内源性大麻素系统与骨代谢

内源性大麻素系统是包括了内源性大麻素、大麻素受体(CB)以及相关酶的一个复杂的生理系统。近年来内源性大麻素系统与骨代谢的关系被一步步证实。大量研究发现CB-1受体及CB-2受体存在于骨细胞中，并在骨代谢的过程中起到不同的作用。其余受体包括TPRV1、GPR55、GPR119、TPRV4等，亦参与了骨代谢的过程。以anandamide和2-arachidonoylglycerol为代表的内源性大麻素以及其激动剂和拮抗剂可以通过大麻素受体的介导影响成骨细胞与破骨细胞的增殖分化及骨重塑。可见内源性大麻素系统可作为骨再生治疗的新靶点，然而目前尚无足够数量的相关临床数据，因此大麻素与骨代谢的关系值得进一步研究。     

骨保护素及其配体在口腔领域的研究进展

骨保护素及其配体在骨代谢中起着重要的作用,该文主要阐述骨保护素(OPG)及其配体以及骨保护素配体的受体(RANK),讨论三者在牙槽骨骨改建的分子机制。     

SIRT6在骨代谢中的作用研究进展

Sirtuin6(SIRT6)属于Sirtuin家族,具有去乙酰化酶和ADP-核糖基转移酶活性,在骨代谢、基因稳定、葡萄糖代谢、脂质代谢、炎性介质调控、肿瘤发生中发挥关键作用.本综述主要总结了SIRT6在骨代谢中的作用及其相关的分子信号通路.     

护骨素、破骨细胞分化因子系统与牙槽骨改建

护骨素、破骨细胞分化因子系统直接参与骨代谢的调节,在牙槽骨改建过程中起重要作用.破骨细胞分化因子通过与RANK结合诱导破骨细胞前体细胞向破骨细胞分化、增殖,从而加速骨吸收.护骨素则通过竞争性与破骨细胞分化因子结合抑制RANK的作用.对护骨素-破骨细胞分化因子-RANK环路的进一步研究有利于阐明牙槽骨改建的分子机制,为进一步探索与牙槽骨改建有关的疾病防治提供有益思路.     

降钙素基因相关肽对兔成骨细胞OPG/RANKL mRNA表达的影响

目的：探讨外源性降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)对成骨细胞核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)及其饵受体骨保护素(OPG)基因表达的影响，了解CGRP在破骨细胞性骨吸收调节中的作用机制。方法：将体外培养的兔成骨细胞用不同浓度的CGRP处理24h，通过半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)来观察成骨细胞两种目的基因(OPG，RANKL)的mRNA表达强度变化。结果：CGRP呈剂量依赖性的刺激成骨细胞OPG mRNA表达，同时亦下调RANKL mRNA表达。结论：CGRP通过调节成骨细胞OPG／RANKL的比值可间接地调节破骨细胞活性，从而影响骨代谢。     

降钙素基因相关肽在骨组织再生中的作用及机制

骨量不足是目前口腔种植修复中经常面临的问题,常用的骨组织再生办法有很多,如自体骨移植、生物骨粉及富血小板纤维膜的利用等,但临床效果都不是很显著.骨是一种由破骨和成骨细胞介导的处于动态代谢更新状态的组织,骨代谢受各种全身因素的影响,降钙素基冈相关肽(CGRP)是一种在人体广泛分布的神经肽,多项研究表明其在骨代谢中具有重要作用,特别是在成骨方面.其具体成骨作用及机制尚未完全清楚,一直在探讨之中,本文对此作一综述.     

GDF15对成血管和成骨/破骨作用的影响及机制的研究进展

生长分化因子15作为转化生长因子-β超家族中的一员,在人体组织中广泛表达。GDF15可被多种因素(比如缺氧、炎症、射线、急性损伤或癌变)诱导表达,通过SMAD通路和非SMAD通路发挥作用。最新的研究表明,在不同微环境下,GDF15对于血管生成,骨代谢具有不同的调节作用。本文就GDF15在不同生物背景下对成骨/成血管作用的影响及其相关信号通路作一综述。     

口腔颌面外科术后呼吸机相关性肺炎患者血清铁调素和铁蛋白临床分析

目的 研究口腔颌面外科术后呼吸机相关性肺炎（ventilator-associated pneumonia,VAP）患者血清铁调素和铁蛋白的含量及临床意义。方法 选择2017年1月—2019年12月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院收治的口腔颌面外科手术后行呼吸机治疗的患者196例,依据是否发生呼吸机相关肺炎分为VAP组（n=100）和非VAP组（n=96）。根据急性生理与慢性健康Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ) 评分,将VAP患者分为低危、中危和高危组。检测所有入组患者血清PCT、铁调素和铁蛋白水平。采用SPSS 23.0软件包进行统计学分析,t检验或χ²检验比较2组患者的临床和血清学指标,Spearman相关分析评价上述指标与VAP患者疾病严重程度的关系。结果 VAP组患者住院时间和机械通气时间均显著高于非VAP 组(P<0.05);VAP组患者PCT水平及APACHEⅡ评分分别为(2.13±0.95)ng/mL、(23.68±6.70)分, 显著高于非VAP组的(0.87±0.46)ng/mL、(17.22±5.19)分 (P<0.05)。VAP组患者血清铁蛋白、铁调素和铁蛋白/铁调素比值分别为（217.79±62.38）ng/mL、(57.62±9.60)ng/mL和3.79±0.93,显著高于非VAP组患者的（181.55±54.02）ng/mL,（50.58±8.52）ng/mL和3.11±0.86(P<0.05)。低危组、中危组和高危组VAP患者血清铁蛋白、铁调素水平和铁蛋白/铁调素比值逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。VAP 病情严重程度与血清PCT、铁调素、铁蛋白及铁蛋白/铁调素比值呈正相关(r 值分别为 0.772、0.811、0.873、0.898,P均<0.05) 。结论 血清铁调素、铁蛋白及铁蛋白/铁调素在口腔颌面外科术后VAP 患者中显著升高,可用于评估口腔颌面外科VAP患者病情严重程度。     

叉头转录因子-1与骨代谢关系的研究进展

叉头转录因子-1（FoxO1）可调控细胞增殖、葡萄糖异生、能量代谢和氧化应激等生物学过程,近年来研究表明,其在骨重塑过程中也发挥着重要的作用,影响机体骨量。其主要通过调控成骨细胞形成新骨,破骨细胞吸收矿化骨基质和前体细胞的分化增殖,影响骨代谢过程,调控机体骨量。本文通过对FoxO1在骨代谢中的研究进行回顾,对其在骨代谢中的作用途径和机制进行综述。     

白细胞介素-1与根尖周炎骨吸收

细胞因子是一类由免疫活性细胞及其相关细胞产生的调节细胞功能的高活性低分子蛋白质。大量研究表明 ,局部炎性细胞因子 ,如白细胞介素 - 1(ＩＬ - 1)、肿瘤坏死因子(ＴＮＦ)、白细胞介素 - 6 (ＩＬ - 6 )等参与了骨吸收的病理过程[1] 。其中ＩＬ - 1与根尖周炎及骨吸收的关系十分密切 ,并在其发病机理中起重要作用[2 ] 。ＩＬ - 1是一个多肽家族 ,包括ＩＬ - 1α、ＩＬ - 1β和ＩＬ - 1受体拮抗剂 (ＩＬ - 1ｒａ)。ＩＬ - 1α、ＩＬ - 1β是由不同基因编码的多肽分子 ,识别结合相同的受体并具有基本相同的生物学活性 ,二者在等电点、分子量…     

Variation in periodontal referral in 2 regions in theUK

This study investigated the periodontal referral patterns of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Northern Ireland (NI) and North West England (NWE). A questionnaire dealing with periodontal referral was sent to all 520 GDPs registered in NI and to 274 GDPs in NWE. A usable return was made by 355 (68%) in NI and 189 (70%) in NWE. The NI dentists made significantly more periodontal referrals (median 5, range 0-80) in the year preceding the survey than those in NWE (median 2, range 0-50), p<0.001. Distance was the only factor significantly related to the referral rate in both regions with those who practised more than 25 miles from a specialist referring significantly fewer patients in both regions. In NI, there was a trend towards increased periodontal referral by GDPs who had attended more postgraduate courses; however, in NWE, this was not the case. The GDPs in NWE were significantly less likely than those in NI to refer patients with medical conditions. It is concluded that there is considerable variation in periodontal referral both within and between the 2 regions studied. It is further concluded that in many cases, non-disease factors, such as the accessibility of the specialist service, have powerful effects on the decisions made by dentists and patients in these regions (NI and NWE) in relation to periodontal referral. Much of the variance in referral in North West England, as in Northern Ireland, remains unexplained.     

Changes in cyclooxygenase metabolities in experimental periodontitis in Macaca mulatta

The four principal metabolites of cyclooxygenase (CO) were examined during the progression of experimental periodontitis in the rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta. Thirty-two monkeys were divided in four disease-matched groups. Three groups were treated with flurbiprofen, a potent CO inhibitor, at either 0.027, 0.27 or 7.1 mg/kg/day delivered systemically by a subcutaneously-implanted osmotic mini-pump. We have previously described the findings indicating that flurbiprofen treatment significantly retarded clinical attachment loss (ALOSS), redness and radiographic bone loss (BLOSS). This investigation focuses on the changes in CO metabolites which occur during disease progression of ligature-induced periodontitis and on the dose-response relationship of flurbiprofen, as it relates to disease inhibition and the suppression of ARA metabolites within the crevicular fluid (CF). In untreated animals there was a statistically significant 3-fold increase in CF levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) at 3 months, as compared to baseline, which positively correlated with increases in redness, bleeding, ALOSS and BLOSS. CF-PGE2 and TxB2 levels reached a 6-fold peak at 6 months and returned to baseline by 12 months. Flurbiprofen (Fb) prevented the 3-month rise in TxB2, but did not affect the increase in PGE2. At 6 months, Fb administration caused a dose-dependent inhibition of both PGE2 and TxB2. Probit analysis of the dose-response data revealed that the concentration of Fb which caused a 50% inhibition of CF-TxB2 level (the IC50 value for TxB2 synthesis) was approximately two logs lower than the IC50 value for PGE2 synthesis, i.e. TxA2-IC50 = 0.013 vs. PGE2-IC50 = 1.35 mg flurbiprofen/kg/d. The slopes of the PGE2 and TxB2 inhibition curves were identical, consistent with a similar mechanism or singular enzyme for the site of action of Fb inhibition of CO activity. However, the kinetics and sensitivity of Fb inhibition were significantly different for the CO activity responsible for TxB2 and PGE2 synthesis, perhaps due to different compartmentalization of CO within different cell types.     

云南省五岁儿童乳牙龋病调查分析

目的：了解云南省５岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病情况。方法：随机抽取云南省三个城市三个农村的２１３２名５岁常住儿童,采用第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准调查龋齿患病情况。结果：云南省５岁儿童乳牙患龋率为７５．７５％,龋均为４．４４,充填率仅为６．５７％,仅占构成比的４．３９％。结论：云南省５岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病率高,充填率低。儿童龋病防治应注重两个方面：１．加强对家长和教师的幼儿口腔卫生保健知识及方法的宣传。     

Mast cells in masseter muscle in experimental bruxism in man

Three human subjects performed tooth grinding for 25 min, and after 20 h biopsies of the right and left masseter muscles were examined for their contents of mast cells. In comparison with specimens from a control group of three subjects, there was an increase of degranulating mast cells in muscles that had performed bruxism.     

Age-related changes in anthropometric measurements in the craniofacial regions and in height in Down's syndrome

This cross-sectional study analyzed age-related changes in normal and abnormal measurements of the head and face in three age categories in 115 Down's syndrome patients 1 to 36 years old. The frequency of normal measurements significantly surpassed that of abnormal ones in each category. Clinically, the key task was to ascertain differences between the youngest and oldest patients. In age group 1 (1 to 5 years), normal measurements in three of the six craniofacial regions were significantly more frequent than abnormal ones. In age group 2 (6 to 15 years) the percentage of normal measurements significantly increased, influenced by higher growth rates in the period of maturation, which coincided with this category. In age group 3 (16 to 36 years) the percentage of normal measurements significantly increased in the head and ear but decreased in the other regions, significantly in the orbits. The frequency of both optimal and severely abnormal measurements changed significantly from age group 1 to 3 in only five measurements each, with no consistency in the direction of results. Abnormal measurements qualified as stigmata and were recorded in 40% (10 of 25) in five regions: three in the face; two in each of the head, orbits, and ears; and one in the nose. Marked epicanthi covering the endocanthion decreased from 35.0% in age group 1 to 8.7% in group 3. In age group 1, the frequency of normal body height (20.7%) in both sexes was significantly less than subnormal (70.3%) but significantly decreased in age group 2. Mean height in group 3 was enough to rule out short stature as a stigmata of Down's syndrome. The study was limited by small numbers, particularly in the variations of normal and abnormal, but the trend toward normality after maturation suggests that reconstructive surgery should be delayed until this time.     

Experience in using moradol in osteoplastic operations in oral surgery

Osteoplastic operations on the jaws were carried out in 19 patients aged 14-64 under moradol anesthesia. The mean length of the operation was 3 hours. The authors come to a conclusion that moradol in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg b. w. ensures adequate anesthesia, with a high level of analgesia persisting in the immediate postoperative period.