近视眼风险因素的Cox回归分析

近视眼风险因素在国内外已进行过许多研究，有不少类似的发现和观点。本项调研的特点是利用县、市级卫生防疫站学校卫生专业人员为调查员；现场分布广，在本省达19个县市；被调查者为同班级、同性别、年龄上2岁的“正视”与“近视”者各半；调查卡片事先设计、专门印制；利用Cox回归进行多因素分析。1对象与方法1．1调查对象在有关县市的小学三年级至高中一年级（9～22岁），各班级调查“正视”者（探眼视力≥1．0，a组）5人，“近视”者（视力＜0．5，b组）5人。询问。调查的数据均以一人一卡记录。两组人要求同班级、同性别、年龄上2岁以…     

贪吃的小猫

设计思想在“认识各种各样的商标”的区域活动中，我听到幼儿谈论商标的话题很少，更多谈论的是我吃过哪些食品，这时，我介入到其中，与孩子们一起谈论。通过交流我了解到孩子们不受家长约束地吃各种零食，其中的危害还没有引起家长的高度重视。     

来稿请规范书写参考文献

目的了解药品标签中商标标注情况。方法对1212种药品标签中商标标注情况进行调查。结果药品标签上商标的标注不存在分类的差异。药品标签中注册商标的标注不规范。结论尽管在商标管理法中明文规定：“商标可以用文字、名称、符号图形或其组合构成”，但笔者认为：作为特殊商品的药品，以企业名称或商品名作为药品的注册商标是值得推广的，一是消费者便于记忆，便于选择；二是对生产企业来说，可以明确责任、提高信誉、创建名企、名药；三是方便药品质量验收工作。     

前进中的珍奥集团

珍奥集团创建于1996年，是国家级火炬计划重点高新技术企业。“珍奥”商标被国家工商总局评定为“中国驰名商标”。     

控烟行动震撼“中南海”

4月13日，多位法学界和卫生界的专家教授、从事公益法律援助和保护消费者权益的律师、控烟组织代表聚首北京，参加由新探健康发展研究中心主办的“烟草企业不应利用烟包信息误导消费者”研讨会。与会者一致呼吁：我国一些卷烟商标，如“中南海”、“中华”等，所用名称代表国家和政府形象，不应作为烟草企业生产的卷烟商标。与会者特别指出，“中南海”系中华人民共和国国家主席和国务院机关所在地。     

谊安主商标“ ormed谊安”

2011年6月30日，从北京市工商管理局传来喜讯，谊安医疗主商标“ ormed谊安”被认定为北京市著名商标。同批认定的企业商标还有联想、大唐、用友、方正、同仁堂等。北京市工商局按照市委、市政府的工作部署和国家工商总局的工作要求，启动了2010年北京市著名商标的认定工作。     

维维豆奶欢迎开怀

维维集团是中国最大的豆奶食品生产企业，中国食品业为数不多的上市企业。维维始终把产品质量视作企业的生命，在同行业中率先通过了ISO14001质量体系认证，“维维”商标被国家工商局认定为“中国驰名商标”，维维豆奶粉畅销全国，被评为“中国名牌产品”、“国家免检产品”。     

酒香铸品牌，品质得人心

11年前，凭借一个商人的直觉，朱明用极少的成本成为了第一个“青花瓷”白酒这个商标的持有人。10年磨一剑，当今天的白酒市场兴起“青花风暴”之时，行人愿意出上千万的价格购买它的商标，但都被他断然拒绝……     

以人为本理念在医院人力资源管理中的应用和体会

进入21世纪，管理水平和技术水平日益成为决定医院生存与发展的重要资源，而人作为管理技能和技术的载体，作为医院知识资源的驾驭者，其主动性、积极性和创造性调动与发挥的程度，将直接影响医院在医疗市场的竞争力，并最终决定医院的生存和发展。人力资源管理的关键是对人的管理，现代医院人力资源管理要发挥其应有的价值，必须将“以人为本”的理念贯穿于管理的全过程，以员工的需求为根本出发点，     

点击妇幼保健网

始自于２０世纪中叶的电子计算机，由于给人类的生产、生活带来极大的便利而得到了迅猛发展，成了国民经济重要的新增长点。这种依赖无数的“线”连接有数的“点”的网络，产生巨大而又深刻影响，逐渐发展成为２１世纪人类必不可少的生存方式，形成极具特色、魅力无穷的网络时代。尽早深入分析这一时代的性质，结合行业特点，利用先进的电子网络技术为妇幼保健工作的改革和发展服务，才能达到“科技兴院”、“科技兴所”和全面的“科技兴医”的目的。1 网络时代对各领域的冲击及震撼 网络时代的到来，给人们的传统消费观念、销售观念带来强…     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.