2667例患者结直肠息肉诊治及随访分析

目的观察结直肠息肉在诊治过程中的漏诊、复发、再发情况及其相关因素。方法对2005年3月至2015年3月在江苏省人民医院接受肠镜检查或治疗的患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,记录性别、年龄、息肉大小、数目、部位、形态、治疗方式及医师操作例数、退镜时间、肠道准备情况等临床资料,计算息肉漏诊率、复发率及再发率,分析所得数据与影响因素间的关系。结果可统计的464例患者中共发现息肉1 446枚,息肉漏诊率为23.6%,患者漏诊率为37.1%。直径5 mm、位于右侧结肠、无蒂息肉易漏诊,医师经验不足(500例)、息肉多发、退镜时间不充分(6 min)均为导致漏诊率增加的独立危险因素。2 203例患者中发现复发94例,年龄≥65岁、男性、多发息肉患者、左侧结肠、较大息肉易复发(P0.05),ESD及EMR复发率最低,钳夹最高。5年内再发患者899例,再发率为40.8%,其中35.7%于1年内再发,68.3%于2年内再发。≥65岁、男性、多发息肉患者、全结肠息肉易再发,再发率与息肉大小无关。结论结肠镜检查中需认真细致,减少漏诊,治疗中正确选用不同的内镜手术方式,耐心、仔细地对多发息肉、小息肉、不同部位的息肉等进行检查及治疗,提高肠道准备质量及内镜医师的诊疗水平,保证退镜时间充分,避免息肉残留及降低息肉漏诊率和再发率。     

湖北地区老年人腰围及体质量指数与高血压的相关性研究

目的探讨湖北地区老年人腰围及体质量指数(BMI)与高血压的相关性。方法于2013年2~10月采用分层多阶段随机抽样的方法,对湖北地区5个城区及5个农村年龄60~89岁居民5417例进行调查研究。男性2672例,女性2745例;60~69岁2450例,70~79岁2167例,80~89岁800例。通过问卷调查、体格检查的方式收集调查对象的个人基本情况、腰围、基础代谢等所需要的资料,并进行分析。结果 5417例入选者中,高血压2170例,患病率为40.1%。男性与女性在高血压发病率比较有统计学差异(38.2%%vs 41.8%,χ2=7.199,P0.05)。60~69、70~79、80~89岁高血压发病率比较有统计学差异(32.5%vs 44.4%vs 51.4%,χ2=118.437,P=0.000)。性别(OR=7.511,P=0.000)、身体脂肪率(OR=1.035,P=0.000)、内脏脂肪指数(OR=1.925,P=0.000)均为BMI的危险因素,年龄为BMI的保护因素(OR=0.938,95%CI:0.926~0.950,P=0.000)。对于男性,身体脂肪率(OR=1.021,P=0.001)、内脏脂肪指数(OR=1.438,P=0.000)为腰围的危险因素;对于女性,身体脂肪率(OR=1.094,P=0.000)、内脏脂肪指数(OR=1.448,P=0.000)为腰围的危险因素,年龄为腰围的保护因素。结论湖北地区老年人超重及肥胖形势严峻,腰围及BMI与高血压关系密切。     

河北省邢台市干部职工冠心病危险因素及归因分析

目的归因分析河北省邢台市干部职工冠心病的危险因素。方法自行设计流行病学调查表,对河北省邢台市20 232名在职和离退休干部职工进行问卷调查、体格检查和生化检测。对冠心病患病率的比较应用χ~2检验,危险因素应用logistic回归分析。结果河北省邢台市干部职工冠心病的患病率为4.56%(924/20 232)。青年期男性冠心病的患病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=40.273,P=0.000)。到中年和老年以后,男性冠心病的患病率与女性冠心病的患病率基本接近,差异均无统计学意义(χ~2=2.860,1.481,P=0.091,0.224)。总体冠心病的患病率男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.561,P<0.001)。冠心病患病的危险因素为年龄(OR=4.489)、性别(OR=4.452)、血脂异常(OR=41.961)、高血压(OR=68.196)、糖尿病(OR=13.851)、肥胖(OR=23.576)、吸烟(OR=17.193)、饮酒(OR=4.305)、运动量小(OR=3.342)、高脂饮食(OR=23.007)、高糖饮食(OR=20.395)、髙盐饮食(OR=6.867)、嗜好饱食(OR=12.016)和家族史(OR=13.471)。结论河北省邢台市干部职工冠心病的患病率较高,冠心病的患病与危险因素密切相关。     

少肌症与老年高血压的相关性临床研究

目的探讨少肌症与老年高血压的相关性。方法选择年龄≥65岁老年人197例,其中125例原发性高血压患者为高血压组,72例健康体检者为对照组,分别测定2组入选者身高、体质量、四肢骨骼肌质量、血糖、血脂水平,并进行比较分析。结果高血压组四肢骨骼肌质量、相对骨骼肌质量指数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(14.62±3.25)kg vs(19.25±1.41)kg,P=0.000;(5.52±1.37)kg/m~2 vs(7.10±0.85)kg/m~2,P=0.000]。高血压组少肌症患病率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(72.0%vs 47.2%,P=0.001)。男性少肌症患病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(91.30%vs 38.10%,P=0.000)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,少肌症、女性、年龄为老年高血压的危险因素(OR=23.32,95%CI:5.349~101.632,P=0.000;OR=19.40,95%CI:4.438~84.794,P=0.000;OR=1.38,95%CI:1.034~1.837,P=0.029)。结论老年高血压与四肢骨骼肌质量密切相关,老年男性更易患少肌症,少肌症是引起高血压的1个危险因素。     

女性急性心肌梗死患者的临床特点及预后分析

目的评价女性与男性急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的临床特点及预后。方法连续入选AMI患者284例,男216例,女68例,比较女性与男性患者临床特点、合并症、PCI及院内预后的差异,随访3个月主要不良心血管事件(MACE),评价影响患者死亡及MACE的危险因素。结果与男性比较,女性患者年龄偏大、入院时心率偏快、TIMI分级及GRACE评分明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。女性冠状动脉造影比例明显降低(30.9%vs 48.6%,P=0.012);院内死亡有增高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(17.6%vs 9.3%,P=0.077),3个月MACE发生率高于男性(27.9%vs 15.7%,P=0.032)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.078,95%CI:1.035¹.123,P=0.000)和Killip分级(OR=1.901,95%CI:1.3731.123,P=0.000)和Killip分级(OR=1.901,95%CI:1.373².633,P=0.000)是院内死亡的独立危险因素;年龄(OR=1.040,95%CI:1.0082.633,P=0.000)是院内死亡的独立危险因素;年龄(OR=1.040,95%CI:1.008¹.074,P=0.015)、Killip分级(OR=1.543,95%CI:1.1701.074,P=0.015)、Killip分级(OR=1.543,95%CI:1.170².034,P=0.002)是3个月MACE的独立危险因素;PCI(OR=0.090,95%CI:0.0262.034,P=0.002)是3个月MACE的独立危险因素;PCI(OR=0.090,95%CI:0.026⁰.306,P=0.000)是3个月MACE的保护因素。结论女性AMI患者年龄偏大、心功能差、危险程度高,接受PCI比例低,但性别本身并非预测院内死亡及3个月随访MACE的独立预测因素。     

不同性别老年冠心病冠状动脉旁路移植术患者代谢性危险因素特征

目的探讨不同性别行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗的老年冠心病患者代谢性危险因素特征。方法选择老年冠心病CABG患者398例,分为男性组272例,女性组126例,比较2组患者的代谢性危险因素特征。结果女性组体重指数、收缩压、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C和TG均高于男性组(P=0.003,P=0.000),血尿酸水平低于男性组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。2组的年龄、舒张压、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。女性组血脂异常的比例高于男性组,吸烟的比例低于男性组(P=0.000),2组高血压、糖尿病和多支血管病变的比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年女性冠心病CABG患者的血脂异常和收缩压升高更为严重,吸烟比例和血尿酸水平低。     

结肠息肉的病理特点与年龄、性别关系研究

[目的]探讨不同性别及不同年龄段大肠息肉的发生部位、大小及病理分型等生物学特点。[方法]随机选取我院2010年1月~2016年4月收治的1 000例经电子胃肠镜确诊并行内镜下息肉切除术的患者,根据年龄段分为中青年组(60岁)与老年组(≥60岁),分析大肠息肉的发生部位、大小及病理分型等生物学特点,在不同性别及不同年龄段的分布情况。[结果]在结肠息肉发生部位上,随着年龄的增大,远端结肠息肉的出现率随之增高,即中青年出现率小于老年出现率,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在远端结肠发生率上,老年组高于中青年组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在结肠息肉大小上,中青年组在直径0.5~1.0cm的息肉枚数上明显高于老年组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);腺瘤性息肉包含管状腺瘤,2组患者所有病理类型中管状腺瘤的发病率是最高的,2组患者腺瘤性息肉的出现率均明显高于其他病理类型息肉的出现率,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);年轻女性结肠息肉的出现率明显低于年老女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),年轻男性结肠息肉的出现率则高于老年男性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]不同年龄组大肠息肉的临床及病理特点不同,应根据不同的年龄段采取不同的临床诊疗方案。     

不同性别老年非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入治疗术后近期和远期预后分析

目的评价老年非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome,NSTE-ACS)患者介入治疗术后近期与远期预后是否存在性别差异。方法连续纳入2008年12月至2012年1月在沈阳军区总医院行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)、年龄≥60岁的NSTE-ACS患者3539例,按照性别分为男性组2323例和女性组1216例。比较不同性别间的PCI成功率、术后30 d和3年的主要不良心血管事件[MACE,包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建(target vessel revascularization,TVR)、支架内血栓]发生情况。结果女性组和男性组的PCI成功率比较,差异无统计学意义(98.1%比97.8%,P=0.604)。术后30 d,女性组MACE的发生率显著高于男性组(1.5%比0.8%,P=0.047),其中心源性死亡和心肌梗死发生率明显高于老年男性组(0.7%比0.1%,P=0.017;0.9%比0.3%,P=0.030),支架内血栓和TVR发生率与男性组相比,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。术后3年,女性组和男性组MACE发生率的差异无统计学意义(9.7%比10.9%,P=0.257),其中心源性死亡、心肌梗死、TVR、支架内血栓在两组间分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。校正基线不均衡因素后,术后30 d女性组MACE(OR 2.158,95%CI 1.036~4.497,P=0.040)、心源性死亡(OR 6.004,95%CI 1.576~22.869,P=0.009)发生率均高于男性组,而术后3年MACE发生率在两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(OR 0.860,95%CI 0.677~1.091,P=0.214)。结论与老年男性NSTE-ACS患者相比,老年女性患者PCI术后近期预后较差,但远期预后与男性相当。     

老年高血压患者性别差异的相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者的性别差异。方法通过随机整群抽样的方法,选择西安局部地区老年高血压患者329例,其中男性185例,女性144例。对不同性别老年高血压患者进行一般人口学特征、慢性病、辅助检查及心理健康等调查,并比较和分析影响因素。结果男性与女性老年高血压患者在教育程度、吸烟、饮酒、慢性阻塞性肺病、骨关节病、空腹血糖、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、尿酸、肌酐、抑郁症状等方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。生活不规律、受教育程度是男性老年高血压患者的影响因素(OR=1.609,95%CI:1.018².542,P=0.042;OR=0.678,95%CI:0.5532.542,P=0.042;OR=0.678,95%CI:0.553⁰.832,P=0.000),高TG、受教育程度是女性老年高血压患者的影响因素(OR=1.486,95%CI:1.1310.832,P=0.000),高TG、受教育程度是女性老年高血压患者的影响因素(OR=1.486,95%CI:1.131¹.950,P=0.004;OR=0.710,95%CI:0.5971.950,P=0.004;OR=0.710,95%CI:0.597⁰.844,P=0.000)。结论受教育程度是男性和女性老年高血压患者共同保护因素。男性影响因素为生活不规律,女性为高TG。     

肠道准备质量的影响因素及其对分段肠道准备质量的影响差异

目的 探究肠道准备质量相关影响因素及其对肠道分段肠道准备质量评分是否存在影响差异。方法 按入排标准纳入从2021年11月至2022年11月在深圳市某三甲医院394名行结肠镜检查的患者,前瞻性地收集患者和结肠镜相关检查数据,采用波士顿肠道准备量表(Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, BBPS)评估肠道准备质量的情况,用多因素Logistic回归分析得出与肠道准备不充分的独立因素,利用趋势卡方检验探究各危险因素对肠道分段肠道准备质量评分是否存在影响差异。结果 肠道准备不充分比率20.8%,息肉或腺瘤检出率为20.3%,采用logistic回归分析结果显示肠道质量欠佳的独立危险因素为未服用西甲硅油(OR=2.236)、摄入聚乙二醇<75%(OR=3.337)、Bristol 1型及2型(OR=3.359)、末次大便有渣(OR=6.664)、检查时间间隔>6小时(OR=2.483)(P值均<0.05)。其中西甲硅油组横结肠、右半结肠肠道准备评分比无西甲硅油组要高(P<0.05),左半结肠肠道准备评分差异无统计学意义;摄入清肠剂剂量>75...     

IFOBT与肿瘤标志物、炎症指标联合检测对结直肠进展期腺瘤发生的预测价值

背景目前临床缺乏对结直肠癌前病变有效的无创筛查手段,识别高危人群和多指标联合检测已成为癌及癌前病变筛查的趋势.多种炎症指标已广泛用于各种肿瘤的诊断及预后,而对癌前病变诊断价值的研究较少.目的探讨粪便免疫潜血实验(immunochemical fecal occult blood testing,IFOBT),肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA199),炎症指标包括中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(platelet/lymphocyte ratio,PLR)及一般临床特征对结直肠进展期腺瘤息肉发生的预测价值.方法回顾性分析我院2014-2018年行电子结肠镜检查并经病理学证实的295例结直肠进展期腺瘤病例作为观察组,选择同期448例非进展期腺瘤病例作为对照组,收集患者的一般临床资料包括基本特征(性别、年龄)、生活习惯(吸烟史、饮酒史)、既往史(高血压史、冠心病史、糖尿病史),手术史(胆囊或阑尾切除史);实验室检查(NLR、PLR、CEA、CA199、IFOBT);进行单因素差异分析,将有意义的结果纳入二元logistic回归分析,绘制ROC曲线,评估相关指标对结直肠进展期腺瘤发生的预测价值.结果Logistic回归分析显示:年龄(OR=1.047,95%CI:1.028-1.066,P=0.000)、吸烟(OR=1.880,95%CI:1.250-2.826,P=0.002)、糖尿病(OR=2.073,95CI%:1.216-3.535,P=0.007)、既往胆囊切除(OR=9.206,95CI%:2.904-29.181,P=0.000)、IFOBT(OR=7.681,95%CI:4.585-12.869,P=0.000)、CA199(OR=1.039,95%CI:1.018-1.059,P=0.000)、NLR(OR=1.706,95%CI:1.388-2.097,P=0.000)与进展期腺瘤的发生独立相关.对于预测进展期腺瘤的发生,IFOBT的灵敏度为34.6%,特异度为94.2%,AUC为0.644,95%CI:0.602-0.686,CA199的最佳截断点为7.87 U/mL,灵敏度为53.9%,特异度为66.1%,AUC为0.639,95%CI:0.598-0.679,NLR的最佳截断点为2.04,灵敏度为50.2%.特异度为71.8%,AUC为0.645,95%CI:0.605-0.685,当三者联合检测时其灵敏度为52.9%,特异度为82.8%,AUC 95%CI为0.752(0.716-0.788),进展期腺瘤亚组分析中,IFOBT(-)和IFOBT(+)亚组之间的腺瘤位置(P=0.048)、腺瘤直径(P=0.000)、分化级别(P=0.000)差异有统计学意义,低NLR(<2.04)和高NLR(≥2.04)亚组之间的性别(P=0.004)、腺瘤直径(P=0.028)、分化级别(P=0.000)差异有统计学意义.结论高龄、吸烟、糖尿病、既往胆囊切除人群更易发生结直肠进展期腺瘤,临床需对此类人群提高重视,IFOBT、NLR、CA199对进展期腺瘤的发生具有诊断意义,三者联合检测时其诊断效能最佳.     

Development and validation of a risk score for advanced colorectal adenoma recurrence after endoscopic resection

AIM: To develop and validate a risk score for advanced colorectal adenoma(ACA) recurrence after endoscopic polypectomy.METHODS: Out of 3360 patients who underwent colon polypectomy at University of Foggia between 2004 and 2008, data of 843 patients with 1155 ACAs was retrospectively reviewed. Surveillance intervals were scheduled by guidelines at 3 years and primary endpoint was considered 3-year ACA recurrence. Baseline clinical parameters and the main features of ACAs were entered into a Cox regression analysis and variables with P 0.05 in the univariate analysis were then tested as candidate variables into a stepwise Cox regression model(conditional backward selection). The regression coefficients of the Cox regression model were multiplied by 2 and rounded in order to obtain easy to use point numbers facilitating the calculation of the score. To avoid overoptimistic results due to model fitting and evaluation in the same dataset, we performed an internal 10-fold cross-validation by means of bootstrap sampling. RESULTS: Median lesion size was 16 mm(12-23) while median number of adenomas was 2.5(1-3), whereof the number of ACAs was 1.5(1-2). At 3 years after polypectomy, recurrence was observed in 229 ACAs(19.8%), of which 157(13.5%) were metachronous neoplasms and 72(6.2%) local recurrences. Multivariate analysis, after exclusion of the variable "type of resection" due to its collinearity with other predictive factors, confirmed lesion size, number of ACAs and grade of dysplasia as significantly associated to the primary outcome. The score was then built by multiplying the regression coefficients times 2 and the cut-off point 5 was selected by means of a Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis. In particular, 248 patients with 365 ACAs fell in the higher-risk group(score ≥ 5) where 3-year recurrence was detected in 174 ACAs(47.6%) whereas the remaining 595 patients with 690 ACAs were included in the low-risk group(score 5) where 3-year recurrence rate was 7.9%(55/690 ACAs). Area under the curve of the model was 0.81(0.72-0.86) with an overall classification error rate of 0.09. The model was finally validated by means of 10-fold cross validation.CONCLUSION: Our study provides support for the use of a novel risk score as a clinical predictor of ACA recurrence after colon polypectomy.     

Impact of mechanical bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery:A meta-analysis

AIM To analyse the effect of mechanical bowel preparation vs no mechanical bowel preparation on outcome in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.METHODS Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies comparing adult patients receiving mechanical bowel preparation with those receiving no mechanical bowel preparation, subdivided into those receiving a single rectal enema and those who received no preparation at all prior to elective colorectal surgery. RESULTS A total of 36 studies(23 randomised controlled trials and 13 observational studies) including 21568 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were included. When all studies were considered, mechanical bowel preparation was not associated with any significant difference in anastomotic leak rates(OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.74 to 1.10, P = 0.32), surgical site infection(OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.80 to 1.24, P = 0.96), intraabdominal collection(OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.63 to 1.17, P = 0.34), mortality(OR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.57 to 1.27, P = 0.43), reoperation(OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.75 to 1.12, P = 0.38) or hospital length of stay(overall mean difference 0.11 d, 95%CI:-0.51 to 0.73, P = 0.72), when compared with no mechanical bowel preparation, nor when evidence from just randomized controlledtrials was analysed. A sub-analysis of mechanical bowel preparation vs absolutely no preparation or a single rectal enema similarly revealed no differences in clinical outcome measures. CONCLUSION In the most comprehensive meta-analysis of mechanical bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery to date, this study has suggested that the use of mechanical bowel preparation does not affect the incidence of postoperative complications when compared with no preparation. Hence, mechanical bowel preparation should not be administered routinely prior to elective colorectal surgery.     

Sex-influenced association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with colorectal adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps

AIM To investigate the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and colorectal adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps.METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 3686 individuals undergoing health checkups(2430 males and 1256 females). All subjects underwent laboratory testing,abdominal ultrasonography,colonoscopy,and an interview to ascertain the baseline characteristics and general state of health. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between NAFLD and the prevalence of colorectal adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps.Furthermore,the relationship was analyzed in different sex groups. Subgroup analysis was performed based on number,size,and location of colorectal polyps.RESULTS The prevalence of colorectal polyps was 38.8% in males(16.2% for adenomatous polyps and 9.8% for hyperplastic polyps) and 19.3% in females(8.4% for adenomatous polyps and 3.9% for hyperplastic polyps). When adjusting for confounding variables,NAFLD was significantly associated with the prevalence of adenomatous polyps(OR = 1.28,95%CI: 1.05-1.51,P 0.05) and hyperplastic polyps(OR = 1.35,95%CI: 1.01-1.82,P 0.05). However,upon analyzing adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps in different sex groups,the significant association remained in males(OR = 1.53,95%CI: 1.18-2.00,P 0.05; OR = 1.42,95%CI: 1.04-1.95,P 0.05) but not in females(OR = 0.44,95%CI: 0.18-1.04,P 0.05; OR = 1.18,95%CI: 0.50-2.78,P 0.05). CONCLUSION NAFLD is specifically associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps in men. However,NAFLD may not be a significant factor in the prevalence of colorectal polyps in women.     

Withdrawal time in excellent or very poor bowel preparation qualities

AIM: To evaluate association(s) between withdrawal time and polyp detection in various bowel preparation qualities. METHODS: Retrospective cohort analysis of screening colonoscopies performed between January 2005 and June 2011 for patients with average risk of colorectal cancer. Exclusion criteria included patients with a personal history of adenomatous polyps or colon cancer, prior colonic resection, significant family history of colorectal cancer, screening colonoscopy after other abnormal screening tests such as flexible sigmoidoscopy or barium enema, and screening colonoscopies during in-patient care. All procedures were performed or directly supervised by gastroenterologists. Main measurements were number of colonic segments with polyps and total number of colonic polyps.RESULTS: Multivariate analysis of 8331 colonosco-pies showed longer withdrawal time was associated with more colonic segments with polyps in good(adjusted OR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.13-1.19), fair(OR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.10-1.17), and poor(OR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.11-1.26) bowel preparation qualities. A higher number of total polyps was associated with longer withdrawal time in good(OR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.13-1.18), fair(OR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.10-1.16), and poor(OR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.13-1.29) bowel preparation qualities. Longer withdrawal time was not associated with more colonic segments with polyps or greater number of colonic polyps in bowel preparations with excellent(OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 0.99-1.26; OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 0.99-1.24, respectively) and very poor(OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.99-1.12; OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.99-1.10, respectively) qualities.CONCLUSION: Longer withdrawal time is not associated with higher polyp number detected in colonoscopies with excellent or very poor bowel preparation quality.     

Ki-ras proto-oncogene mutations in sporadic colorectal adenomas: relationship to histologic and clinical characteristics

BACXKGROUND & AIMS: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between Ki-ras mutations in colorectal adenomas and characteristics of both the subject (age, gender, and family/personal history of colonic neoplasia) and the adenoma (multiplicity, size, location, and histologic features). METHODS: Ki-ras mutations were detected by direct sequencing in 738 adenomatous polyps removed at baseline from 639 participants in a nutritional trial of adenoma recurrence. RESULTS: Ki-ras mutations were detected in 17.2% of the adenomas. Ki-ras mutations were unrelated to gender, family, or personal history of colonic neoplasia, location within the colorectum, or adenoma multiplicity, but were more common in older subjects (P = 0.01 for trend), in larger adenomas (P < 0.0001 for trend), in adenomas with villous histology (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-4.9 vs. tubular), and in adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (32.0% vs. 13.6%; OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.9-4.6 vs. low-grade dysplasia). Multivariate analysis showed Ki-ras mutations to be independently associated with subject age (P = 0.01 for trend), tubulovillous/villous histology (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-3.7), and high-grade dysplasia (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-3.1). Adenoma size was not independently related to Ki-ras mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Ki-ras mutations are associated with the histologic features of adenoma progression (villous histology and high-grade dysplasia) rather than with adenoma growth.     

Predictors of proximal neoplasia in patients without distal adenomatous pathology

BACKGROUND: Previous colorectal cancer screening studies have observed that some patients may have advanced proximal neoplasia without distal findings. Since these studies have included only gender, age, and family history as risk factors, they are limited in their ability to identify predictors of isolated proximal neoplasia. METHODS: Data were collected from the charts of 1,988 patients who presented for colonoscopy. Information gathered included endoscopic findings, histology, known risk factors for colorectal neoplasia, and smoking pattern. Our main outcome was the presence of proximal adenomatous neoplasia in patients who had no distal adenomas. We defined significant neoplasia as adenocarcinoma, high-grade dysplasia, villous polyps, adenomas 1 cm or greater or more than two adenomas of any size. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients had isolated significant proximal neoplasia that would have been missed on a flexible sigmoidoscopy. While patients older than 60 yr had a greater risk for this neoplasia (odds ratio = 3.01: 95% CI = 1.66-4.23; p < 0.001), those who took a daily aspirin had a reduced risk (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.30-0.88; p < 0.05). A family history of colorectal cancer increased the patient's risk of having any adenomas (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.33-3.40; p < 0.01) or villous tissue (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.27-3.51; p < 0.05) in the proximal colon without distal findings. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of large (> 1 cm) isolated proximal tubular polyps (OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.64-4.46; p < 0.01) as well as isolated significant proximal neoplasia (OR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.59-3.31; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Age greater than 60 yr, a history of at least 10 pack-years of smoking, and a family history of colorectal cancer increased the risk of finding significant proximal polyps in patients without distal pathology.     

代谢综合征组分与结直肠腺瘤性息肉复发关系的研究

背景：研究显示一些代谢综合征（MS）组分为结直肠腺瘤性息肉的危险因素,然而关注MS组分在结直肠腺瘤性息肉复发中意义的研究尚少。目的：研究MS组分与结直肠腺瘤性息肉复发的关系。方法：纳入2003年1月～2009年1月于北京大学人民医院行内镜下结直肠息肉切除术、病理诊断为腺瘤性息肉并有2年以上复查资料的成年患者,采集其包括4项MS组分（肥胖、高血压、高血糖、血脂异常）在内的12项可疑危险因素,筛选复发相关因素,以之为自变量,以研究起点之后第1～3年期间的结肠镜复查结果为因变量,行多元logistic回归分析,计算OR值并换算为RR值。结果：共138例患者纳入研究,76例（55.1%）在研究起点之后第1～3年期间复发,4例复查时发现结直肠癌年龄、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、饮酒史和多发性腺瘤以及伴发MS组分的数量与复发相关（P〈0.05）。logistic回归分析显示MS组分（OR=2.308,P〈0.01：RR=1.342）和年龄（OR=1.040,P〈0.05;RR=1.018）为复发的独立危险因素。结论：伴发MS组分的结直肠腺瘤性息肉更易复发,提示可将MS组分纳入结直肠腺瘤性息肉治疗后复查的参考指标。     

First-degree relatives of patients with advanced colorectal adenomas have an increased prevalence of colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The risk of colorectal cancer in relatives of patients with adenomatous colonic polyps is not well defined. This study assessed whether finding colonic neoplasia during screening colonoscopy was related to the family history of colorectal cancer among the participants' parents and siblings. METHODS: Self-reported family history of colorectal cancer was recorded for all participants in a screening colonoscopy study. The size and location of all polyps were recorded before their removal and histologic examination. Participants were grouped according to the most advanced lesion detected. RESULTS: Three thousand one hundred twenty-one patients underwent complete colonoscopic examination. Subjects with adenomas were more likely to have a family history of colorectal cancer than were subjects without polyps (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.70). The finding of a small (<1 cm) tubular adenoma as the most advanced lesion was associated with only a modest increase in the OR of colorectal cancer in family members (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.99-1.61), but the presence of an advanced adenoma was associated with a higher OR (OR, 1.62;5% CI, 1.16-2.26). Younger age of adenoma diagnosis was not related to a higher prevalence of a family history of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Relatives patients with advanced colorectal adenomas have an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Individuals with advanced colorectal adenomas should be counseled about the increased risk of colorectal cancer among their relatives.     

基于智能听诊系统采集肠鸣音对结直肠癌术后延迟性肠麻痹的研究

目的研究术后第一天肠鸣音对结直肠癌手术患者围术期术后延迟性肠麻痹（PPOI）的预测价值。 方法回顾性分析2019年2月~2021年2月陕西省人民医院普外二科124例确诊结直肠癌行手术治疗患者的临床资料,通过ROC曲线对患者术后第一天肠率、肠鸣音振幅、肠鸣音频率和肠鸣音持续时间与PPOI进行分析。采用单因素和多因素分析研究影响结直肠癌患者围术期PPOI发生的危险因素。 结果共纳入124例患者,男性70例,女性54例。其中PPOI组患者42例,非PPOI组患者82例;通过ROC曲线分析发现术后第一天肠率和肠鸣音频率对围术期PPOI发病的预测差异有统计学意义（Z=3.300,2.159;P＜0.05）。结直肠癌围术期PPOI发生的单因素分析发现,合并不全肠梗阻（OR=2.400,P=0.027）、氟尿嘧啶植入剂（OR=2.418,P=0.030）,术后第一天肠率≤2.407 cpm（OR=0.287,P=0.002）,术后第一天肠鸣音频率≤442.294 Hz（OR=2.805,P=0.012）是结直肠癌根治术患者围术期PPOI发生的影响因素。多因素分析结果显示,合并不全肠梗阻（OR=3.002,P=0.013）、术后第一天肠率≤2.407 cpm（OR=0.334,P=0.012）是结直肠癌根治术患者围术期PPOI的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。 结论智能听诊系统监测肠鸣音对术后患者胃肠道功能恢复具有预测价值。术后第一天肠率≤2.407 cpm是结直肠癌患者围术期PPOI发生的独立危险因素。