新诊断格雷夫斯病患者肝功能变化与甲状腺激素及抗体的关系

目的分析新诊断的格雷夫斯(Graves)病患者肝功能与甲状腺激素及抗体水平的关系。方法对2002-09~2004-04南京市鼓楼医院117例新诊断的Graves病患者用抗甲亢药前,分析临床表现、肝功能、肝炎病毒指标、FT3、FT4、TSH、抗体TPOAb、TGAb、TRAb等。按肝功能正常与否分为正常组(74例)和异常组(39例),4例为病毒性肝炎予以剔除。结果113例新诊断的Graves病患者合并肝功能异常(至少有一项异常)的发生率34.51%。肝功异常组的FT3、FT4及TRAb水平明显高于肝功能正常组(P<0.001),而TSH、TPOAb、TGAb两组间无显著差异。结论新诊断的Graves病患者可出现由甲亢本身引起的肝功能受损,与患者的甲状腺激素水平、TRAb水平密切相关。伴有肝损的Graves病患者甲亢的病情较重。     

甲巯咪唑与丙硫氧嘧啶治疗Graves甲状腺机能亢进症疗效比较

目的探讨甲巯咪唑与丙硫氧嘧啶治疗Graves甲状腺机能亢进症（简称甲亢）的临床疗效差异,为Graves甲亢的临床用药提供理论依据。方法选择100例Graves甲亢初诊患者随机分成两组各50例,分别采用剂量相当的甲巯咪唑与丙硫氧嘧啶治疗。于治疗前、治疗第45天、第90天采血检测血清促甲状腺素（TSH）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺素受体抗体（TRAb）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）,比较两组各时间点TSH、FT3、FT4、TRAb、TPOAb水平的差异。结果治疗前两组TSH、FT3、FT4、TRAb、TPOAb水平无统计学差异（P均〉0.05）。治疗后与治疗前比较,两组TSH、FT3、FT4、TRAb、TPOAb水平均降低（P均〈0.05）。治疗第45天、第90天后丙硫氧嘧啶组FT3、FT4水平均高于甲巯咪唑组（P均〈0.01）。治疗后TRAb、TPOAb水平两组间差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。结论甲巯咪唑治疗Graves甲亢疗效显著性优于丙硫氧嘧啶。     

初发Graves病患者血清促甲状腺激素受体抗体水平的影响因素分析

目的分析初发Graves病(GD)患者体内促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)水平的影响因素。方法初发GD患者378例,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测患者血清TRAb,化学发光法检测血清甲状腺过氧化酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)。采用多元逐步回归分析法,以TRAb为应变量,以患者年龄、性别、病程、甲状腺质量、TGAb、TPOAb、是否突眼、FT3、FT4和TSH为自变量建立回归方程。结果甲状腺质量及合并Graves眼病(GO)与初发GD患者体内TRAb水平相关。结论甲状腺质量及合并GO是初发Graves病患者体内TRAb水平的影响因素。     

甲状腺功能亢进性肝损害与甲巯咪唑继发性肝损害的临床比较研究

目的分析甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)性肝损害患者的肝功能与甲状腺功能的相关性,探讨抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑所致肝损害患者的临床特征及其引起肝损害的相关因素。方法纳入甲亢性肝病患者54例(甲亢性肝损害组)和初诊未治的无肝损害甲亢患者33例(甲亢无肝损害组),收集两组患者用药前的一般资料和临床资料(甲状腺功能和肝功能),分析甲亢性肝损害的相关因素;将同期抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑致肝损害患者(27例)根据肝功能指标分为肝细胞型组(7例)、胆汁淤积型组(12例)和混合型组(8例),收集其一般资料和临床资料(甲状腺功能和肝功能)并比较。结果甲亢性肝损害组患者治疗前的ALT、AST、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT 3)、游离甲状腺激素(FT 4)和促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)水平明显高于甲亢无肝损害组(P<0.05),两组患者ALT、ALP、γ-GT水平均与FT 3、FT 4、TRAb水平呈明显正相关(P<0.05)。肝细胞型组、胆汁淤积型组和混合型组患者的年龄、用药时间、ALT、ALP比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲亢患者甲状腺功能异常的严重程度可能与其肝损害相关;抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑引起的肝损害类型可能与患者年龄、病程及用药时间有关。     

Graves病患者甲状腺激素水平正常后sTSH长期抑制机制的探讨

目的 探讨临床上部分Graves病(GD)患者经抗甲状腺药物(ATD)治疗后甲状腺激素水平达到正常,但促甲状腺素(TSH)仍长期处于被抑制状态的机制.方法 入选初发122例GD甲亢患者,予以初始等效剂量的ATD治疗,每月随访时根据甲状腺功能测定的结果酌情减量,并适时添加左旋甲状腺素(L-T4).当甲状腺激素(FT3、FT4)水平持续正常3个月即达随访标准,复查FT3、FT4、sTSH、TSH受体抗体(TRAb),并根据TRAb是否阳性分组比较.结果 122例GD甲亢患者经(7.1±1.1)个月的ATD治疗后,甲状腺激素水平均已经达到正常3个月.随访时,58例TRAb转为阴性,64例TRAb持续阳性.两组甲状腺激素水平无差异, TRAb阳性组的sTSH水平明显低于阴性组[0.044 mIU/L(0.001～4.163 mIU/L) vs 1.749 mIU/L(0.079～4.646 mIU/L),P＜0.01];血清sTSH水平与TRAb呈明显负相关(r=-0.539,P＜0.01),与FT3、FT4、年龄、病程、治疗时间、L-T4剂量、L-T4添加时间等均无相关性.结论 药物治疗过程中,甲状腺激素水平正常的GD患者,其TSH水平长期受抑制的原因与高水平TRAb相关,可能由于TRAb直接与垂体内TSH受体结合,通过超短环反馈抑制TSH的分泌所致.     

甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病危险因素分析

目的 探讨甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)性心脏病发生的危险因素,为控制甲亢性心脏病的发生提供科学依据.方法 2010年3月选择自2000年以来在山东省甲状腺疾病防治中心住院的982例甲亢患者,依据是否并发心脏病分为单纯甲亢组和甲亢性心脏病组,就病因、性别、年龄、病程及游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)、促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)等因素进行比较,并采用Logistic回归方法对甲亢性心脏病发病相关因素进行分析.结果 甲亢患者并发甲亢性心脏病的患病率为7.7%(76/982),甲亢性心脏病组在年龄、病程、FT3和TRAb水平上分别为[(51.4±11.5)岁、(6.3±2.1)年、21.6pmol/L、71.6 U/L],单纯甲亢组为[(37.9±9.8)岁、(2.6±1.3)年、14.9 pmol/L、49.6 U/L],组间比较,差异有统计学意义(u=9.93、15.23,T=44954、48792.5,P均＜0.05).年龄大、FT3,和TRAb水平高、病程长、毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿(相对危险度值分别为1.751、1.470、1.483、1.445、1.234)并发甲亢性心脏病的危险性大.结论 毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿、高龄、病程长、FT3和TRAb水平高是甲亢性心脏病的危险因素,及时预防和控制甲亢性心脏病的危险因素,减少甲亢性心脏病的发生与死亡.

Abstract：

Objective To study the risk factors of hyperthyroid heart diseases(HHD) by analyzing clinical features of patients in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of HHD. Methods Nine hundred and eighty two cases were selected as objective from in-patient data of Thyroid Disease Treatment Centre of Shandong Province. The cases were divided into hyperthyroidism group and HHD group. The variables of etiology,sex, age, duration of disease, TSH, FT3, FT4 and TRAb were analyzed by comparative analysis. The risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results The prevalence of hyperthyroidism complicated hyperthyroid heart disease was 7.7%(76/982), age, duration of diseases, FT3, TRAb in the HHD group were [(51.4 ± 11.5), (6.3 ±2.1) years, 21.6 pmol/L, 71.6 U/L], in hyperthyroidism group were [(37.9 ± 9.8), (2.6 ± 1.3) years, 14.9pmol/L, 49.6 U/L]. The differences were statistically significant(u = 9.93,15.23, T = 44954,48792.5, P ＜ 0.05)between the two groups. The factors of the older, higher FT3 and TRAb, longer duration, Graves disease (OR =1.751,1.470,1.483,1.445,1.234) increased the risk of HHD. Conclusions Graves disease, longer duration, old age, higher FT3 and TRAb are the risk factors of HHD. Timely prevention and control of risk factors is necessary to reduce the incidence of HHD.     

不同治疗手段及甲亢预后与甲状腺自身抗体关系的研究

目的探讨不同治疗手段及甲亢预后与甲状腺自身抗体之间的关系.方法采用放射免疫法(RIA)进行游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT 3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺抗过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)的测定;采用免疫放射法(IRA)进行超敏TSH(s-TSH)的测定;采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)进行TSH受体抗体(TRAb)的测定.结果未经治疗的无药组甲亢患者,其临床症状及体征最明显,甲状腺激素水平最高,TRAb阳性例数最多;抗甲状腺药物治疔组临床症状及体征有所缓解,但TRAb阳性例数较多、甲状腺激素水平较高;放射性碘(131Ⅰ)治疗后远期随访的甲亢患者,其临床症状及体征基本消失,甲状腺激素水平正常,预后最好,TRAb阳性例数为0,TGAb水平基本正常,TPOAb水平升高.结论抗甲药物、131Ⅰ治疗甲亢时,后者治疗后远期疗效最好,甲状腺自身抗体的变化最有利于患者的康复.     

Graves病131I治疗前和治疗一年中促甲状腺素受体抗体水平的动态变化

对157例Graves病131I门诊治疗的病例进行回顾性研究.按131I治疗1年后甲状腺功能状态分成3组:缓解组(FT3、FT4)、部分缓解组(FT3、FT3未降至正常范围)、甲减组(FT3、FT3低于正常).治疗前促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)的阳性率为88.5%.131I治疗后,TRAb在3～6个月时达高峰,之后逐渐下降.甲状腺重量、显著升高的TRAb(≥405 U/L)、FT3、FT3水平是评估预后的指标.     

促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）检测在甲状腺疾病鉴别诊断中的应用

目的分析血清促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）测定在甲状腺疾病临床诊断中的应用价值。方法采用放射受体分析和放射免疫分析法,测定373例甲状腺疾病患者血清TRAb和T3、T4、TSH、FT3、FT4含量,并根据以上参数的含量为标准,把患者分为单纯性甲状腺肿组、桥本氏病组、原发性甲减组、甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）组、药物性甲减组,以45例非甲状腺疾病血清中TRAb和T3、T4、TSH、FT3、FT4含量作为对照组。结果单纯性甲状腺肿组、桥本氏病组血清TRAb含量与正常对照组无差异（χ^2=0.462,P〉0.05）;甲亢组、原发性甲减组血清TRAb含量明显高于正常对照组（χ^2=17.035,P〈0.01）;药物性甲减组血清TRAb含量与甲亢组差异显著（χ^2=4.804,P〈0.05）,与正常组比较亦有显著性差异（χ^2=9.071,P〈0.05）;血清TRAb含量与各组间T3、T4、FT3、FT4及TSH浓度之间无显著相关性（χ^2=0.325,P〉0.05）。结论血清TRAb含量的监测对甲状腺疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断、疗效观察等具有临床应用价值。     

甲状腺自身抗体对常见甲状腺疾病诊治及预后估计的临床价值

目的 研究Graves病、原发甲减、亚甲炎、桥本病中TSH受体抗体(TRAb),甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb),甲状腺微粒体抗体(TMAb),甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)的变化趋势,从而揭示这四种甲状腺自身抗体对于以上四种甲状腺疾病诊治的意义.方法 测定68例上述甲状腺疾病患者的TRAb、TPOAb、TMAb、TGAb水平.结果 ①Graves病组TRAb较其他三种疾病增高更显著,并且治疗1年后随访,复发组该抗体滴度明显高于控制组;②桥本病组TPOAb明显高于其他3种甲状腺疾病,且治疗后1年组TPOAb水平与初发组无明显差异;③原发甲减TPOAb、TMAb、TGAb显著增高,提示可能由桥本病所致;④Graves病,原发甲减,桥本病TGAb水平较亚甲炎高,但在原发甲减与桥本病中无明显差异;⑤Graves病、原发甲减、桥本病TMAb水平较亚甲炎高,但在Graves病与原发甲减、Graves病与桥本病中无明显差异.结论 TRAb在对Graves病确诊、疗效及预后估计方面均具有重要意义,在Graves病复发后可再度增高.TPOAb对桥本病诊断治疗及预后估计方面的意义优于其他抗体,可视为桥本病的特异性抗体、Graves病、原发甲减、桥本病TMAb及TGAb水平较亚甲炎高,但在此三种疾病的鉴别诊断中无显著意义.     

妊娠早期甲状腺功能筛查策略的有效性分析

目的 获得妊娠早期甲状腺功能异常的患病率,进行妊娠早期甲状腺功能筛查策略的有效性分析.方法调查中国沈阳2 899名妊娠早期妇女(4～12周).通过问卷调查方法收集所有孕妇的背景资料,将孕妇分为高风险组与非高风险组.应用妊娠早期特异性甲状腺功能正常参考范围,获得妊娠早期甲状腺功能异常患病率.结果高风险组甲状腺功能减退症患病率明显高于非高风险组(16.3%对5.3%,RR=3.1,95%CI 2.4～4.0,P＜0.01).甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)阳性(RR=4.7,95%CI3.6～6.0,P＜0.01),甲状腺疾病个人史(RR=3.2,95%CI 1.9～5.4,P＜0.01)均可显著增加甲状腺疾病患病的风险.高风险组甲状腺功能亢进症的患病率明显高于非高风险组(3.1%对1.4%,RR=2.2,95%CI 1.2～3.9,P=0.006).TPOAb阳性(RR=2.6,95%CI 1.3～5.0,P=0.007),甲状腺疾病个人史(RR=4.7,95%CI 1.7～12.5,P=0.006)均可显著增加甲状腺功能亢进发生的风险.高风险组与非高风险组间相比低T4血症患病率差异无统计学意义(0.9%对0.9%,x2=0.008,P=0.928).仅在高危孕妇中筛查甲状腺功能会漏掉56.7%甲状腺功能减退症(临床和亚临床)患者及64.7%甲状腺功能亢进症(临床和亚临床)患者.结论推荐对妊娠早期所有孕妇进行甲状腺功能的筛查.筛查指标应当包括TSH、FT4和TPOAb.     

硒治疗自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的荟萃分析

目的 评价元素硒治疗自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)的有效性和安全性.方法 通过5个数据库(MEDLINE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,中国期刊全文数据库,中国生物医学文献数据库和维普数据库)检索所有研究元素硒治疗AITD的随机对照试验(RCT).由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取数据和进行结果的统计分析.将结果数据形式一致的同类临床试验的结果进行荟萃分析,对不能荟萃分析的数据进行描述性分析.共纳入30项RCT,涉及2 963例AITD患者.结果 (1)与对照组相比,硒治疗组桥本甲状腺炎患者甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)和甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)水平明显下降[标准化均数差(SMD)=-1.35,95％ CI:-1.93～-0.67,P ＜0.000 01和SMD=-0.92,95％ CI:-1.53～-0.31,P＜0.01].(2)硒治疗组与对照组相比,Graves病患者促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)水平降低(均数差=-2.5,95％ CI:-2.99～-2.01,P＜0.000 01).(3)元素硒可以降低Graves病患者血清游离T3(FT3)和游离T4(FT4)水平(均数差=-1.57,95％ CI:-2.56～-0.58,P＜0.001和均数差=-3.74,95％ CI:-5.65～-1.82,P=0.000 01),但对桥本甲状腺炎患者FT3、FT4和促甲状腺激素的作用不明显(P均＞0.05).结论 对AITD患者使用200 μg∥d的元素硒治疗3～12个月,能够有效降低抗甲状腺自身抗体(TPOAb,TgAb和TRAb)的水平,并具有较好的安全性.     

Evidence for the effect of antibodies to TSH receptors on the thyroid ultrasonographic volume in patients with Graves' disease

OBJECTIVE it has been demonstrated that antibodies (Ab) to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors (R), which stimulate the thyroid gland, induce hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves' disease. Furthermore, it has been shown in thyroid cells in culture that thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor Ab acts through the adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate pathway which stimulates both thyroid hormonogenesis and growth. We investigated the relations between thyroid autoimmunlty expression and thyroid ultrasonographic parameters or thyroid hormonal status in patients with Graves' disease. PATIENTS A prospective study of 53 consecutive patients referred with untreated Graves' disease. MEASUREMENTS Measurements were made of serum TSH-R, peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) Ab and basal plasma free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3) and TSH. Thyroid morphological characteristics (number and total volume of nodule(s), total volume of lobes and total thyroid volume) were determined by ultrasonography. RESULTS There were significant correlations (P < 0·001) between TSH-RAb levels and FT4 values (r= 0·48) or FT3 levels (r= 0·46). Likewise, significant correlations were found between TSH-RAb levels and total lobe volume values (r= 0·56, P < 0·001), total nodular volume values (r= 0·59, P < 0·01) or total thyroid volume values (r= 0·63, P< 0·001). By contrast, no correlation was found between TSH-RAb levels and the number of nodules or between any of the ultrasonographic parameters and TPOAb levels or TgAB values. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates, in vivo, that TSH receptor antibodies modulate the thyroid ultrasonographic edranodular and nodular volumes in patients with Graves' disease.     

促甲状腺激素受体抗体的检测及其在Graves病诊疗中的价值

血清促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)是Graves病的特征性抗体,伴随生物检验技术的进步,TSAb的检测方法历经了三代发展.目前的多数研究证实,检测TRAb不仅有助于判断甲状腺毒症发生的原因、评估甲状腺功能、制定诊疗方案,同时对Graves病的相关疾病如Graves眼病、胫前黏液性水肿、肝功能损害病情的评估有重要意义,通过监测TRAb可以一定程度上控制Graves病及其并发症的加重或者复发.检测有Graves病病史的孕妇血清TRAb对安全妊娠也有意义.将目前TRAb的检测方法及其临床意义的研究进展作一综述,有助于临床医师通过TRAb做出决策并提高临床疗效.     

Persistent increase in bone turnover in Graves' patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroid patients exhibit accelerated bone loss by increased bone turnover, and normalization of thyroid function is associated with a significant attenuation of increased bone turnover, followed by an increase in bone mineral density. However, of patients with Graves' disease (GD) maintained on antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment, some exhibit persistent suppression of TSH long after normalization of their serum free T3 (FT3) and free T4 (FT4) levels. The aim of this study was to examine whether bone metabolism is still enhanced in TSH-suppressed premenopausal GD patients with normal FT3 and FT4 levels after ATD therapy (n = 19) compared with that in TSH-normal premenopausal GD patients (n = 30), and to evaluate the relationship between serum TSH receptor antibody (TRAb), an indicator of disease activity of GD, and various biochemical markers of bone metabolism. No difference was found between the two groups in serum Ca, phosphorus, or intact PTH, or in urinary Ca excretion. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), bone formation markers, and urinary excretions of pyridinoline (U-PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (U-DPD), which are bone resorption markers, were significantly higher in the TSH-suppression group than in the TSH-normal group (B-ALP, P < 0.05; U-PYD, P < 0.001; U-DPD, P < 0.001). For the group of all GD patients enrolled in this study, TSH, but neither FT3 nor FT4, exhibited a significant negative correlation with B-ALP (r = -0.300; P < 0.05), U-PYD (r = -0.389; P < 0.05), and U-DPD (r = -0.446; P < 0.05), whereas TRAb exhibited a highly positive and significant correlation with B-ALP (r = 0.566; P < 0.0001), U-PYD (r = 0.491; P < 0.001), and U-DPD (r = 0.549; P < 0.0001). Even in GD patients with normal TSH, serum TRAb was positively correlated with B-ALP (r = 0.638; P < 0.001), U-PYD (r = 0.638; P < 0.001), and U-DPD (r = 0.641; P < 0.001). In conclusion, it is important to achieve normal TSH levels during ATD therapy to normalize bone turnover. TRAb was not only a useful marker for GD activity, but was also a very sensitive marker for bone metabolism in GD patients during ATD treatment.     

The role of TSH receptor antibodies in the management of Graves' disease

The central role of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease has been recognised for several decades. However, the practical application of testing for TRAbs in clinical decision making remains the subject of controversy. The diagnosis of Graves' disease can be made in most cases simply based on a patient's clinical presentation. The TRAb test is therefore of most value in ambiguous clinical scenarios such as in the differential diagnosis of unilateral exophthalmos, euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy, subclinical hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis associated with hyperemesis gravidarum, amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and painless thyroiditis. It may also have a role in predicting the risk of a recurrence of Graves' disease following a course of antithyroid drug treatment. One further clinical utility of the TRAb test is in pregnancy where antibody titre measured during the third trimester is used to predict the risk of neonatal thyroid dysfunction. The TRAb titre not only aids in clinching a difficult diagnosis but can also help guide treatment in some patients. Although the TRAb assay has become more affordable in recent years, cost remains an important factor when considering its use routinely. Nonetheless, this is an underutilised blood test that could augment standard endocrine investigations in the differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.     

血清甲状腺激素水平对肺心病合并右心衰竭患者的临床意义

目的：研究分析肺心病合并右心衰患者的血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)等甲状腺激素检测的临床意义。方法选取本院收治的96例肺心病合并右心衰患者作为观察组,另选50例健康体检对象作为健康组,检测并比较两组人群的甲状腺激素水平并进行比较分析,并依据观察组患者的心功能分级进行分层分析。结果观察组患者的 T3、T4、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平显著的低于健康组患者且差异均具有统计学意义(P <0.05),观察组和健康组的促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)水平与健康组差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。心功能Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级患者的 T3、T4、FT3、FT4显著的低于Ⅳ级心功能患者(P <0.05);观察组心功能Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级心功能患者的TSH、TGAb、TPOAb 水平差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论肺心病合并右心衰患者的血清甲状腺激素水平较正常人群发生显著的改变,并且与患者的心功能具有一定的关系。