单纤维肌电图在糖尿病亚临床周围神经病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨单纤维肌电图(SFEMG)在糖尿病亚临床周围神经病诊断中的应用价值.方法 2型糖尿病患者65例,采用KEY POINT 4CH型肌电图仪,测定指总伸肌的颤抖(Jitter)和纤维密度(FD),同时进行常规神经传导检测(NCS)并测量空腹血糖(FBG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c).结果 Jitter和FD具有相关性,且均与HbA1C、病程呈正相关.Jitter异常率66.2%,FD异常率61.5%,NCS异常率47.7%.结论 Jitter所反映的神经肌肉接头异常及FD反映的失神经-神经再支配与代谢状况相关联,SFEMG是糖尿病周围神经病早期诊断的敏感手段,可发现亚临床神经病.     

大鼠电刺激单纤维肌电图的实验研究

目的建立大鼠的电刺激单纤维肌电图（S-SFEMG）引导方法，并观察各种影响因素对颤抖（jitter）值的影响。方法将健康成年sD大鼠用3％戊巴比妥钠（30mg／kg，腹腔注射）麻醉，暴露右侧坐骨神经及腓肠肌，采用丹迪Keypoint4M／4C型多功能肌电图仪测量腓肠肌jitter的平均连续差值（MCD）值及肌纤维密度（FD）值。分别改变刺激强度、刺激频率及体温观察测量结果变化。结果头测10只大鼠腓肠肌260个位点的MCD正常值范围为12—62us，均值为（32.5±10．5）us。温度、刺激频率对MCD值有影响，刺激强度改变对MCD值未见有明显影响。大鼠腓肠肌的FD值为（1.39±0．11）us。结论刺激及操作条件对电刺激单纤雏肌电图的检测结果有影响。SFEMG可客观、准确地反映外周神经纤维、神经．肌肉接头、肌纤维的状态，对基础医学及临床医学的研究具有重要的应用价值。     

34例运动神经元病的肌电图与神经电图分析

目的:探讨运动神经元疾病(MND)患者的神经电生理改变及肌电图(EMG)的诊断价值。方法:对34例MND患者进行肌电图及神经传导速度检查。结果:肌电图除3例正常外,其余表现为神经源性损害,运动神经传导速度轻度减慢,感觉神经传导速度正常,纤颤电位、束颤电位与病程有关。结论:肌电图检查对提高临床诊断MND有重要价值。     

34例运动神经元病的肌电图与神经电图分析

目的:探讨运动神经元疾病(MND)患者的神经电生理改变及肌电图(EMG)的诊断价值。方法:对34例MND患者进行肌电图及神经传导速度检查。结果:肌电图除3例正常外,其余表现为神经源性损害,运动神经传导速度轻度减慢,感觉神经传导速度正常,纤颤电位、束颤电位与病程有关。结论:肌电图检查对提高临床诊断MND有重要价值。     

慢性乙醇中毒性周围神经病大鼠的单纤维肌电图研究

目的观察单纤维肌电图（single fiber electromyography，SFEMG）对慢性乙醇中毒性周围神经病的早期诊断作用。方法建立慢性乙醇中毒性周围神经病大鼠模型，在实验开始后第8，12，16周对大鼠腓肠肌进行SFEMG检测，观察肌纤维密度（FD）、颤抖值（jitter）的变化。结果第8周，第12周SFEMG对乙醇组大鼠坐骨神经检测结果未见异常；第16周SFEMG检测结果显示乙醇组大鼠的MCD和FD值均增大，与对照组比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．05），并且出现电位对阻滞。结沦SFEMG可用于早期诊断慢性乙醇中毒性周围神经病，灵敏性较高.     

运动神经元病的临床及神经电生理分析

目的：探讨神经电生理分析对运动神经元病(MND)诊断的临床价值。方法应用肌电图检测对23例MND患者神经电生理数据资料进行研究,并与对照组健康人40例进行比较分析。结果该院23例患者中,静息时出现纤颤电位19例(82.61%),正锐波17例(73.91%),肌肉轻收缩时运动电位的时限延长18例(78.26%),多相波波幅增高11例(47.83%),大力收缩时的电压增高22例(95.65%)。四肢肌肉的异常情况为71.33%,拇短展肌的异常情况为71.43%,胸锁乳突肌的异常情况为92.11%,MND组与对照组四肢MEP中枢运动传导时间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MND组MEP值显著高于对照组。结论神经电生理技术的应用和推广,对诊断运动神经元病(MND)具有重要的临床价值,其中肌电图检测是诊断MND的重要手段。     

慢性酒精中毒性肌病的电生理表现

目的探讨慢性酒精中毒性肌病的电生理改变特点.方法对26例慢性酒精中毒性肌病、13例慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病、21例慢性酒精中毒性神经和肌肉混合损害患者,以及20例正常受试者,检测肌电图、单纤维肌电图、肌纤维传导速度、周围神经传导速度和诱发电位.结果肌病组患者9例呈肌源性肌电图异常改变,周围神经病组患者7例为神经源性改变,混合损害组患者中有4例同时出现两种类型改变.与正常对照受试者比较,各组患者神经肌肉颤抖值均增大(P＜0.05),纤维密度增加(P＜0.05),周围神经病组患者的神经肌肉颤抖值和纤维密度改变尤为显著(P＜0.01).肌病组患者肌纤维传导速度明显减慢(P＜0.05),其余两组患者无显著变化(P＞0.05).周围神经病和混合损害组患者中,感觉神经传导速度减慢28例(82.35%).结论肌电图检查和神经传导速度测定可帮助鉴别酒精中毒性肌病和周围神经病,肌纤维传导速度的异常可确定肌肉病变.     

肌电图检查在运动神经元疾病临床诊断中的应用

目的:探讨肌电图对运动神经元病(MND)的临床诊断价值。方法:肌电图对现病史、临床表现和神经电生理检查测定证实的MND患者进行伸指总肌SFEMG测定,并与年龄匹配的正常人对照。结果:肌电图表现为神经源性损害,运动神经传导速度轻度减慢,感觉神经传导速度正常,纤颤电位、束颤电位与病程有关。结论:肌电图检查对提高临床诊断运动神经元病有重要临床诊疗价值。     

57例运动神经元病临床与肌电图关系的研究

目的:探讨运动神经元病的临床特点;分析胸段脊旁肌、胸锁乳突肌、肢体肌肌电图及神经电图在运动神经元病中的诊断价值;方法: 回顾分析临床确诊为运动神经元病(MND)的57例患者的临床资料,临床初步诊断,统计病程、临床分型不同的病例胸锁乳突肌、胸段脊旁肌及肢体肌肌电图并对其进行分析.结果: 57例MND病例均表现广泛神经源性损害.不同临床分型的胸锁乳突肌、胸段脊旁肌肌电图有统计学差异(P<0.05);不同肌群之间的纤颤电位和正锐波程度有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论: MND病情进展迅速并且预后极差,目前缺乏有效的可逆转性的治疗手段,因此早期正确的诊断对于MND患者至关重要.早期行肌肉电生理检查有助于对MND疾病的早期确诊.常规检测胸锁乳突肌、胸段脊旁肌肌电图有助于MND早期诊断.     

单纤维肌电图在重症肌无力患者诊断中价值探讨

目的研究单纤维肌电图（SFEMG）对重症肌无力（MG）患者诊断的价值。方法对41位重症肌无力患者被检肌肉进行单纤维肌电图检测。结果 41例重症肌无力患者的单纤维肌电图检查结果正常5例（12.20%）,颤抖时间延长36例（87.80%）,阻滞28例（68.22%）。结论单纤维肌电图是诊断重症肌无力敏感性较高的检测方法。     

CHANGES OF SINGLE FIBER ELECTROMYOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES

Objective To assess the significance of single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) in diagnosis of inflammatory myopathies and the correlation with other assistant examination findings.Methods SFEMG were recorded from the extensor digitorum communis of 34 patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis and compared with the fmdings of routine electromyography (EMG), serum creatine kinase (CK) determination,and muscle biopsy.Results SFEMG recordings in 34 patients were all abnormal. The prominent feature was markedly increased fiber density (FD) with normally or mildly increased jitter. FD ranged from 1.0 to 6.0 (2.34±0.43). Jitter ranged from 5 to 78μs (41.6±10.3 μs). The potential pairs with jitter values greater than 55 μs ranged from 0% to 55% (7.7% ± 11.8%). Block was detected at one recording site in only one patient. Routine EMG demonstrated myogenic lesions in only 24 patients (70.6%). FD was a little higher in the normal-EMG subgroup or the neurogenic-EMG subgroup than myogenic-EMG subgroup but without statistical significance. Elevated CK levels were found in 75% patients (24/32). FD in the normal CK subgroup was significantly higher than that in the elevated CK subgroup (2.62±0.40 vs. 2.28±0.40, P ＜ 0.05). Muscle pathologies were consistent with the diagnosis of myositis in 75% (15/20).Conclusion SFEMG is of great value in the diagnosis and disease process understanding of inflammatory myopathies for the clinically suspected patients with normal routine EMG, CK levels, and muscle biopsies.     

Single fiber electromyography in 78 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Background Single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) is a sensitive technique for detecting abnormalities in neuromuscular transmission and is mainly used in the diagnosis of neuromuscular junction disorders, such as myasthenia gravis. While the process of denervation-reinnervation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can also result in immature collateral nerve terminals and instability of neuromuscular transmission, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes and clinical values of SFEMG in patients with ALS.Methods Volitional SFEMG was performed on the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) of 78 patients with ALS (men 52, women 26) who had been previously diagnosed by history, clinical features, and neurophysiological studies. The mean jitter, the percentage of jitter &gt;55 μs, the impulse blocking percentage, and fiber density (FD) were determined. These results were compared to normal controls. In addition, the SFEMG indices were analyzed for correlations with the duration of ALS, the EDC strength score on the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, and spontaneous activity detected by EMG studies. Results SFEMG indices were abnormal in all patients with ALS. Mean jitter ranged from 30 to 178 μs (mean 80.2 μs); the percentage of jitter &gt;55 μs ranged from 5% to 100% (mean 60.5%). In addition, the impulse blocking percentage ranged from 0% to 90% (mean 28.1%) and FD ranged from 1.4 to 4.1 (mean 2.6). Mean jitter, the percentage of jitter &gt;55 μs, and the blocking percentage in 57 patients with definite or probable ALS were significantly higher than in patients with possible or suspected ALS. MRC scores of the EDC negatively correlated with mean jitter, the percentage of jitter &gt;55 μs, blocking percentage, and FD. Conclusions SFEMG is the most sensitive tool for diagnosing definite or probable ALS. Increased jitter, blocking percentage, and FD can indicate the degree of immature collateral sprouts and motor end plates resulting from the progressive denervation and reinnervation associated with ALS, and may be helpful in evaluating prognosis.     

Single-fiber Electromyography in the Extensor Digitorum Communis for the Predictive Prognosis of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: A Retrospective Study of 102 Cases

Background:

Single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) abnormality in the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) was reported in ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG), which indicated subclinical involvement beyond extraocular muscles in OMG patients. The relationship between the abnormal findings of SFEMG in EDC and the probability for OMG to develop generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) is unknown. This retrospective study aimed to determine the predictive value of abnormality of SFEMG in EDC of OMG patients.

Methods:

One-hundred and two OMG patients underwent standard clinical diagnosis process and SFEMG test in EDC muscle when diagnosed and were clinically followed up for 5 years. The SFEMG data were compared between different clinical groups according to thymus status, onset age, and different outcome of OMG developing. Chances of progressing to GMG were compared between two different groups according to SFEMG and repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) results, acetylcholine receptor antibody (AchRAb) titer, thymus status, and onset age.

Results:

Abnormal SFEMG results were observed in 84 (82.4%) patients. The mean jitter, percentage of jitter >55 μs (%), and blocking were higher in OMG patients than in healthy volunteers. There were no statistical differences in jitter analysis between thymoma group and non-thymoma group (P = 0.65), or between the later OMG group and the later GMG group (P = 0.31), including mean jitter, percentage of jitter >55 μs (%), and blocking. Elderly group (≥45 years old) had a higher mean jitter than younger group (t = 2.235, P = 0.028). Total 55 OMG developed GMG, including 47 in abnormal SFEMG group while 8 in normal SFEMG group. There was no statistical difference in the conversion rates between the two groups (χ² = 0.790, P = 0.140). RNS abnormality, AchRab titer, or onset age had no correlation with OMG prognosis (P = 0.150, 0.070, 0.120, respectively) while thymoma did (χ² = 0.510, P = 0.020).

Conclusion:

SFEMG test in the EDC showed high abnormality in OMG, suggesting subclinical involvement other than extraocular muscles. Nevertheless, the abnormal jitter analysis did not predict the prognosis of OMG according to clinical follow-up.     

运动神经元病神经肌电图检查的临床研究进展

神经肌电图检查在运动神经元病的诊断和鉴别诊断中起重要的作用,也是了解运动神经元病患者神经病理生理变化的重要手段。在此就运动神经元病的常规肌电图、神经电图以及F波、重复神经电刺激、单纤肌电图、运动单位估数等神经肌电图检查的变化特点,及其在运动神经元病诊断、鉴别诊断和病情评估中的应用价值等方面的研究进展予以综述。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者神经肌肉功能因素对呼吸暂停时程影响的相关研究

目的通过对不同长短呼吸暂停事件的下颌表面肌电分析,探讨神经肌肉因素对呼吸暂停事件时间长短的影响。方法睡眠监测并同步行表面肌电图诊断为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)的64例男性患者,比较不同长短呼吸暂停事件时下颌肌电补偿值的差异。结果不同长短呼吸暂停的下颌肌电补偿值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论神经肌肉功能因素对呼吸暂停时程有一定的影响,较差的肌肉反应性可能导致更长的呼吸暂停。     

超声心动图评价初发甲状腺功能亢进症患者左室舒张功能

目的联合运用多个指标观察评价初发甲状腺功能亢进症患者左室舒张功能。方法对41例初发甲状腺功能亢进症患者与45例健康对照者,采用超声心动图评估左室舒张功能的传统指标〔包括Valsalva动作前、后二尖瓣血流频谱,肺静脉血流频谱,二尖瓣环组织多普勒速度,左心房容积指数(LAVI)等〕评价甲状腺功能亢进症初期左室舒张功能有无改变。结果①甲状腺功能亢进症组患者心率、左室射血分数大于对照组(P<0.05);②两组LAVI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);静息状态下两组二尖瓣口血流频谱峰值血流速度比值(E/A)>1,Valsalva动作后两组二尖瓣口血流频谱峰值血流速度比值(E’/A’)<1,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);甲状腺功能亢进症组A波持续时间(A duration)大于对照组(P<0.05);③甲状腺功能亢进症组肺静脉血流频谱舒张早期D波(D)、舒张晚期负向波(Ar)、Ar波持续时间(Ar duration)大于对照组(P均<0.05);肺静脉逆向血流Ar波与二尖瓣血流A波持续时间的差值(Ar-A duration)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);甲状腺功能亢进症组收缩期S波(S)/D<1,对照组S/D>1,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);④甲状腺功能亢进症组二尖瓣环组织多普勒频谱舒张早期Em峰(Em)、舒张晚期Am峰(Am)比值(Em/Am)<1,对照组Em/Am>1,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);甲状腺功能亢进症组E/Em>8,对照组E/Em<8,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论①初发甲状腺功能亢进症患者较之正常组,左室松弛障碍、充盈压升高,左房压及左室舒张末压升高,提示甲状腺功能亢进症组左室舒张功能受损。②联合超声心动图肺静脉血流频谱及组织多普勒、Valsalva动作后二尖瓣血流频谱等多项指标检测舒张功能具有较高敏感性。     

恒牙期安氏Ⅰ类错[牙合]低角垂直骨面型肌电研究

目的：探讨恒牙期安氏Ⅰ类错[牙合]低角垂直骨面型患者肌电特点,为正畸临床提供参考。方法：随机选取恒牙期安氏Ⅰ类错[牙合]患者共64例（低角28例、均角36例）,拍摄X线头颅侧位定位片,应用Wineeph8．0软件进行头影测量分析,利用表面电极,采集肌电图信号,比较各组不同状态下咬肌、二腹肌前腹肌电特点。结果：（1）二腹肌前腹在下颌姿势位、牙尖交错位最大紧咬（空咬）以及祭咬树脂垫（高度2mm）、小开颌、最大开口位及吞咽运动状态下,低角组肌电峰值均大于均角组,有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）咬肌咀嚼运动时,低角组在闲口相、咬合接触相以及食物粉碎相肌电峰值均大于对照组,有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,开口相、食物保持相、牙尖交错位,低角组咬肌肌电峰值有大于对照组的趋势,但无统计学意义。（3）咬肌咀嚼运动时,低角组在开口相、食物保持相、牙尖交错位咀嚼周期时程小于对照组（P〈0．05）。闭口相、咬合接触相以及食物粉碎相时程差异均无统计学意义。结论：恒牙期安氏Ⅰ类错[牙合]低角垂直骨面型患者在二腹肌前腹、咬肌的肌肉电生理上存在差异。     

63例声带白斑的嗓音分析

目的:寻找声带白斑嗓音分析中敏感指标,探讨嗓音分析对于诊断声带白斑的临床意义.方法:使用Dr.Speech软件对63例声带白斑患者(男47例,女16例)进行嗓音分析,计算基频微扰(Jitter)、幅度微扰(Shimmer)、声门噪声能量(NNE)、谐噪比(HNR)及基频值(Fo),并按不同性别与各自正常对照组(均30例)和声带息肉患者(均30例)嗓音分析的各指标进行对比.结果:男性声带白斑患者的Jitter、Shimmer明显高于正常男性对照组和男性声带息肉患者;HNR低于正常男性对照组,高于声带息肉男性组;NNE低于正常男性对照组和男性声带息肉患者(P均＜0.05);Fo与正常男性对照组和男性声带息肉患者间无统计学差异.女性声带白斑患者的嗓音分析结果与男性类似.结论:Jitter、Shimmer、NNE、HNR指标可作为声带白斑嗓音分析的敏感指标,其中Jitter和Shimmer特异性最强,可作为声带白斑的诊断及疗效评价的参考指标.