支气管哮喘气道高反应易感基因原钙黏蛋白1研究进展

支气管哮喘关键病理生理特征之一是气道高反应性,气道高反应发生与气道上皮屏障功能缺陷密切相关。研究表明原钙黏蛋白1（protocadherin-1,PCDH1）基因通过影响气道上皮屏障功能进而调控气道高反应性的发生发展。而PCDH1基因影响气道上皮屏障功能的作用机制尚不清楚,需要进一步研究其在气道上皮屏障功能发生发展中的表达、功能以及分子机制,并探索其作用的信号通路。该文对目前气道高反应易感基因PCDH1的研究进展作一综述。     

气道上皮损伤及上皮衍化松驰因子与哮喘

本文综述气道上皮损伤及上皮衍化松驰因子与气道高反应性和哮喘的关系。系统地介绍了气道上皮损伤的原因及其诱发气道反应性增高的机理，上皮衍化松驰因子的生理特性及其临床意义。     

气道上皮损伤与上皮下成纤维细胞活化

气道上皮损伤和上皮下基底膜增厚是哮喘的一个典型病理特征且与疾病慢性病程、严重度和气道高反应性(BHR)有关。成人、儿童难治性哮喘及咳嗽变异性哮喘患均存在不同程度的上皮损伤和基底膜增厚。损伤的上皮细胞主动参与了哮喘气道正常组织恢复以及纤维化的形成，在哮喘气道重塑的形成过程中具有十分突出的地位和作用。     

气道上皮损伤与上皮下成纤维细胞活化

气道上皮损伤和上皮下基底膜增厚是哮喘的一个典型病理特征且与疾病慢性病程、严重度和气道高反应性(BHR)有关。成人、儿童难治性哮喘及咳嗽变异性哮喘患者均存在不同程度的上皮损伤和基底膜增厚[1,2]。损伤的上皮细胞主动参与了哮喘气道正常组织恢复以及纤维化的形成,在哮喘气道重塑的形成过程中具有十分突出的地位和作用。1　气道上皮损伤的机制哮喘患者气道上皮受损的机制目前尚未完全阐明,可能系多种因素综合作用的结果。空气污染的主要成分二氧化氮(·NO2 )及过(氧化)亚硝酸盐(ONOO )可引起上皮损伤,并以浓度依赖方式引起气道…     

嗜碱粒细胞在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用

支气管哮喘病理学上的是以各种炎性细胞包括嗜碱粒细胞在内的气道上皮浸润为特点的慢性非特异性炎症，嗜碱粒细胞由于胞闪中含有丰富的嗜碱颗粒，在多种刺激因子作用下，可释放组胺，ＩＬ－４和ＩＬ－１３等物质，并与其它炎性细胞及其释放的介质相互作用，参与支气管哮喘气道炎症的发生和维持。     

肺移植术后闭塞性细支气管炎的临床诊疗进展

肺移植术后闭塞性细支气管炎(OB)和细支气管闭塞综合征(BOS)是导致肺移植术后长期存活率降低的主要原因.OB和BOS的早期诊断和治疗可以改善患者的预后,提高生存率.呼出气一氧化氮(exhaled nitrieoxide,eNO)和呼出气一氧化碳(exhaled carbon monoixde,eCO)水平测定、支气管肺泡灌洗液中的中性粒细胞的检测、IL-8、MCP-1、TGF-β等细胞因子的测定有助于预测OB/BOS的发生.吸入环孢素A、他克莫司、阿奇霉素、和他汀类药物的应用有助于OB和BOS的治疗.     

呼吸道病毒感染在婴幼儿喘息及支气管哮喘发病中的作用

本文综述呼吸道病毒感染在婴幼儿毛细支气管炎、支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)等喘息性疾病中的作用,及病毒感染对哮喘和变态反应性疾病的影响.呼吸道病毒感染可以损伤气道上皮,直接激活末梢神经,导致气道细胞产生多种炎性细胞因子及趋化因子,导致喘息、咳嗽等临床症状的产生,同时影响机体免疫功能,导致免疫功能紊乱.呼吸道病毒感染对喘息及哮喘患儿的影响是急性损害和长期作用并存,特应性体质的患儿对病毒感染更加敏感.有效地控制婴幼儿时期的呼吸道病毒性感染,可以减少喘息性疾病的发作,并最终减少哮喘的发生.     

气道上皮损伤及上皮衍化松弛因子与哮喘

本文综述气道上皮损伤及上皮衍化松弛因子与气道高反应性和哮喘的关系。系统地介绍了气道上皮损伤的原因及其诱发气道反应性增高的机理;上皮衍化松弛因子的生理特性及其临床意义。     

气道上皮功能障碍在哮喘发病机制中的作用

哮喘是一种慢性炎症性气道疾病,以气道高反应性和气道重塑为特征。气道上皮在哮喘的发病机制中处于核心地位,其物理屏障、黏液纤毛清除、免疫调节等多种功能直接参与气道炎症反应,进而影响哮喘的发生、发展。本文综述哮喘中的气道上皮功能障碍及其潜在机制,这可能为哮喘提供新的治疗靶点。     

气道上皮在支气管哮喘发病机制中的相关研究

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是一种由多种细胞、多种细胞因子参与形成的慢性气道炎症性疾病.气道上皮细胞是气道结构细胞,在应激状态下的上皮细胞通过分泌炎性介质与自身细胞或其他气道结构细胞、炎性细胞、抗原递呈细胞等相互作用,积极参与哮喘的发生、发展.阐明维持气道上皮正常结构和功能的分子机制,可能在未来哮喘防治中占有重要意义.本文综述气道上皮在哮喘发生、发展中的作用及相关机制的研究进展.     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma