湘潭地区286例泌尿生殖道衣原体、支原体感染情况及支原体药敏分析

目的 检测皮肤性病门诊泌尿生殖道患者沙眼衣原体（CT）和支原体感染情况及支原体培养加药敏分析。方法 对761例泌尿生殖道感染者采用金标法检测沙眼衣原体抗原，用微量肉汤稀释法检测解脲支原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh），并进行10种抗生素的药敏试验。结果 761例泌尿生殖道感染者中衣原体阳性41例，总阳性率为5．4％；支原体感染262例，总阳性率为34．4％。支原体对10种药物的敏感性从高到低为强力霉素（98．5％）、交沙霉素（96．5%）、阿奇霉素（92．9％）、司帕沙星（884％）、克拉霉素（87．9％）、罗红霉素（82．9％）、环丙沙星（82．9％）、美满霉素（78．8c}6）、壮观霉素（76．7％）、氧氟沙星（62．7%）。Uu＋Mh感染对部分抗生素产生了一定程度的耐药性。结论 泌尿生殖道感染以解脲支原体（Uu）为主，体外药物敏感性分析，敏感性最高的是强力霉素，其次为交沙霉素、阿奇霉素，对氧氟沙星存在一定的耐药性。临床上合理选用敏感抗生素，进行规范治疗，可有效控制感染，提高疗效。     

泌尿生殖道支原体检测及药敏分析

目的:了解本地区泌尿生殖道患者支原体感染及对抗生素的药敏情况,为临床诊断、治疗提供实验依据,指导临床合理用药.方法:使用珠海丽珠生产的支原体培养鉴定药敏检测试剂盒,对泌尿生殖道标本进行解脲支原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)检测.结果:185例患者中共检出支原体感染101例,阳性率54.59%,其中解脲支原体(Uu)阳性72例(38.92%),人型支原体(Mh)阳性10例(5.41%),Uu+Mh混合感染阳性19例(10.27%).男性阳性率46.38%女性阳性率78.72%,女性阳性率明显高于男性阳性率,其阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).药敏结果显示单纯Uu感染药敏试验,敏感率最高的抗生素:强力霉素、克拉霉素、交沙霉素、美满霉素.而耐药性最高的抗生素为环丙沙星、罗红霉素、红霉素、可乐必妥.Uu、Mh混合感染时罗红霉素的耐药率最高,单纯人型支原体(Mh)对四环素类抗生素敏感率较高;对大环内脂类抗生素的耐药率则较高.结论:泌尿生殖道支原体感染Uu阳性率最高,女性阳性率最高;Uu与Mh具有不同的耐药特点,Uu合并Mh感染对抗生素耐药性明显增强.因此定期对本地区泌尿生殖道感染培养检测及耐药性监测,是十分必要的.其有利于指导临床用药、控制耐药菌株的产生.西安市第八医院传染科赵生魁.     

性病高危人群泌尿生殖道支原体、衣原体感染研究

目的 了解性病高危人群泌尿生殖道支原体、衣原体感染状况.方法 对932例性病高危人群的泌尿生殖道标本进行支原体培养和衣原体抗原检测.结果 932例标本中支原体、衣原体感染率为34.3%,男性感染率为31.9%,女性感染率为38.1%;其中沙眼衣原体(Ct)、解脲脲支原体(Uu)、人支原体(Mh)感染阳性例数及阳性率分别为77例8.3%、122例1,3.1%、70例7.5%,Uu+Mh、Uu+Ct、Ct+Mh、Ct+Uu+Mh混合感染的阳性例数及阳性率分别为7例0.8%、14例1.5%、3例0.3%、1例0.1%;与健康人群感染率8.7%比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 性病高危人群泌尿生殖道支原体、衣原体感染率高、流行广,在性病的防治与监测工作中应重视对这些人群的常规检测.     

支原体与衣原体感染检测及耐药性分析

目的探讨女性泌尿生殖道支原体与衣原体感染的现状及耐药性,为临床医生合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法支原体采用IST2培养及药敏试剂盒、衣原体采用法国VEDALAB试剂盒检测。结果376例疑似非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)患者中,216例解脲脲支原体(Uu)培养阳性,阳性率为57.4%;35例Uu与人支原体(Mh)混合培养阳性,占9.3%;125例沙眼衣原体(Ct)阳性,占33.3%;药敏结果除对交沙霉素、氧氟沙星、多西环素外,Uu Mh混合感染对其他6种抗菌药物的耐药率均高于单纯Uu感染,多西环素、交沙霉素、普拉特霉素对支原体感染敏感性最高。结论女性泌尿生殖道感染主要以Uu发病率最高,治疗支原体感染应根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物。     

948例泌尿生殖道支原体感染及其药敏分析

目的了解濮阳地区泌尿生殖道支原体感染对12种抗生素的体外敏感性。方法使用支原体培养、药敏鉴别试剂盒对948例泌尿生殖道支原体阳性标本进行Uu和Mh检测及药敏试验。结果948例支原体培养阳性标本中,Uu阳性率为85.7%,Uu合并Mh感染阳性率为9.7%,Mh阳性率为4.7%。Uu对交沙霉素、环脂红霉素、克拉霉素、阿齐霉素和四环素类抗生素较为敏感,Mh对强力霉素、美满霉素、甲砜霉素较为敏感,Uu合并Mh感染对交沙霉素、强力霉素、美满霉素较为敏感。结论Uu与Mh有不同的耐药谱,Uu和Mh混合感染使抗生素的耐药性普遍增强,单纯Uu感染与混合感染对抗生素敏感性有明显差异。     

泌尿生殖道感染患者沙眼衣原体和支原体感染情况调查

目的 调查皮肤性病门诊泌尿生殖道感染患者沙眼衣原体（CT）和支原体感染情况及支原体培养加药敏分析. 方法 对666例泌尿生殖道感染患者用PCR法检测沙眼衣原体,用微量肉汤稀释法检测解脲支原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）并进行10种抗菌素的药敏试验. 结果 666例泌尿生殖道感染者中衣原体阳性共56例,总阳性率为8.41％,女性患者阳性率为8.06％,男性患者阳性率为8.54％,男女感染率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.检出支原体185例,全部为解脲支原体,总阳性率为28.78％,女性患者阳性率为44.62％明显高于男性患者阳性率21.25％,男女感染率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.解脲支原体对强力霉素敏感率最高,其次为克拉霉素及交沙霉素;敏感率最低的为红霉素及环丙沙星,其次为可乐必妥. 结论 皮肤性病门诊泌尿生殖道感染患者中,支原体感染率高于衣原体,以脲解支原体为主,支原体对不同种类抗生素敏感性不同,建议根据药敏结果选择治疗药物.     

女性泌尿生殖道炎症患者支原体感染现状及其对抗生素的敏感性研究

目的了解女性泌尿生殖道炎症患者支原体的感染现状及其对抗生素的敏感性。方法回顾性分析清苑县妇幼保健院2010年1月-2011年8月收治的女性泌尿生殖道炎症患者560例的临床资料,支原体感染254例,对该254例泌尿生殖道炎症患者做体外支原体培养鉴定及药物敏感试验。结果支原体感染阳性率为45.4%。单纯解脲脲原体(Uu)感染率为63.8%(162/254),明显高于单纯人型支原体(Mh)及Uu+Mh混合感染率9.5%(24/254)、26.8%(68/254),组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单纯Uu感染对克拉霉素、交沙霉素敏感,Uu与Mh混合感染者对强力霉素敏感,单纯Mh感染对强力霉素敏感。结论本院女性泌尿生殖道炎症患者支原体的感染以单纯Uu感染为主,不同生物型支原体感染对抗生素敏感率不同,临床医师应根据支原体的感染现状及其对抗生素的敏感性选用合适的抗生素。     

泌尿生殖道支原体和衣原体感染检测及耐药性分析

目的观察311例泌尿生殖道支原体、衣原体感染情况,分析其对抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床医生合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法采用生化酶法检测衣原体,采用培养法检测支原体及其药物敏感试验。结果311例疑似非淋菌性尿道炎（NGU）患者中检出支原体阳性160例,阳性率为51．4％,其中解脲支原体（Uu）阳性率为50．5％（157例）,人型支原体（Mh）阳性率0．96％（3例）,（Uu＋Mh）混合感染率5．46％（17例）,检出沙眼衣原体136例,阳性率为43．7％。药敏试验显示：强力霉素、交沙霉素、美满霉素敏感性最高;大观霉素、林可霉素、甲砜霉素,司帕沙星敏感性最低。结论泌尿生殖道感染主要以Uu发病率最高,且耐药株在不断增加．治疗支原体感染应根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物。     

泌尿生殖道支原体感染862例及耐药性分析

目的研究泌尿生殖道支原体感染状况及对抗菌药物的耐药性。方法回顾性统计分析2008年10月—2009年10月862例泌尿生殖道分泌物样本支原体培养及药敏试验结果。结果 862例样本中,支原体培养阳性251例,阳性率为29.1%;其中解脲支原体(Uu)阳性219例,阳性率25.4%;人型支原体(Mh)阳性7例,阳性率0.8%;Uu和Mh混合阳性25例,阳性率2.9%;Uu对10种常用抗菌药物的药物敏感试验表明,耐药性较低的3种药物为美满霉素、强力霉素、克拉霉素;Uu+Mh混合感染对美满霉素、强力霉素、交沙霉素耐药率较低。结论泌尿生殖道支原体感染以Uu感染为主,在临床治疗中应合理使用抗生素,严格按照药敏试验结果合理用药以提高疗效,减少耐药菌株产生。     

泌尿生殖道支原体属与衣原体属感染现状及耐药分析

目的了解泌尿生殖道支原体属、衣原体属感染现状及支原体属耐药谱,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法采用培养法进行支原体属鉴定、半定量计数和药敏试验;胶体金法检测衣原体。结果 1600例患者中检出解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染750例(46.88%),人支原体(Mh)感染10例(0.63%),Uu+Mh混合感染71例(4.44%),总检出率为51.94%(831例);男女性别阳性率分别为44.6%、56.7%;1600例中同时检测沙眼衣原体(Ct)的982例标本共检出沙眼衣原体198株,检出率为20.16%,支原体属、衣原体属双重(或三重)感染率为11.1%(109例),其中Ct+Uu双重感染率为10.39%(102例),Ct+Mh双重感染率为0.20%(2例),Ct+Uu+Mh三重感染率为0.51%(5例);支原体属总药敏趋势显示,交沙霉素、米诺霉素、多西环素有较高的抑菌能力。结论永州地区支原体属感染率高于衣原体属;支原体属、衣原体属双重(或三重)感染率较高;支原体属以Uu感染为主;Mh多以Uu+Mh混合感染模式存在,且对喹诺酮类、红霉素类药物的耐药率极高,应引起临床医师高度重视。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

骨钙素与儿童生长发育

骨钙素是成骨细胞分泌的骨蛋白 ,骨钙素水平与成骨细胞活性成正相关 ,是一项很好的反映骨形成与骨转化的生化指标。小儿骨生长发育有自身特点 ,骨钙素水平的改变类似儿童身高生长曲线 ,可以很好地应用于评价儿童生长发育及监测生长障碍患儿对治疗的反应     

Cholesterol and Egg Intakes with Cardiometabolic and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese and Low-Income Black and White Americans

We examined the associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality among Chinese and low-income Black and White Americans. Included were 47,789 Blacks, 20,360 Whites, and 134,280 Chinese aged 40–79 years at enrollment. Multivariable Cox models with restricted cubic splines were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality outcomes using intakes of 150 mg cholesterol/day and 1 egg/week as the references. Cholesterol intake showed a nonlinear association with increased all-cause mortality and a linear association with increased cardiometabolic mortality among Black Americans: HRs (95% CIs) associated with 300 and 600 mg/day vs. 150 mg/day were 1.07 (1.03–1.11) and 1.13 (1.05–1.21) for all-cause mortality (P-linearity = 0.04, P-nonlinearity = 0.002, and P-overall < 0.001) and 1.10 (1.03–1.16) and 1.21 (1.08–1.36) for cardiometabolic mortality (P-linearity = 0.007, P-nonlinearity = 0.07, and P-overall = 0.005). Null associations with all-cause or cardiometabolic mortality were noted for White Americans (P-linearity ≥ 0.13, P-nonlinearity ≥ 0.06, and P-overall ≥ 0.05 for both). Nonlinear inverse associations were observed among Chinese: HR (95% CI) for 300 vs. 150 mg/day was 0.94 (0.92–0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.91 (0.87–0.95) for cardiometabolic mortality, but the inverse associations disappeared with cholesterol intake > 500 mg/day (P-linearity ≥ 0.12; P-nonlinearity ≤ 0.001; P-overall < 0.001 for both). Similarly, we observed a positive association of egg intake with all-cause mortality in Black Americans, but a null association in White Americans and a nonlinear inverse association in Chinese. In conclusion, the associations of cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality may differ across ethnicities who have different dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, residual confounding remains possible.