高迁移率族蛋白在巨细胞病毒感染新生小鼠肝炎中的表达及其意义

目的研究采用人巨细胞病毒(MCMV)诱导的实验性肝病新生小鼠模型,探讨高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)在实验性新生小鼠肝炎肝脏组织中的表达及其意义。方法将48只BALB/c新生小鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)和病毒组(MCMV组),每组各24只,MCMV组应用新生小鼠一次性单侧腹腔注射MCMV 20μl方法建立肝病新生小鼠模型,NC组腹腔注射等量无菌生理盐水,分别于注射后3 d、7 d、14 d留取静脉血与肝脏组织(各8只),用HE染色观察肝脏病理变化;RT-PCR法和免疫组化法检测肝组织的HMGB1表达;ELISA法检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量。结果 NC组HMGB1、ALT表达量在感染后第3天已明显升高,第7天达高峰,第14天有所下降,与NC组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),HMGB1与ALT在3 d、7 d呈正相关(P0.05)。结论此次研究以BALB/c新生小鼠为研究对象,成功建立了肝病新生小鼠模型,发现HMGB1可能在鼠巨细胞病毒(MCMV)感染新生小鼠肝炎的发生、发展中起到重要作用,具体机制待进一步研究。     

内质网应激通路相关分子GRP78、CHOP在新生小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎中的表达变化

目的通过观察内质网应激(ER Stress)通路相关分子葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)及CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)在新生小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎中的表达变化,探讨ER Stress在巨细胞病毒肝炎发生、发展中的作用。方法将64只新生小鼠随机分为对照组(n=32)与病毒组(n=32)。病毒组于小鼠出生3天时腹腔接种MCMV病毒悬液20μl(107.21μ/0.1 ml),建立小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎模型;对照组于相同时间点腹腔注射等量的无菌生理盐水,分别于3 d、7 d、14 d、28 d时处死小鼠。ELISA法检测小鼠血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)的水平,RT-PCR法检测小鼠肝细胞内GRP78、CHOP的mRNA水平,免疫组化法检测小鼠肝细胞内GRP78、CHOP的表达及分布情况。结果成功建立小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎模型;各时间点病毒组GRP78、CHOP的mRNA及蛋白表达均较对照组显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ER Stress相关分子GRP78和CHOP在新生小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎中表达均明显增加,说明新生小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎中发生了ER Stress,ER Stress可能在新生小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎中发挥重要作用。     

RIG-I在新生小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎中的表达及意义

目的探讨维甲酸诱导基因I(RIG-I)在采用鼠巨细胞病毒(MCMV)诱导的新生BALB/c小鼠肝脏组织中的表达及其意义。方法 48只新生BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)和病毒组(MCMV组)各24只,MCMV组新生小鼠一次性腹腔注射MCMV20μl(TCID50:104.44/ml)方法建立肝病新生小鼠模型,NC组腹腔注射等量无菌生理盐水,分别于注射后3、7、14 d留取静脉血与肝脏组织(各8只)。PCR法检测肝脏组织中MCMV-DNA的表达,HE染色观察肝脏病理变化,RT-PCR法检测肝组织RIG-I的m RNA表达,Western blot法检测RIG-I的蛋白表达,ELISA法检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、I型干扰素IFN-β含量。结果 (1)成功建立了新生小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎模型;(2)MCMV组小鼠肝脏组织HE染色可见明显病理损害,3 d肝细胞点状坏死,7 d大量炎性细胞浸润,片状坏死;NC组肝组织未见明显异常。(3)MCMV组ALT表达量在感染后3 d已明显升高,7 d达高峰,14 d有所下降,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);RIG-I、IFN-β与ALT在3、7、14 d呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 RIG-I参与了MCMV感染新生小鼠肝炎的发生、发展过程,肝脏中RIG-I、IFN-β表达越低肝损伤越重。推测MCMV感染后可能通过RIG-I介导的信号通路导致IFN-β分泌降低,使得MCMV在一定程度上获得免疫逃逸,成为MCMV肝炎致病机制之一。     

新生BALB/c小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎模型的建立

目的:建立新生BALB/c小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎模型.方法:小鼠巨细胞病毒经腹腔注射感染新生BALB/e小鼠,建立肝炎小鼠模型.结果:感染小鼠肝炎发病率为100.00％,死亡高峰在感染后3～5天,死亡率为10.00％.MCMV感染小鼠生长发育缓慢,7、14天时体重低于未感染小鼠(P＜0.05).HE染色可见3天时炎性细胞浸润,肝细胞肿胀变性,表现为体积变大、胞浆空淡,肝细胞点状坏死;7天时病变加重达高峰,可见大泡性脂肪变,大量炎性细胞浸润,肝细胞片状坏死;第14天病理损害仍保持较高水平.MCMV感染新生小鼠与对照组相比,在第3、7、14天ALT明显升高(P＜0.05),ALT的高峰是在第7天.PCR检测MCMV感染新生小鼠肝脏组织内MCMV DNA为阳性,7天时肝脏病毒滴度最高.结论:新生小鼠巨细胞病毒肝炎动物模型为探讨先天性HCMV肝炎的发病机制、转归及抗病毒药物的筛选提供了有力的工具.     

TRAIL及其受体DR5在MCMV肝炎新生小鼠模型肝组织中的表达和意义

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)及其死亡受体5(DR5)在巨细胞病毒(MCMV)肝炎新生小鼠肝组织中的表达变化及意义。方法 48只新生小鼠随机分为对照组(24只)与病毒组(24只),病毒组腹腔接种MCMV建立MCMV肝炎模型(MCMV组),对照组腹腔注射等量的无菌生理盐水。聚合酶链反应技术(PCR)检测小鼠肝脏MCMV DNA,ELISA法检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),反转录(RT)-PCR法和免疫组织化学法检测肝脏的TRAIL和DR5蛋白及mRNA的表达,并分析它们与ALT的相关性。结果 MCMV组和正常对照组小鼠肝脏组织中均存在TRAIL、DR5蛋白和mRNA的表达;与正常对照组相比,MCMV组TRAIL及DR5mRNA的表达呈增高趋势,第7天达高峰,14 d有所下降。免疫组织化学法显示肝脏TRAIL、DR5蛋白的表达也在病毒感染后第7天达到高峰,且二者与ALT表达水平呈正相关。结论 MCMV肝炎新生小鼠TRAIL及受体DR5在肝脏组织中呈现高表达,且与ALT呈正相关,提示TRAIL及受体DR5通过调控肝脏细胞凋亡参与MCMV肝炎的病理过程。     

EV71型手足口病患儿外周血RORγt mRNA与IL-17A和IL-23水平变化及其意义

目的探讨手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)患儿血液中转录因子维甲酸相关孤儿受体γt(RORγt)mRNA、白介素-17A(IL-17A)、白介素-23(IL-23)表达差异及其意义。方法将某医院2016年7月-2018年7月50例确诊为EV71感染的HFMD患儿分为重症组(15例)、轻症组(35例),20名同龄健康儿童作为对照组,采用液相芯片技术检测血液IL-17A、IL-23细胞因子水平,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测RORγt mRNA的表达水平。并进行组间比较。结果重症组患儿血清IL-17A、IL-23细胞因子水平和外周血RORγt mRNA表达水平均高于轻症组及对照组(P<0.05),轻症组与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义。结论手足口病发生发展可能与外周血IL-17A、IL-23浓度升高及Th17细胞特异性转录因子RORγt mRNA表达升高引起免疫系统异常有关,值得进一步研究。     

巨细胞病毒感染诱发高血压血管病变的细胞焦亡机制

目的探索细胞焦亡在小鼠巨细胞病毒(MCMV)感染诱发血压升高这一血管病变过程中的重要影响。方法选取两周龄健康雄性C57小鼠15只,正常饲养5 d后随机平均分为模拟感染组(腹腔注射PBS),实验组(感染MCMV组)和抑制剂组(转染MCMV并注射焦亡抑制剂MCC950)。实验六周后测量各组小鼠血压;蛋白质免疫印迹法(WB)检测各组小鼠动脉组织焦亡相关蛋白半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(caspas-1)、消皮素D(GSDMD)、白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β)、IL-18、 Pro-caspase-1及GSDMD-N的表达变化;检测血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的释放水平;酶联免疫吸附法检测各组小鼠血清中高血压相关促炎因子IL-1β、IL-18、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)及血清及动脉组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngiotensinⅡ)的表达情况。结果与模拟感染组比较,感染MCMV组小鼠血压、焦亡相关蛋白(caspase-1、GSDMD-N、IL-1β、IL-18)以及血清IL-1β、IL-18、LDH、IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1表达均升高(P0.05),动脉组织和血清AngiotensinⅡ表达升高(P0.05);与感染MCMV组比较,感染MCMV+MC9950组小鼠上述指标水平均降低(P0.05)。结论巨细胞病毒通过诱导细胞焦亡诱发高血压血管病变。     

百草枯致大鼠肺组织Th17细胞相关细胞因子变化及IL-17抗体的拮抗作用

目的探讨急性百草枯染毒大鼠肺组织内Th17细胞相关细胞因子的表达变化及IL-17抗体的中和作用。方法将72只健康SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为对照(生理盐水)组、百草枯中毒组和抗体中和组,每组24只,雌雄各半。百草枯中毒组和抗体中和组一次性灌胃染毒百草枯(50mg/kg);抗体中和组2 h后腹腔注射3μg/ml的IL-17抗体。分别于染毒后第1、3、7、21天,检测外周血IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β浓度和肺组织中维甲酸孤独核受体γt(RORγt)mRNA的表达水平。观察肺组织的病理学改变。结果与对照组相比,百草枯中毒组和抗体中和组雌、雄大鼠各时间点血清IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β浓度及肺组织RORγtmRNA的表达均升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与百草枯中毒组相比,抗体中和组雌、雄大鼠第1、3天血清IL-17、IL-6含量及第3、7天血清TGF-β含量以及第1、3、7天肺组织RORγt mRNA表达水平均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。而雄性大鼠第7天血清IL-17含量及雌性大鼠第21天肺组织RORγt mRNA表达水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Th17细胞参与了百草枯中毒大鼠急性炎症反应过程,IL-17抗体对急性百草枯致肺损伤具有拮抗作用。     

特异性免疫治疗对哮喘大鼠肺组织RORγtmRNA表达的影响

目的研究特异性免疫治疗(SIT)对哮喘大鼠肺组织维甲酸相关孤核受体γt(RORγt)mRNA表达的影响及其机制。方法将24只正常清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组(C组)、哮喘组(A组)和特异性免疫治疗组(SIT组),A组和SIT组通过卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏建立哮喘大鼠模型,SIT组再行OVA雾化吸入减敏。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞介素-17(IL-17)及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)水平,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测肺组织RORγt mRNA表达水平。结果三组IL-17、TGF-β1和RORγt mRNA差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组IL-17、TGF-β1及RORγt mRNA均高于C组(P0.05);SIT组IL-17及TGF-β1均高于C组(P0.05),RORγt mRNA与C组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);SIT组IL-17和TGF-β1及RORγt mRNA均低于A组(P0.05)。RORγt mRNA与TGF-β1及IL-17均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 SIT可能通过减少TGF-β1分泌抑制RORγt表达,进而抑制Th17生成及IL-17分泌,减轻气道炎症反应。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血SOCS3 mRNA的表达及其与Th17的关系

 目的 研究慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者外周血辅助性T细胞17(Th17)以及细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3(SOCS3) mRNA的表达状况,探索CHB患者SOCS3 mRNA表达与Th17的关系。方法 选取2021年2—8月于某院门诊就诊的30例CHB患者为研究对象,并选取同期正常体检者15例为对照组。采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测外周血Th17细胞频数,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清细胞因子IL-17A和IL-23表达水平,实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)法测定外周血SOCS3、维甲酸相关孤儿核受体γt (RORγt) mRNA表达水平,并比较两组患者的检测结果。结果 CHB患者外周血Th17细胞频数及其效应分子IL-17A、IL-23表达水平高于对照组(均P＜0.05),Th17细胞频数、IL-17A与HBV DNA水平之间存在正相关(r值分别为0.570、0.563,均P＜0.005)。CHB患者外周血SOCS3、RORγt mRNA表达水平高于对照组(均P＜0.05),两者与HBV DNA水平正相关(r值分别为0.662、0.561,均P＜0.05)。CHB患者SOCS3 mRNA与RORγt mRNA、Th17细胞频数、IL-17A之间存在正相关(r值分别为0.552、0.626、0.826,均P＜0.05)。结论 CHB患者外周血SOCS3 mRNA的异常高表达,可能通过调节RORγt mRNA的表达来影响Th17的分化及其效应分子的分泌。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

骨钙素与儿童生长发育

骨钙素是成骨细胞分泌的骨蛋白 ,骨钙素水平与成骨细胞活性成正相关 ,是一项很好的反映骨形成与骨转化的生化指标。小儿骨生长发育有自身特点 ,骨钙素水平的改变类似儿童身高生长曲线 ,可以很好地应用于评价儿童生长发育及监测生长障碍患儿对治疗的反应     

Cholesterol and Egg Intakes with Cardiometabolic and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese and Low-Income Black and White Americans

We examined the associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality among Chinese and low-income Black and White Americans. Included were 47,789 Blacks, 20,360 Whites, and 134,280 Chinese aged 40–79 years at enrollment. Multivariable Cox models with restricted cubic splines were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality outcomes using intakes of 150 mg cholesterol/day and 1 egg/week as the references. Cholesterol intake showed a nonlinear association with increased all-cause mortality and a linear association with increased cardiometabolic mortality among Black Americans: HRs (95% CIs) associated with 300 and 600 mg/day vs. 150 mg/day were 1.07 (1.03–1.11) and 1.13 (1.05–1.21) for all-cause mortality (P-linearity = 0.04, P-nonlinearity = 0.002, and P-overall < 0.001) and 1.10 (1.03–1.16) and 1.21 (1.08–1.36) for cardiometabolic mortality (P-linearity = 0.007, P-nonlinearity = 0.07, and P-overall = 0.005). Null associations with all-cause or cardiometabolic mortality were noted for White Americans (P-linearity ≥ 0.13, P-nonlinearity ≥ 0.06, and P-overall ≥ 0.05 for both). Nonlinear inverse associations were observed among Chinese: HR (95% CI) for 300 vs. 150 mg/day was 0.94 (0.92–0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.91 (0.87–0.95) for cardiometabolic mortality, but the inverse associations disappeared with cholesterol intake > 500 mg/day (P-linearity ≥ 0.12; P-nonlinearity ≤ 0.001; P-overall < 0.001 for both). Similarly, we observed a positive association of egg intake with all-cause mortality in Black Americans, but a null association in White Americans and a nonlinear inverse association in Chinese. In conclusion, the associations of cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality may differ across ethnicities who have different dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, residual confounding remains possible.