广西90年代胃癌死亡流行分布研究

目的：为了掌握广西９０年代胃癌死亡水平、流行分布特征及流行趋势。方法：按分层整群随机抽样原则抽取１０个县（市）进行死因回顾性调查。结果：胃癌粗死亡率为１１．７６／１０万（男１５．０３／１０万，女８．２３／１０万），男女性别比为１．８３∶１。胃癌占恶性肿瘤死亡的１４．６９％，居第二位。年龄别死亡专率随着年龄的增长而上升。结论：７０年代胃癌标化死亡率为５．２０／１０万，而９０年代为９．４７／１０万，呈明显上升趋势，增长幅度达８２．１２％。     

广西90年代初儿童恶性肿瘤死亡分析

目的：为了解广西儿童恶性肿瘤死亡的一些流行病学特征。方法：用“ＳＴＡＴＡ２”软件包对１９９０～１９９２年广西儿童恶性肿瘤死亡资料进行分析。结果：粗死亡率为５．６０／１０万（男性５．９３／１０万，女性５．２４／１０万），占儿童总死亡的２．１３％，男女性别比为１．２５∶１。死亡年龄中位数为６．５４岁（男性６．７４岁，女性６．２９岁）。累积死亡率为０．０８８％（男性０．０９３％，女性０．０８２％）。最常见的死因分别为白血病（３．２１／１０万）、脑肿瘤（０．７６／１０万）、肝癌（０．５２／１０万），占儿童恶性肿瘤死亡的８０．１％。结论：恶性肿瘤尚不能成为广西儿童死亡的主要原因     

乌鲁木齐市区居民1991～1992年恶性肿瘤死亡率水平分析

乌鲁木齐市区居民１９９１～１９９２年恶性肿瘤死亡率为６５．７５／１０万，标化死亡率为８６．３５／１０万。其中男性恶性肿瘤死亡率为８３．３４／１０万，标化死亡率为６７．７７／１０万，女性恶性肿瘤死亡率为４６．７５／１０万，标化率为５２．４６／１０万。死因顺位中，位居前５位的恶性肿瘤在男性依次为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食道癌和白血病；在女性依次为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食道癌和乳腺癌。不同民族中，汉族恶性肿瘤死亡率高于维吾尔族。     

青岛市市北区1990～1992年恶性肿瘤死亡调查分析

①目的了解青岛市市北区恶性肿瘤死亡现状。②方法采取回顾性调查的方法，对青岛市市北区１０个街道办事处在１９９０～１９９２年全部死亡人口逐一人户调查，对各类恶性肿瘤死亡者分别统计，并就死亡谱、年龄性别分布及期望寿命等做了分析。③结果３年内共死亡３３２７人，年平均死亡率为６．１１‰，３年中恶性肿瘤死亡９２９人，其死亡率为１７０，５６／１０万，标化死亡率９３．９２／１０万，男性１９２．０２／１０万，女性１４８．００／１０万，在各类死因中位居第１位。死亡率前３位依次为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌。恶性肿瘤死亡率较７０年代初期明显上升，以肺癌上升显著，而宫颈癌明显下降。④结论青岛市市北区恶性肿瘤死亡率明显上升。     

广东省揭阳县1985—1997年恶性肿瘤死亡分析

揭阳县地处潮汕平原及丘陵地带，有130多万人口，我们对1985－1987年三年的死亡原因进行回顾调查，并对恶性肿瘤死亡者复查统计分析：全县三年死于恶性肿瘤共6127例，年平均死亡粗率为153．82／10万，截缩死亡粗率395．82／10万，中国标化死亡率133．95／10万，世界标化死亡率183．23／10万；中国人口截缩标化死亡率82．90／10万，揭阳恶性肿瘤死亡居各类死因之首；男比女高（2：1）。食管癌是恶性肿瘤死亡率中第一位，其次为胃癌，肝癌，肠癌等[1]。在恶性肿瘤死亡的年龄分布上，多数随年龄增长而上升。     

乌鲁木齐市2000年恶性肿瘤死亡率预测

目的：通过对乌鲁木齐市居民２０００年恶性肿瘤死亡率的预测，为恶性肿瘤的预防和控制策略与措施的研究提供科学依据。方法：系统收集乌鲁木齐市居民恶性肿瘤死亡资料，用灰色系统理论，对本市２０００年恶性肿瘤死亡率进行短期预测。结果：到２０００年，乌鲁木齐市居民恶性肿瘤死亡率由１９９３年的５９．０／１０万上升为９１．３／１０万。其中男性肿瘤死亡率由１９９３年的７６．３／１０万上升为１２４．２／１０万，女性肿瘤死亡率由４１．０／１０万上升为５８．０／１０万。肺癌死亡率由１９９３年的１４．３／１０万到２０００年时上升为２７．０／１０万，是上升速度最快而且幅度最大的肿瘤。结论：预测结果说明乌鲁木齐市居民恶性肿瘤死亡率将继续上升；肺癌、胃癌及食道癌仍将是危害人民群众身心健康的主要恶性肿瘤     

福建省恶性肿瘤死亡率的变化

目的 了解福建省恶性肿瘤死亡率变化及其趋势。方法 采用福建省１９８６￣１９９５年的全死因抽样调查资料对城市和农村的恶性肿瘤死亡进行流行病学分析,并用灰色系统ＧＭ（１,１）模型对福建省２０１年恶性肿瘤流行趋势作出预测。结果 城市恶性肿瘤死亡率从１９８６年的１３０．２／１０万下降到１９９５年的１０９．２／１０万,同期农村从７９．９／１０万上升到１１０．０／１０万。预测到２００１年福建省城市和农村恶性肿     

橡胶厂工人恶性肿瘤死亡回顾性定群研究

对许昌市２个橡胶厂１９８０年１２月３１日在厂工作满１ａ的１ １９５名工人进行了恶性肿瘤回顾性定群研究。共观察１５ ６５５人年，观察期间死亡７９人，其中癌亡３人，居第１位。其全癌、男、女恶性肿瘤死亡率分别为１４６．９２／１０万、２２７．７４／１０万、４３．６５／１０万。与河南省１５县市１９８７￣１９９２年恶性肿瘤死亡率进行比较，几种恶性肿瘤ＳＭＲ均无显著意义。结果提示：尚不能完全肯定橡胶行业恶性肿瘤     

原发性肝癌流行病学研究10年

目的：了解肝癌在瑞金地区的流行程度。方法：对１９８８～１９９７年住院门诊肝癌病人进行死亡回顾调查。结果：瑞金的肝癌发病有逐年上升趋势,从１９８８年的２．７４／１０万上升到１９９７年的４．４９／１０万,肝癌发病占全部癌症的１６．３％。１０年来的资料表明瑞金地区肝癌平均死亡率为３．３３／１０万,男女之比约２．９：１,平均发病年龄约为４９岁,３１～５１岁约占７０％。肝癌发病与ＨＢＶ感染紧密相关,精神创伤和饮酒可能是肝癌有关的危险因素。结论表明肝癌对瑞金地区人民健康危害甚大,成为重要杀手。     

乌鲁木齐市2000年恶性肿瘤死亡率预测

通过对乌鲁木齐市居民２０００年恶性肿瘤死率的预测，为恶性肿瘤的预防和控制策略与措施的研究提供科学依据。方法：系统收集乌鲁木齐市居民恶性肿瘤死亡资料，用灰色系统理论，对本市２０００年恶性肿瘤死亡率进行短期预测。结果；到２０００年，乌鲁木齐市居民恶性肿瘤死亡由１９９３年的５９．０／１０万上升为９１．３／１０万。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.