061槐属植物中的黄酮类化合物及其药理活性

综述了近10年来从槐属植物中分离得到的黄酮类化合物及其药理活性,为该属植物的开发利用提供参考。新分得的黄酮类化合物包括二氢黄酮、二氢黄酮醇、异黄酮、二氢异黄酮和多环系黄酮等,药理活性包括抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒、抗雄性激素样作用等。     

黄酮类化合物对动物实验性肝损伤保护作用的研究进展

各种黄酮类化合物如黄酮类、黄酮醇类、二氢黄酮类、异黄酮类、黄烷酮类等对化学性肝损伤、药物性肝损伤、免疫性肝损伤、酒精性肝损伤、缺血/再灌注性肝损伤等实验性肝损伤均有不同程度的保护作用。这种保护作用与黄酮化合物清除自由基、抗氧化、抗脂质过氧化反应、调节免疫功能等有关。研究各种黄酮类化合物对动物实验性肝损伤的作用对于开发防治肝脏疾病的药物有重要意义。该文就近年来黄酮类化合物对动物实验性肝损伤作用的研究进展作一综述。     

补骨脂二氢黄酮甲醚研究进展

补骨脂是我国传统中药,又名破故纸,具有温肾助阳、温脾止泻、平喘等功效,临床应用较为广泛。补骨脂中含有香豆素类、黄酮类、单萜酚类等多种化合物,补骨脂二氢黄酮甲醚是从中药补骨脂中所提取的一种异戊烯基黄酮类化合物,具有抗炎、平喘、抗氧化及抗肿瘤等多种药理作用,具有较为广阔的开发前景。本文通过总结近年来有关补骨脂二氢黄酮甲醚的研究文献,主要从药理作用角度对补骨脂二氢黄酮甲醚进行综述,为其进一步开发利用提供参考。     

补骨脂二氢黄酮甲醚的药理活性及肝毒性研究进展

补骨脂二氢黄酮甲醚是来源于豆科补骨脂属植物补骨脂Psoralea corylifolia L.干燥成熟果实的二氢黄酮类成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗糖尿病、抗炎及神经保护等药理活性,有着良好的临床应用潜力。随着临床上对补骨脂用药安全的不断关注,补骨脂二氢黄酮甲醚已被证实会造成肝细胞损伤。本文综述了近20年来关于补骨脂二氢黄酮甲醚的药理活性及肝毒性研究概况,为补骨脂二氢黄酮甲醚的后续研究和临床应用提供参考。     

国产血竭总黄酮测定的方法学研究

为探讨国产血竭黄酮类化合物的测定方法,通过提取黄酮类化合物,并将黄酮类化合物通过化学定性、薄层层析及紫外光谱分析,发现国产血竭主要含有C环未共轭的黄酮类化合物,且其紫外光谱特征与二氢黄酮、二氢查耳酮及黄烷化合物的紫外光谱特征相似,据此推测国产血竭总黄酮的测定宜采用有针对性的测定方法。     

泽兰属植物中黄酮类化学成分与药理作用

黄酮类化学成分是泽兰属植物的特征性成分,以黄酮醇、黄酮、二氢黄酮类型为主,主要具有抗肿瘤、杀虫、抗SARS病毒、抗菌等作用。综述了泽兰属植物中的黄酮类化学成分、药理作用的研究进展。     

NO供体黄酮类化合物的合成及其生物活性研究

目的设计合成一系列NO供体黄酮类化合物,考察其药理活性.方法以单羟基取代黄酮为母体,使羟基与NO供体片段相连,得到NO供体型黄酮衍生物.结果与讨论目标化合物的组成、结构经红外光谱、质谱和核磁共振氢谱确认,其抗炎活性不及相应的羟基黄酮化合物.     

大戟科黄酮类化合物的研究进展

大戟科植物具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗炎等多种生物学活性,根据其化学结构又可分为黄酮类、黄酮醇类、二氢黄酮（醇）类和花色素类等4种结构类型。大戟科黄酮类化合物结构新颖,药用前景广阔,值得深入研究及开发。本文综述了大戟科黄酮类化合物的化学结构及其药理活性研究概况。     

黄酮类化合物在原代肝细胞上的代谢和药物相互作用研究进展

黄酮类化合物是一类结构相关的多酚类化合物，已鉴定的黄酮类化合物超过5000种，广泛分布于自然界中。黄酮类化合物主要是指基本母核为2-苯基色原酮（2-phenyl—chromone）的衍生物，现在则是泛指两个具有酚羟基的苯环（A环与B环）通过中央三碳原子相互联结而成的一系列化合物。根据中央三碳链的氧化程度、B环连接位置（2-或3-位）以及三碳链是否构成环状等特点，可将主要天然黄酮类化合物分为黄酮、黄酮醇、二氢黄酮、二氢黄酮醇、异黄酮、二氢异黄酮、查耳酮、二氢查耳酮、花色素、黄烷醇（黄烷-3-醇、黄烷．3，4-二醇）、橙酮、双苯吡酮和高异黄酮等。     

黄酮衍生物的合成及其抗炎活性研究

目的 设计合成一系列黄酮衍生物,并考察其抗炎活性。方法 采用Baker-Venkataraman反应合成单羟基取代的黄酮,进而经Williamson反应合成黄酮衍生物;以布洛芬为阳性对照药,采用巴豆油致小鼠耳肿胀实验对5个目标化合物（1a、1c、1d、2a、2c）的抗炎活性进行了评价。结果与结论 以2’,5’-二羟基苯乙酮或2’,4’-二羟基苯乙酮为原料,合成了12个未见文献报道的新化合物,其结构经核磁共振氢谱、高分辨质谱及红外光谱确证。初步的药理筛选结果表明化合物6-[2-(4-吗啉基)乙氧基]黄酮(1a)和2’-氟-7-(2-二甲氨基甲酰甲氧基)黄酮(2c)具有潜在的抗炎活性。     

ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN FLAVONE DERIVATIVES: A STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY STUDY

1. Flavone, its methoxy derivatives and flavanone were synthesized by standard methods and were tested for analgesic activity in mice by employing acetic acid writhing and tail flick methods. 2. All the tested compounds except flavanone exhibited significant dose-dependent analgesic activity in both the assay models. Some of the compounds were found to involve opioid mechanisms in their analgesic effect. 3. A definite structure-activity relationship was observed in the analgesic activity of flavone derivatives as well as in their mechanism of action.     

Synthesis and evaluation of novel carbamate-substituted flavanone derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and anti-amnestic agents

This study was designed to synthesize and evaluate flavanone derivatives with phenylcarbamate moiety as potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and anti-amnestic agents for management of AD. The synthesis of carbamate-substituted flavanone derivatives involved base-catalysed Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of 2-hydroxy acetophenone/2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone with differently substituted benzaldehydes to yield differently substituted chalcones that underwent intra-molecular oxidative cyclization on refluxing with glacial acetic acid to yield flavanone compounds. Thereafter, refluxing of flavanone compounds with phenyl isocyanate in the presence of petroleum-ether and triethylamine provided phenyl carbamate-substituted flavanone derivatives. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for AChE inhibitory activity with donepezil as the standard drug. The most potent test compound (5f′) was evaluated in vivo for memory restorative actions in scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg)-induced amnesia in mice by Morris water maze test. All the compounds exhibited AChE inhibitory activity with carbamate substituted 5,7-dimethoxyflavanone derivatives (5a′–5g′) being the most potent compounds with IC₅₀ ranging from 21.5 ± 1.8 to 9.9 ± 1.6 nM. Compound 5f′ also ameliorated scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice in terms of restoration of time spent in target quadrant and escape latency time. It may be concluded that phenylcarbamate-substituted 5,7-dimethoxyflavanones may be a promising structural template for the development of novel AChE inhibitors in managing amnestic disorders including AD.     

新型查耳酮衍生物的合成及其初步抗蛋白酪氨酸 激酶(PTKs)活性研究

目的 设计合成一系列全新的查耳酮类衍生物,并初步测试其蛋白酪氨酸激酶（PTKs）抑制活性。方法 以间二甲苯为原料,经硝化、还原、水解、甲氧甲基保护等反应得到中间体取代苯乙酮,该中间体再与取代苯甲醛发生羟醛缩合反应后脱保护基得到目标化合物。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）,以金雀异黄素为阳性对照,对目标化合物进行体外 PTKs 抑制活性检测。 结果与结论 合成了 10 个查耳酮衍生物,其中 9 个是未见报道的新化合物,10 个化合物的结构经核磁共振氢谱和质谱确证。化合物 6a 及新化合物 6b、6c 和 6d 对 PTKs 具有良好的抑制活性。     

二氢黄酮类衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的 设计合成一系列全新二氢黄酮类化合物,并评价其抗肿瘤活性。方法 以间二甲苯为原料,经硝化、还原、水解、缩合等反应制得目标化合物。采用SRB法、MTT法,以顺铂为阳性对照药,以人肿瘤细胞Bel-7402、HL-60、BGC-823和KB为测试细胞株对目标化合物进行体外抗肿瘤活性评价。 结果与结论 合成了 11 个二氢黄酮类化合物,目标化合物的结构经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证。化合物5b、5c、5d、5f、5h对人肿瘤细胞KB具有很好的抑制活性,化合物5f、5h同时也对人肿瘤细胞Bel-7402、BGC-823 具有一定的抑制作用。     

Two new compounds from Carthamus tinctorius

From the dried petals of Carthamus tinctorius, a new flavonoid, (2R)-4',5-dihydroxyl-6,7-di-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl flavanone (1) and a new aromatic glucoside, methyl-3-(4-O-beta-d-glucopyranosylphenyl) propionate (4) were isolated along with four known compounds (2S)-4',5-dihydroxyl-6,7-di-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl flavanone (2), 6-hydroxykaempferol-3,6-di-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3), 4-O-beta-d-glucosyl-trans-p-coumaric acid (5), and 4-O-beta-d-glucosyl-cis-p-coumaric acid (6). Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods.     

Hydrolysis of flavanone glycosides and degradation of the corresponding aglycones from dried immature Citrus fruit by human fecal flora in vitro

The hydrolysis of the flavanone glycosides contained in dried immature Citrus fruit, originating from Citrus aurantium L (Family Rutaceae), and degradation of their aglycones in human fecal flora have been analyzed. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the flavanone glycosides and their corresponding aglycones in human fecal flora. The separation of compounds was performed with an ODS column by isocratic and stepwise gradient elution with 0.5 % (v/v) acetic acid-acetonitrile. As a result, the hydrolysis rate of hesperidin and narirutin (flavanone rutinoside) was faster than that of naringin and neohesperidin (flavanone neohesperioside). When the half-life time of each flavanone glycoside was carefully calculated (under the mixed conditions with the human fecal flora), hydrolysis of the flavanone rutinoside turned out to be approximately two times faster than of flavanone neohesperioside. The observed degradation rates of both aglycones was found not to be different. Therefore, it seems that the hydrolysis rate of flavanone glycosides in dried immature citrus fruit with human fecal flora is closely related to the steric hindrance of the sugar. This finding might be effectively used for further pharmacokinetics research on the flavanone glycosides of dried immature Citrus fruit.     

兔毛蒿有效成分的研究

从兔毛蒿Filifolium sibiricum(L)Kitam中分离出三个黄酮类化合物。晶Ⅰ为-新二氢黄酮,命名为兔毛蒿素(Filifolin);晶Ⅱ为北美圣草素(Eriodictyol);晶Ⅲ为万寿菊黄素3,6-二甲醚(3,6-dimethoxyquercetag:tin)。三者对金葡菌等革兰氏阳性菌有不同程度的抑制作用。     

Neuropective constituents from the rhizomes of Abacopteris penangiana

Two neuropective compounds were isolated from the rhizomes of Abacopteris penangiana, one was a new flavone and the other was a flavanone. Both compounds were firstly separated from natural plant. The isolation work was guided by the antioxidant activity. Both the compounds showed a significant antioxidant activity in vitro and a protective effect on dopamine-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.     

白花败酱草化学成分的分离与结构鉴定

目的研究白花败酱草的化学成分。方法利用溶剂萃取后进行硅胶柱和制备液相色谱分离纯化，根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果分离并鉴定了8个化合物：bolusanthol B (1)，(2S)-5,7,2′,6′-四羟基-6,8-二异戊烯基-二氢黄酮(2)，orotinin (3)，(2S)-5,7,2′,6′-四羟基-6-lavandulyl-二氢黄酮(4)，3′-异戊烯基-芹黄素(5)，木犀草素(6)，槲皮素(7)和洋芹素(8)。结论化合物2，4为新化合物，1，3，5为首次从败酱属植物中分离得到，6，7，8为首次从白花败酱草中分离得到。     

Nontraditional approaches to the synthesis of some biologically active substituted <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-benzoquinones

The condensation of mono o- or p-substituted anilines (1) with tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2) has been achieved by using K₂CO₃ under conventional heating, solid solvent-free grinding, solid-phase microwave irradiation (MWI) conditions to obtain substituted dichloro-p-benzoquinone derivatives (3). All the nontraditional methods described herein provide several advantages over prior methods such as higher yield, convenient work-up procedure, and enviro-economic synthesis. It is observed that solid-supported reaction under MWI is the most appropriate for the synthesis of the title compounds. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. Some compounds showed promising antimicrobial properties. The best activity was observed with compounds 3b and 3f. Presented at the International Symposium on Current Trends in Drug Discovery Research (CTDDR) (P-12) 17–21 February 2007, Central Drug Research Institute, Luknow, India. (Abstract Published in Medicinal Chemistry Research 2007, 15(1/6):117–118).