHODS: From April 1990 to May 2004, we performed antegrade bypass from the ascending aorta to the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), or both in five patients. These cases accounted for 2.4% of the 211 patients who underwent surgery on intestinal arteries during the study period. Results: Four patients presented with symptomatic CII, and one patient had no intestinal ischemic symptoms. The underlying disease was Takayasu disease in two cases, Erdheim-Chester disease in one case, chronic aortic dissection in one case, and atherosclerosis in one case. Two patients had already undergone an unsuccessful revascularization attempt with another technique. Bypass was performed alone in three cases in association with revascularization of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and proximal descending thoracic aorta in one case and in association with revascularization of the ascending aorta and proximal aortic arch and renal autotransplantation in one case. Recovery was uneventful in all cases. One venous graft occluded because of technical defects and required reoperation for prosthetic graft replacement on the 10th postoperative day. Symptoms of CII resolved in all cases. Four months after the procedure, one patient underwent dilatation of an asymptomatic stenosis of the SMA distal to the bypass. During the 50th month after the procedure, a new re-stenosis of the SMA appeared. Left untreated, this stenosis led to asymptomatic occlusion of the mesenteric segment of a sequential aortoceliomesenteric bypass 13 months later. This aortoceliac bypass and the other four bypasses were patent after 4, 31, 46, 52, and 120 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Antegrade intestinal artery bypass from the ascending aorta is an effective alternative for patients who have no other available inflow for conventional antegrade or retrograde bypass and for patients in whom major technical difficulties are likely after multiple exposures of the thoracoabdominal aorta. Although indications are uncommon, antegrade intestinal artery bypass can provide durable revascularization of the intestine.     

The St Jude Medical symmetry aortic connector system for proximal vein graft anastomoses in coronary artery bypass grafting

OBJECTIVES: A new device designed to create proximal vein graft anastomoses to the aorta in coronary artery bypass grafting was recently developed by the St Jude Medical Anastomotic Technology Group (Minneapolis, Minn). This new anastomosis system consists of a nickel-titanium (nitinol) connector, an aortic cutter, and a delivery device. METHODS: The loading of the vein on the aortic connector and its delivery to the aorta are described. In 43 consecutive patients (mean age 68 +/- 10 years, age range 33-91 years), 65 proximal vein graft anastomoses were performed with the new system. Intraoperative flow rates were assessed for all grafts according to the transit time principle. RESULTS: All connector anastomoses were performed without the use of any aortic clamp. Times to complete these mechanical anastomoses were less than 10 seconds in all cases. Hemostasis was instantaneous in all cases, with only 3 system failures. These connectors were easily removed so that the anastomoses could be performed with standard suturing technique through the same aortotomy without complications. All vein grafts were patent at the end of the procedure, and there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications related to the device. CONCLUSIONS: The aortic connector system was easy to handle and allowed quick creation of reliable, reproducible, and uniform anastomoses. In addition, anastomoses could be done without any clamping of the aorta, which is especially attractive for off-pump procedures, because aortic manipulation and therefore the risks of embolism and aortic dissection would be further minimized. In on-pump cases this technique would facilitate the single-clamp technique, again minimizing aortic manipulation.     

腹主动脉瘤大小对腔内隔绝术及其疗效的影响

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤大小对腔内隔绝术及隔绝后治疗结果的影响.方法 回顾性分析1997年3月至2007年6月共429例腹主动脉瘤的临床资料,依腹主动脉瘤直径将患者分为＜55 mm组(A组,n=274)及≥55 mm组(B组,n=155).根据术前影像学资料研究两组动脉瘤大小、瘤颈长度、瘤颈直径、瘤颈扭曲程度及髂动脉是否受累等,并探讨动脉瘤大小对腔内隔绝术及治疗结果的影响.结果 A组平均年龄71.1岁,B组73.7岁(P＜0.05).B组有冠心病史者(36.1%)明显多于A组(18.6%)(P＜0.05),B组伴高血压病、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病者多于A组,但两组间差异无统计学意义.A组腹主动脉瘤平均直径为(46.6±6.8)mm,B组为(66.8±11.2)mm(P＜0.05);B组腹主动脉瘤较A组近端瘤颈短、瘤颈直径大、瘤颈扭曲、易累及髂动脉(P＜0.05);B组患者应用腹膜外径路、髂内动脉重建或髂内动脉栓塞等附加手术、术中牵张导丝均多于A组,术中发生内漏数及使用移植物个数均高于A组(P＜0.05).围手术期并发症发生率B组高于A组,病死率无明显差异.术后B组内漏率及二次干预率均高于A组.结论 腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤获得了较好的临床效果,而腹主动脉瘤的大小对腔内隔绝术存在一定影响,较小腹主动脉瘤无论在术中操作、围手术期并发症、术后随访等方面均优于较大腹主动脉瘤.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后臀部和结肠直肠缺血防治经验

目的：总结肾下型腹主动脉瘤（IAAA）行腔内隔绝术后，盆腔直肠缺血的防治经验。方法：1997年3月至2006年7月共对72例瘤体延及单侧及双侧髂动脉分叉的IAAA实施了腔内隔绝术，其中包括单侧髂动脉分叉受累者32例，双侧髂动脉分叉受累者40例。针对髂总动脉不同的病变情况，采取保留健侧髂内动脉、一侧髂内动脉重建、髂总动脉外绑扎等不同的处理方法。结果：即时操作成功71例（98．6％），手术结束时无Ⅰ型内漏存在。术后出现臀、股部疼痛5例（6．9％），便血3例（4．2％），未发生臀、股部和结、直肠坏死。结论：术中应尽可能保留一侧髂内动脉，避免同时封闭双侧髂内动脉，是避免臀部、直肠缺血坏死的关键。     

Brachial artery catheterization to facilitate endovascular grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysm: safety and rationale

PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is a technically demanding procedure that is based on the complexity and multiplicity of steps and the guidewire and catheter manipulations required. Brachial artery catheterization is an adjunctive technique that can facilitate the placement of an endoluminal prosthesis. METHODS: Brachial access was used during endoluminal AAA repair in 79 of 103 consecutive patients with a modular-design stent-graft prosthesis at two institutions. RESULTS: Left brachial access facilitated (1) angiography to guide juxtarenal device deployment, (2) antegrade contralateral limb access, (3) device delivery through disadvantaged iliac arteries by means of a brachial femoral wire, (4) access to renal arteries when necessary, and (5) catheter exchanges and a reduction in fluoroscopic positional changes. Complications included one puncture-site pseudoaneurysm, seven hematomas, and 29 patients with extensive ecchymosis. The length of stay was not prolonged in any case. There were no embolic, oculocerebral, or ischemic upper extremity events. CONCLUSIONS: Brachial artery catheterization, as an adjunctive technique to endoluminal AAA repair, offers noteworthy technical advantages with few, but self-limiting complications.     

Anatomical mismatch of the pulmonary autograft in the aortic root may be the cause of early aortic insufficiency after the Ross procedure

Objective: Early aortic insufficiency can be a problem after the Ross procedure. Anatomical mismatch and an inexact surgical technique may lead to distortion of the normal pulmonary valve geometry and subsequent incorrect leaflet coaptation and valve insufficiency. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of changing and improving the surgical technique to minimize the early pulmonary autograft valve failure. The modifications and the strategy are discussed. Methods: From January 1995 to February 1999, a total of 77 adults underwent the Ross procedure for aortic valve replacement at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The operative technique used was full free-standing aortic root replacement with a pulmonary autograft in all cases. In the first 24 cases, the diameter of the pulmonary roots was seldom measured, eye-balling was used to exclude anatomical mismatch due to a dilated aortic root, and only one attempt of correction was made, which failed. In the other 53 cases, the technique was improved by: (1) reducing the aortic anulus diameter in cases with moderate dilatation; (2) excluding cases with severe dilatation of the aortic annulus; (3) adjusting the diameter of the sinotubular junction of the aorta to the diameter of the sinotubular junction of the pulmonary artery; (4). reimplanting the left ostium in the autograft, and (5) changing the proximal anastomosis technique. Results: In this study, we had an early aortic incompetence of grade 2 in eight patients among the first 24 patients. In the other 53 patients, postoperative echocardiography at 1 week revealed aortic insufficiency of grade 2 in two patients. Conclusions: Aortic insufficiency after the Ross procedure can be minimized by patient selection, intraoperative correction of anatomical mismatch and improved surgical technique.     

晚期妊娠和产褥期主动脉夹层的腔内修复治疗

目的：探讨腔内修复术治疗晚期妊娠和产褥期主动脉夹层的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析4例妊娠相关性B型主动脉夹层行腔内带膜支架修复术患者临床资料。在4例患者中，2例夹层发生于37孕周，1例发生于产后2 h，1例发生于产褥期；3例患马凡综合征（MFS），1例病因不明。患者均接受胸主动脉带膜支架腔内植入术，辅助技术包括主动脉狭窄段球囊扩张，左颈总动脉烟囱支架植入术。产妇及新生儿均进行临床观察随访，术后1，3，6个月分别对产妇进行CT血管造影监测。结果：围产期及随访时间无产妇及胎儿死亡，1例胎儿经阴道娩出，3例胎儿剖宫产娩出。4例患者主动脉支架均成功植入，初始破口完整覆盖，3例患者覆盖左锁骨下动脉，无I型内漏及支架移位。1例患者初始破口位于左锁骨下动脉开口处，锚定区向主动脉弓部拓展，同期植入左颈总动脉烟囱支架，术后出现II型内漏，随访11个月内漏自行消失。平均随访时间17.5个月，产后新生儿均存活良好，1例出现新生儿黄疸，产后12 d消失。结论：腔内带膜支架治疗晚期妊娠及产褥期B型主动脉夹层早-中期疗效肯定，手术时机与适应证需要根据孕产期临床状况综合判断。