颅咽管瘤β-连接素表达及其基因突变分析

目的分析不同病理类型颅咽管瘤的β-连接素表达特征及基因外显子3突变的意义。方法研究我院自2004年1月至2006年1月共23例颅咽管瘤标本,其中造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤20例、鳞状乳头型3例,应用免疫组化方法检测β-连接素表达特征,同时分析其基因外显子3的突变情况。结果免疫组化结果显示,β-连接素在造釉细胞瘤型颅咽管瘤的细胞核及细胞浆中表达,而在鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤中仅见细胞膜表达;基因突变分析显示,40%的造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤β-连接素基因在外显子3上发生突变,鳞状乳头型无此突变。结论造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤和鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤不仅在临床病理上,而且在分子水平也存在差异。β-连接素基因外显子3的突变在造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤的发生、发展中可能起一定作用。     

颅咽管瘤中BCL-2蛋白的表达及意义

目的　分析颅咽管瘤中凋亡抑制基因BCL - 2在蛋白水平的表达 ,探讨其在颅咽管瘤生长机制中的意义。方法　选取经手术及病理证实的颅咽管瘤 4 9例 ,采用免疫组化法检测BCL 2蛋白的表达。结果　BCL 2的阳性表达程度在不同病理类型的颅咽管瘤上有显著差异 ,造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤的表达强度显著高于鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤 (P <0 0 1)。结论　BCL 2在不同病理类型的颅咽管瘤中的表达呈现明显的区别 ,提示 :凋亡调控机制的失控可能是造釉型颅咽管瘤生长的重要机制之一 ;胚胎残余组织的继续增殖学说更能解释造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤的起源可能。     

炎症相关因子IFN-α及TGF-β1在颅咽管瘤的表达及意义

目的探讨炎症相关因子IFN-α、TGF-β1与颅咽管瘤炎症反应的关系。方法采用免疫组化GTVisionTM法检测α-干扰素(interferon-α,IFN-α)、转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factorβ1,TGF-β1)在58例颅咽管瘤组织中的表达情况,比较不同病理类型颅咽管瘤、复发组及初发组颅咽管瘤组织中IFN-α、TGF-β1的表达水平。结果造釉细胞型及复发颅咽管瘤IFN-α表达广泛。44例造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤有40例IFN-α表达阳性(90.91%),鳞状乳头型14例中有12例表达阳性,造釉细胞型IFN-α阳性表达率明显高于鳞状乳头型(Z=-2.003,P<0.05)。16例复发颅咽管瘤均有IFN-α阳性表达,阳性表达率高于初发组(Z=-2.085,P<0.05)。TGF-β1在鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤明显表达,14例中有10例阳性表达,而造釉细胞型44例仅有14例表达阳性(Z=-2.129,P<0.05)。经Spearman相关分析,在全部颅咽管瘤中,IFN-α与TGF-β1表达程度呈负相关(rs=-0.273,P<0.05)。结论颅咽管瘤存在复杂的炎症反应,炎症相关因子IFN-α、TGF-β1可能参与颅咽管瘤细胞的生长调控,两者之间可能存在拮抗作用。     

不同类型颅咽管瘤的组织炎症和细胞增殖性

目的研究不同病理类型颅咽管瘤的组织炎症及细胞增殖性对预后的影响.方法对30例经手术切除的颅咽管瘤组织采用免疫组织化学SP法检测白细胞共同抗原CD45和细胞周期相关核抗原Ki-67的抗体MIB-1的表达,分别计算CD45标记指数(CD45 LI)和MIB-1标记指数(MIB-1 LI).结果CD45标记的炎症反应在颅咽管瘤组织中广泛存在,MIB-1主要在颅咽管瘤基底细胞层表达.造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤组织CD45 LI(32.4%±15.0%)及细胞MIB-1 LI(18.2%±8.7%)显著性高于鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤(分别为13.6±7.6%、7.1%±4.9%,P＜0.05).结论颅咽管瘤造釉细胞性较鳞状乳头型具有更强的组织炎症和细胞增殖性,可能是影响其预后的原因.     

颅咽管瘤中基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2的表达及意义

目的探讨颅咽管瘤局部侵袭性生长的生物学机制。方法使用免疫组织化学S-P法检测基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2在14例颅咽管瘤细胞中的表达。结果2例乳头型、9例造釉细胞型及1例混合型颅咽管瘤均有不同程度的表达。MMP-2阳性染色主要位于肿瘤细胞的胞质中,尤其以鳞状上皮的棘细胞和造釉上皮的近基底层细胞的表达最为明显。1例囊状复发及1例γ-刀术后造釉细胞瘤型未见表达。结论3种类型颅咽管瘤细胞均能产生MMP-2,提示MMP-2可能是颅咽管瘤局部侵袭的机制之一。     

miR-200家族及侵袭相关基因ZEB1、ZEB2和CTNNB1在颅咽管瘤组织中的表达及意义

目的 检测miR-200家族及侵袭相关基因ZEB1、ZEB2和CTNNB1在颅咽管瘤组织中的表达并初步探讨其在颅咽管瘤侵袭性生长中的作用.方法 收集四川大学华西医院自2017年6月-2018年12月经手术切除的造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤(ACP)30例和鳞状上皮乳头型颅咽管瘤(PCP)30例的新鲜标本,手术切除的失活脑组织作为...     

颅咽管瘤钙化程度与骨桥蛋白的关系

目的通过检测颅咽管瘤组织中骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达量来分析OPN与颅咽管瘤钙化的关系。方法收集本单位自2004年5月至2006年3月手术的颅咽管瘤标本共54例,根据术中所见及影像学结果分析钙化程度,采用HE染色分析组织类型,免疫组化SP法检测OPN的表达情况;结合临床资料分析钙化程度与OPN表达强度的关系。结果肿瘤分两种类型即成釉细胞型(41例),鳞状细胞型(13例)。经Mann-WhitneyU检验分析,OPN表达程度在成釉细胞型与鳞状细胞型之间存在显著性差异(Z=-4.813,P<0.001),成釉细胞型颅咽管瘤的表达显著高于鳞状细胞型颅咽管瘤。经Spearman相关分析,在成釉细胞型中随着钙化程度的增加,OPN表达程度显著增强(rs=0.533,P<0.01)。结论OPN与颅咽管瘤的钙化密切相关,推测是影响颅咽管瘤钙化程度的重要因素。     

趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4与造釉型颅咽管瘤侵袭、复发的相关性研究

目的探讨趋化因子及其受体(CXCL12/CXCR4)在造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤中的表达并分析其与肿瘤侵袭、复发的相关性。方法应用免疫组化法和western blot方法对20例造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤标本(原发组11例,复发组9例)中CXCL12/CXCR4的表达进行检测。结果 CXCL12/CXCR4在复发组造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤中的阳性表达明显高于原发组(P<0.05)。结论 CXCL12/CXCR4可能在造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤侵袭、复发过程中起重要的作用。CXCL12/CXCR4可能成为评价造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤侵袭性生长和复发的标记物。     

儿童颅咽管瘤的手术治疗

儿童颅咽管瘤是最常见的小儿颅内肿瘤之一，约占１６％。在临床表现、治疗、预后等方面，儿童与成人颅咽管瘤有一定差异，最大区别在于不同的病理类型（１）：儿童为釉齿质型（近乎１００％），成人为釉齿质型（６８％）和鳞状乳头上皮型（３２％）。釉齿质型颅咽管瘤全部...     

uPA和VEGF与儿童造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤复发的相关性研究

目的 探讨尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达与造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤复发的关系.方法 应用免疫组化检测48例造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤标本(原发组28例,复发组20例)中uPA和VEGF的表达.结果 造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤中,uPA在复发组的总阳性表达率95.0％,明显高于原发组的42.9％(Z=-3.396,P＜0.05);VEGF在复发组的总阳性表达率90.0％,明显高于原发组的64.3％(Z=-2.909,P＜0.05).复发组造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤中uPA与VEGF表达呈正相关(r=0.534,P＜0.05),原发组造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤中uPA与VEGF表达无明显相关性(r=-0.105,P＞0.05).结论 高水平的uPA和VEGF能协同促进细胞外基质的降解和血管生成的,促进肿瘤的复发转移,可以作为儿童造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤重要的生物学行为预测和预后指标.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Modelling of movement of the lamprey: Control of oscillators

This article discusses the control methods of the central pattern generator (CPG). First a control model of the CPG is presented using 2 oscillators, and we suggest that phasic modulation to the CPG by means of phasic information is effective for controlling the phase difference between oscillators. Next, two models for controlling the CPG of a lamprey are proposed. One model describes a control system from the brain stem, in which the reticulospinal neurons control the CPG by receiving feedback signals and sending control signals to the neck region of the CPG. The other is a model for learning an localized control system to generate a desired motor pattern. By means of these models, a role of the efference copy is suggested.     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：对门诊72例服用氟哌啶醇及74例服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：利培酮组患者治疗后生活质量有所提高,而氟哌啶醇组患者生活质量有所下降。结论：利培酮治疗有利于患者提高生活质量。     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Effect of high simple dose of cisplatinum and of radiation on the brain of rabbit

Abstract

In former studies of intracarotid and intravenous administration of cisplatinum, separate and combined with brain irradiation, we found no cerebral damage. In this study! gradually increasing high doses (above the therapeutic ones) of cisplatinum were administered intravenously to one series of rabbits arid increasing high amounts of irradiation (above the therapeutic amounts) were given to another series. Although the rabbits that received highest doses of irradiation developed areas of alopecia and skin ulcers on the head! the general clinical and histopathologic examination of the rabbits brains in both series was normal. The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of high doses of intravenous cisplatinum and irradiation on the rabbits brains. [Neural Res 1997; 19: 216–218]