弹性髓内钉联合下胫腓螺钉在微创内固定治疗踝关节C型骨折中的疗效观察

目的探讨弹性髓内钉联合下胫腓螺钉微创内固定治疗踝关节C型骨折的疗效。方法笔者自2011-06—2015-10采用弹性髓内钉联合下胫腓螺钉微创内固定治疗18例(18踝)踝关节C型骨折。结果所有患者获得随访13~19个月,平均15.8个月。术后腓骨无短缩,下胫腓联合解剖关系恢复良好。所有骨折均愈合,下胫腓螺钉无断钉,下胫腓联合无再分离现象。末次随访疗效根据Baird-Jackson踝关节评分系统评定术后疗效:优14例,良3例,可1例。结论弹性髓内钉联合下胫腓螺钉可以应用于踝关节C型骨折的微创治疗,在腓骨置入弹性髓内钉后不影响下胫腓螺钉的置入,而且能有效恢复腓骨及下胫腓联合的稳定性,固定可靠,创伤小,可满足早期功能锻炼的需求,手术疗效满意。     

下胫腓联合固定专用导向器的设计与应用

[目的]介绍一种自主研发的下胫腓联合导向器及其临床应用手术技术和初步结果。[方法]设计并制作出下胫腓联合固定用导向装置。2017年1月～2018年12月,对30例下胫腓联合分离患者利用下胫腓联合固定用导向装置进行下胫腓联合闭合复位空心拉力螺钉固定。外踝定位处切开皮肤约2 cm,将导向器的螺旋套筒末端卡入外踝定位水平处,固定手柄的另一端卡入小腿内侧胫骨表面,保持踝关节背伸5°～10°,拧动转动轮,使得螺旋套筒接近腓骨骨面,从而形成腓骨与胫骨之间的加压力。打入导针,置入空心螺钉固定下胫腓联合。[结果]所有手术均顺利完成,无严重并发症。随访(16.07±3.24)个月,随时间推移,患者的AOFAS评分和和踝ROM显著改善(P0.05)。[结论]此下胫腓联合固定用导向器为专用工具,便于下胫腓损伤的闭合复位与内固定。     

胫腓下联合分离伴踝部骨折的治疗

目的探讨踝关节损伤时胫腓下联合分离的机制及胫腓下联合固定的利弊.方法伴胫腓下联合分离的踝关节损伤共31 例,其中19 例未行胫腓下联合分离固定,10 例用螺针固定胫腓下联合,2 例用下胫腓钩固定.内踝骨折以螺钉或张力带钢丝固定.外踝以螺钉或钢板固定,后踝用松质骨螺钉加压固定.结果胫腓下联合固定患者中2 例松动,2 例术后1～2 a取出固定螺钉,其余10 例均6～12周取出胫腓下联合固定螺钉.未发生胫腓下联合螺钉断裂.内外踝及后踝骨折内固定于6～29个月取出.未行胫腓下联合分离固定的病例均未出现胫腓下联合分离.结论胫腓下联合的稳定性不仅仅取决于胫腓下联合本身,胫腓下联合韧带损伤时,只有同时伴有踝关节内侧骨韧带复合体损伤,才会出现临床上的胫腓下联合分离,因此踝关节骨折脱位时,只要内外踝或后踝解剖复位,固定牢固,胫腓下联合分离即可自动复位,一般不必做胫腓下联合的固定.     

2种内固定方式治疗下胫腓联合损伤的临床对照研究

目的比较采用下胫腓联合弹性钩钢板及4.0 mm AO皮质钉内固定治疗下胫腓联合损伤的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-09—2012-12采用下胫腓联合弹性钩钢板（弹性钩钢板组,32例）及4.0 mm AO皮质钉（AO皮质钉组,43例）内固定治疗的下胫腓联合损伤75例。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及末次随访时AOFAS评分。结果75例均获得随访6~14个月,平均8.3个月。弹性钩钢板组未出现断钉及下胫腓联合再次分离;AO皮质钉组3例在术后10~12周发现螺钉断裂,1例下胫腓联合再次分离。2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;末次随访时弹性钩钢板组AOFAS评分优良率高于AO皮质钉组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对于下胫腓联合损伤,采用下胫腓联合弹性钩钢板内固定疗效明显优于4.0 mm AO皮质钉内固定。     

踝关节镜在下胫腓联合损伤评估和治疗中的应用

目的探讨踝关节镜在下胫腓联合损伤评估和治疗中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析自2015-06—2017-09诊治的25例Weber B、C型踝关节骨折,骨折复位后分别采用踝关节镜、术中足外展外旋应力透视和Cotton试验对下胫腓联合稳定性进行评估,关节镜确诊下胫腓联合不稳定者采用螺钉固定。结果术中外展外旋应力位X线片发现10例(40.0%)下胫腓联合不稳定,Cotton试验发现11例(44.0%)下胫腓联合不稳定,关节镜下发现19例(76.0%)下胫腓联合不稳定,关节镜辅助评估下胫腓联合稳定程度的准确率最高。25例术后均获得3~16个月随访,随访期间无断钉、踝关节不稳定、踝关节屈伸活动受限等并发症发生。末次随访时踝关节功能AOFAS评分:优10例,良13例,可1例,差1例。结论采用踝关节镜对下胫腓联合损伤进行评估和治疗有其独特优势,可以准确判断下胫腓联合稳定程度并更加有效地固定,有利于踝关节功能恢复,减少并发症发生。     

踝关节骨折脱位中下胫腓联合分离的诊断与治疗

目的探讨治疗伴有下胫腓联合分离的踝关节骨折的手术方法及临床效果。方法回顾性分析2000年1月～2004年6月手术治疗的伴有下胫腓联合分离的踝关节骨折患者18例。患者外踝均采用钢板固定;内踝:11例采用松质骨螺钉固定,6例采用三叶草钢板固定,1例采用克氏针固定;下胫腓联合均采用单枚螺钉经或不经钢板孔固定。结果18例患者获8～25个月随访。所有患者均未发生深部感染、断钉等情况,3例患者在拔钉后下胫腓联合再次出现分离,1例Pilon骨折患者术后早期即发生创伤性关节炎。根据患者主观感觉、功能检查和X线检查评定疗效:本组优9例,良6例,可2例,差1例,优良率为83.3%。结论术前全面评估、正确的手术方法及技术、精确的解剖复位固定是提高踝关节骨折疗效的关键。     

胫腓下联合分离伴踝部骨折的治疗

目的：探讨踝关节损伤时胫腓下联合分离的机制及胫腓下联合固定的利弊。方法：伴胫腓下联合分离的踝天节损伤共31例,其中19例未行胫腓下联合分离固定,10例用螺钉困定胫腓下联合,2例用下胫腓钩固定。内踝骨折以螺钉或张力带钢丝固定。外踝以螺钉或钢板固定,后踝用松质骨螺钉加压固定。结果：胫腓下联合固定患者中2例松动,2例术后1～2年取出固定螺钉,其余10例均6～12周取出胫腓下联合固定螺钉。未发生胫腓下联合螺钉断裂。内外踝及后踝骨折内固定于6～29个月取出。未行胫腓下联合分离固定的病例均未出现胫腓下联合分离。结论：胫腓下联合的稳定性不仅仅取决于胫腓下联合本身,胫腓下联合韧带损伤时,只有同时伴有踝关节内侧骨韧带复合体损伤,才会出现临床上的胫腓下联合分离,因此踝关节骨折脱位时,只要内外踝或后踝解剖复位,固定,牢固,胫腓下联合分离即可自动复位,一般不必做胫腓下联合的固定。     

合并下胫腓联合分离踝关节骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨合并下胫腓联合分离踝关节骨折的损伤机制、手术方法和治疗效果。方法回顾分析自2008-05—2014-05收治踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离24例,均采用切开复位内固定,下胫腓联合用1或2枚直径3.5~4.5 mm的皮质骨螺钉固定,术后10~12周取出下胫腓螺钉。结果术后平均随访18个月(12~24个月),骨折均愈合,无下胫腓联合再分离。疗效根据AOFAS评分:优17例,良4例,可3例,优良率为87.5%。结论恢复下胫腓联合的解剖复位,有效固定下胫腓联合处韧带损伤,积极的术后康复是治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离的关键。     

踝关节骨折脱位合并下胫腓联合分离的治疗

目的观察手术治疗踝关节骨折脱位合并下胫腓联合分离的疗效。方法对本组32例踝关节骨折脱位并下胫腓联合分离患者,内、外踝采用张力带钢丝、单纯螺钉及钢板螺钉内固定,术中发现下胫腓联合不稳定者,于踝关节上方2~3cm处用1枚3.5~4.5mm长皮质骨螺钉固定,并于术后6~8周后去除。术后石膏托固定2周后使用CPM进行踝关节锻炼。结果本组32例均获得随访,时间6个月~3年,平均1.75年;依据术后踝关节功能恢复情况、症状和X线评定:优17例,良11例,可3例,差1例,优良率87.5%。结论对踝关节骨折脱位合并下胫腓联合分离患者,下胫腓联合应进行螺钉固定,为避免术后螺钉折断,应于术后6~8周后取出,术中应修补断裂的肌腱韧带,并应强调腓骨的坚强内固定。     

下胫腓联合分离固定螺钉断裂的治疗

我科自1998年1月-2002年12月治疗涉及下胫腓联合分离的踝关节损伤93例，均行切开复位内固定，包括横向螺钉固定下胫腓联合，随访52例，其中有5例出现下胫腓联合横向螺钉断裂，均于骨折愈合后手术取出。     

经外踝钢板双螺钉交接棒技术内固定治疗下胫腓联合损伤

目的探讨经外踝钢板双螺钉交接棒技术内固定治疗下胫腓联合损伤的临床效果。方法自2009-01—2012-06对33例下胫腓损伤采用经外踝钢板双螺钉交接棒技术内固定治疗。疗效采用美国足踝外科协会踝与后足功能评分（AOFAS）评定。结果 33例术后均获得平均23.6（12~38）个月随访。术后摄X线片检查示平均13（9~15）周骨折愈合。2例开放性损伤患者伤口均一期缝合,无感染发生。随访过程中未出现内固定断裂及复位丢失,无骨不连、畸形愈合及踝关节不稳。末次随访时采用AOFAS踝与后足功能评分评定疗效：平均84.7（43~95）分;优12例,良18例,可2例,差1例,优良率90.9%。结论经外踝钢板双螺钉交接棒技术可以结合2种螺钉的固定优势,具有创伤小、操作简便、固定可靠有效的优点,是治疗下胫腓联合损伤的较好方法。     

下胫腓联合螺钉治疗下胫腓韧带联合损伤的临床观察

目的：探讨踝关节周围骨折合并下胫腓韧带联合损伤的手术方法。方法：对2005年9月至2007年12月用下胫腓联合螺钉固定治疗的20例（21踝）下胫腓韧带联合损伤患者进行回顾性研究,其中男11例（12踝）,女9例（9踝）;年龄27～52岁,平均36岁。所有患者结合病史、查体及影像学检查进行诊断,按照Lauge-Hansen分型进行手术治疗。X线测量：①胫骨前结节与腓骨的重叠阴影;②下胫腓联合间隙;③内踝关节面与距骨关节面的间隙。临床疗效采用改良Baird-Jackson评分标准进行评价。结果：20例（21踝）均获得随访,时间1～2.2年,平均1.3年。术前正侧位下胫腓联合重叠影为（0.46±3.56）mm,下胫腓联合间隙为（5.69±0.88）mm,胫距关节内间隙为（5.67±1.23）mm,踝穴位下胫腓联合重叠影为（-0.87±0.96）mm;术后下胫腓联合重叠影为（7.14±0.62）mm,下胫腓联合间隙为（3.28±0.39）mm,胫距关节内间隙为（3.12±0.33）mm,踝穴位下胫腓联合重叠影为（2.91±0.30）mm,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。术后CT复查显示：下胫腓联合仍存在一定程度分离的有4例,均为轻度。术后Baird-Jackson评分为（86.24±13.26）分（62～98分）,在各项评定内容中,13踝（61.90%）获得无痛踝关节,16踝（76.19%）无踝关节不稳征象,11踝（52.38%）恢复正常行走能力,8踝（38.10%）恢复正常奔跑能力,11踝（52.38%）恢复正常的工作能力。踝关节背伸活动度（21.05±5.00）°,跖屈活动度（33.57±5.76）°,内翻活动度（19.48±4.57）°,外翻活动度（24.05±4.86）°。踝关节发生创伤性骨性关节炎表现的患者3例,无一例发生断钉;临床疗效优12踝,良2踝,可4踝,差3踝。结论：下胫腓联合3层皮质螺钉固定是治疗下胫腓韧带联合损伤的有效方法之一,精细的手术操作技术和下胫腓联合解剖关系的恢复是患者获得良好踝关节功能的重要因素,术后常规?     

Injuries to the tibiofibular syndesmosis

The management of injury to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis remains controversial in the treatment of ankle fractures. Operative fixation usually involves the insertion of a metallic diastasis screw. There are a variety of options for the position and characterisation of the screw, the type of cortical fixation, and whether the screw should be removed prior to weight-bearing. This paper reviews the relevant anatomy, the clinical and radiological diagnosis and the mechanism of trauma and alternative methods of treatment for injuries to the syndesmosis.     

Operative treatment for separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

Objective: To study the influence of separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis on ankle joint and to compare various operative methods so as to find suitable stabilization for separated distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. Methods: From July 1997 to July 2002, we treated 87 patients (64 males and 23 females, aged 18-54 years) with separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, among whom, 79 were combined with fracture of malleolus. Manipulative reduction, internal fixation with cancellous screws and external fixation with plaster support were performed on 37 patients, fixation with plate and screws for fibular fracture and fixation with cancellous screws for distal tibiofibular syndesmosis on 34 patients, and repair of the distal tibiofibular ligaments with tendon of peroneus longus, reduction of the separated distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, and fixation with cancellous screws on 16 patients. The ankle joint had been dorsiflexed for 30°when the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis was fixed with cancellous screws. And the cancellous screws were taken out at 8-10 weeks after operation. Results: These patients were followed up for at least two years. The curative effects were assessed according to the complaints of the patients and the contour, function and radiogram of the ankle joint: excellent in 55 patients (63%), good in 18 patients (21%) , and fair in 14 patients (16%). Separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis recurred in 2 patients, who underwent a reoperation for repairing the distal tibiofibular ligaments with tendon of peroneus longus and recovered. One cancellous screw was broken off. No necrosis developed in the anterior skin of the ankle mortise. Conclusions:Separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis can be treated with various reasonable operations. Repair with tendon of the peroneus longus can get excellent outcomes for complete separation of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.     

Tibiofibular diastasis without ankle fracture: a review and report of two cases.

Diastasis of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis is commonly seen with ankle fractures, but is a rare finding in the absence of fracture. The anatomy, biomechanics, mechanism of injury, evaluation, and radiographic assessment of the tibiofibular syndesmosis are reviewed. The authors present a review and two cases of traumatic ankle diastasis without ankle fracture.     

X线投射角度对踝关节影像学评估的影响

背景：临床手术中通常用X线来确认踝关节骨折治疗时的解剖复位。但由于踝关节的各参数存在个体差异,因此,摄片时足的旋转角度无法准确控制。目前,对于投射角度对踝关节评估的研究较少。目的：本研究通过不同旋转角度对踝关节进行透视,评估相关参数对下胫腓联合及三角韧带损伤诊断的可靠性。方法：取8具新鲜下肢尸体标本,分别在正常情况以及建立腓骨短缩和（或）三角韧带损伤模型后,“C”型臂X线机以5＆#176;为间隔,从-30＆#176;至30＆#176;逐一测量内踝间隙、胫距上间隙、胫腓间隙及胫腓重叠的距离。结果：正常情况下,内踝间隙平均为（2.58±0.59）mm,胫距上间隙为（2.89±0.56）mm,胫腓间隙为（3.03±0.72）mm,胫腓重叠为（4.25±3.14）mm。建立腓骨短缩和（或）三角韧带损伤模型后,内踝间隙及胫腓间隙变大,而胫距上间隙及胫腓重叠变小。所有参数值均随X线投射角度的改变而发生相应变化。结论：胫腓间隙受透照角度的影响较小,是判断下胫腓联合损伤较为可靠的影像学参数。内踝间隙始终小于胫距上间隙,一旦内踝间隙超过胫距上间隙,则应怀疑三角韧带损伤,或存在外踝短缩畸形的可能。胫腓重叠不会出现负值,如果出现负值,意味着下胫腓联合存在损伤。     

Screw versus staple in stabilization of diastasis of tibiofibular syndesmosis

The aim of this study is to compare the syndesmotic screw versus the staple in stabilization of the syndesmotic diastasis in unstable ankle fractures.Seventy-six patients with unstable ankle fractures (grades 3 or 4 Lauge-Hansen) and diastasis of the inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis underwent surgical treatment aiming for anatomical reduction and stable fixation. The syndesmotic diastasis was stabilized by one of two methods; in the first group (38 patients) it was stabilized with a screw; in the second group the syndesmosis was stabilized with a steel staple. The mean follow up period was 34.8 months and the mean age was 35.1 years. No recurrence of diastasis was detected in either group, chronic pain in the region of the syndesmosis was elicited in 65% of the first group compared with 5% in the second. Heterotrophic ossification was found in the region of the syndesmosis in 50% of the first group and in 5% of the second. Tibiofibular synostosis occurred at the site of the screw in one case in the first group. A broken screw complicated the first group in one case and a broken staple in the second group. The staple does not interfere with the kinematics of the ankle, it allows early mobilization and weight bearing and minimizes the possibility of heterotrophic ossification which causes chronic pain in the region of the syndesmosis. It is therefore considered as the superior alternative in stabilization of the syndesmotic diastasis.     

Treatment of syndesmotic disruptions with the Arthrex Tightrope: a report of 25 cases

BACKGROUND: The complexity of syndesmotic injuries, often with both bone and soft tissue injury mandates an expeditious diagnosis and treatment to avoid unfavorable long term outcomes. Various methods of fixation of the syndesmosis have been reported. We present the largest series evaluating the Arthrex Tightrope for management of syndesmotic injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with disruption of the distal tibiofibular articulation underwent treatment with an Arthrex Tightrope. In 21 cases, a single tightrope was placed, and in four cases, two tightropes were utilized. Associated ankle fractures were treated using proper AO technique. Those patients with diabetes and/or neuroarthropathic changes foot or ankle were not included in this study. Postoperative evaluation parameters included radiographic measurements, a modified AOFAS scoring system and SF-12. RESULTS: Average followup was 10.8 months. The mean time to full weightbearing was 5.5 (range, 2 to 8) weeks. Postoperative radiographic analysis of the mean distance from the tibial plafond to the placement of the tightrope(s), medial clear space, average postoperative tibiofibular overlap and the mean tibiofibular clear space demonstrated no evidence of re-displacement of the syndesmotic complex at an average of 10.8 (range, 6 to 12) months. The modified AOFAS hindfoot scoring scale and SF-12 both demonstrated significant improvements; preoperative values were assessed in the office with the first patient visit as they are incorporated into the patient intake form that each patient fills out at the initial visit. CONCLUSION: Utilization of the tightrope in diastasis of the syndesmosis should be considered as a good option. The method of placement is quick, can be minimally invasive, and obviates the need for hardware removal. In this series, it maintained excellent reduction of the syndesmosis.     

Does position of syndesmotic screw affect functional and radiological outcome in ankle fractures?

The optimum level of syndesmotic screw used in ankle fractures with a tibiofibular diastasis is not clear in the literature. In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes in two groups of patients-those who had a syndesmotic screw placed through the syndesmosis itself (transsyndesmotic, 17 patients) and those who had a syndesmotic screw placed just above the syndesmosis (suprasyndesmotic, 19 patients). The study suggests that the two groups do not differ significantly in terms of clinical and radiological outcomes.