内固定治疗移位髋臼骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨内固定治疗移位髋臼骨折的疗效.方法 2004年7月至2009年4月共收治64例移位髋臼骨折患者,男40例,女24例;平均年龄47.6岁.按Letournel-Judet方法分型:后壁骨折16例,后柱骨折2例,前柱骨折2例,横行骨折8例,后柱伴后壁骨折8例,横行伴后壁骨折6例,T形骨折6例,前柱伴后壁横行骨折2例,双柱骨折14例.根据不同骨折类型,手术采用Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路32例,髂腹股沟入路16例,前后联合入路(髂腹股沟切口+K-L入路)16例,复位后应用骨盆重建钢板、拉力螺钉内固定. 结果 平均手术时间为3 h,术中平均失血量为800mL.所有患者术后获8～40个月(平均18个月)随访.根据Matta影像学评分,患者伤后2周内手术者53例,其中解剖复位39例,满意复位10例,不满意复位4例,复位优良率为92.5%.伤后2～3周后手术者11例,其中解剖复位4例,满意复位5例,不满意复位2例,复位优良率为81.8%.临床疗效评定结果:优37例,良13例,可8例,差6例,优良率为78.1%.发生创伤性关节炎2例,异位骨化3例(Ⅱ～Ⅲ度),股骨头缺血性坏死1例. 结论 对于移位髋臼骨折,根据不同骨折类型采用不同开放复位策略、尽早选择合理的手术方法是提高疗效的关键.     

髋臼移位骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗髋臼移位骨折的最佳时机、入路选择、复位方法及导致二期关节置换的原因. 方法 1978年9月～2003年12月手术治疗72例有移位的髋臼骨折患者,根据Letournel分型:前柱骨折6例,前壁骨折3例,后壁骨折19例,后柱+后壁骨折3例,后柱骨折7例,横行骨折10例,横行+后壁骨折4例,双柱骨折20例.手术入路:髂腹股沟入路22例,Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路40例,联合人路10例.内固定方法:单纯螺钉固定髋臼后壁大块骨折12例,钢板固定60例. 结果术后X线片诊断(Matta标准):解剖复位53例(73.6%),满意复位10例(13.8%),不满意复位9例(12.5%).随访2～23年(平均7年),髋关节功能依据d'Aubigne标准评定:临床优良率为75.0%,可13.9%,差11.1%.依据Epstein标准X线片示优良率为72.0%,可15.2%,差12.5%.异位骨化按Brooker标准:髂腹股沟入路无异位骨化,K-L入路I～Ⅱ度5例,Ⅲ度1例.7例患者二期行髋关节置换术.结论 正确地掌握手术时机、手术入路和骨折复位方法是取得理想复位的关键,而理想的复位是获得满意疗效的基础.     

髋臼骨折手术治疗的探讨

目的 探讨髋臼骨折的治疗方法。方法 26例髋臼骨折按Letournel分型，后壁骨折12例，后柱伴后壁骨折4例，横行加后壁骨折3例，T型骨折5例，前柱加后半横行骨折2例。根据不同骨折类型，分别采用加压螺纹钉、重建钢板或螺钉钢丝内固定等方法，术后进行良好的功能锻炼。结果 26例病人平均随访17个月，根据赵炼才等提出的疗效评定标准：优18例，良4例，尚可3例，差1例。结论 正确的诊断分型对手术入路及内固定的选择起着决定性作用，有利于关节的重建，确保良好的功能恢复。     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的介绍应用不同手术入路及方法治疗髋臼骨折的经验。方法回顾性总结了2001年～2004年收治的资料完整的手术治疗髋臼骨折61例,分型按照Letournel—Judet骨折分型：髋臼后壁骨折的6例,后柱骨折的7例,前柱骨折3例,横行骨折8例,“T”形骨折6例,后壁伴后柱骨折10例,前方伴后方半横行骨折3例,双柱骨折9例,根据不同骨折类型采用重建钢板及拉力螺钉固定。结果全部患者均得以随访,平均随访15．4个月,复位情况按Judet等的方法来进行评估：解剖复位48例,满意复位9例,不满意4例。髋关节功能按Harris评分系统进行评估：优40例,良10例,可7例,差4例。结论手术治疗是髋臼骨折的有效治疗办法,手术人路的选择,复位的质量、尤其是臼顶的复位、牢固的固定及早期功能锻炼是治疗的关键。     

手术治疗髋臼横形骨折伴后壁骨折

目的 介绍应用前后入路治疗髋臼横行骨折伴后壁骨折的手术经验。方法 回顾分析1999-2006年收治的资料完整的手术治疗髋臼横形骨折伴髋臼后壁骨折或股骨头脱位患者11例，按照Letournel-Judet骨折分型为复杂骨折中髋臼横形骨折伴髋臼后壁骨折，按AO分型为B1-2型。骨折采用重建钢板及螺钉固定。结果 全部患者均得以随访，平均随访3年。复位情况按Judet等方法进行评估，解剖复位6例，满意复位4例，不满意1例。髋关节功能按美国矫形外科研究院髋关节功能的方法进行评估，优6例，良可4例，差1例。结论 手术是髋臼横形骨折伴髋臼后壁骨折治疗的有效方法，前后入路、复位质鼍、牢固固定是治疗关键。     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨髋臼骨折的分型、手术入路的选择及手术效果.方法 手术治疗22例髋臼骨折患者,后壁骨折和后柱加后壁骨折选择K-L入路,前柱、前壁骨折及横断骨折选择髂腹股沟入路,前后移位明显的横断骨折、T形骨折、双柱骨折选择前后联合入路.结果 22例均获随访,时间6个月~5年,骨折6~9个月均愈合.按Matta评定标准:解剖复位 9例,满意复位13例.根据改良的Merle d′Aubigne-Poster髋关节功能评分标准:优7例,良10例,可4例,差1例.1例股骨头坏死,3例创伤性关节炎,2例异位骨化.结论 按髋臼骨折的分型选择合适的手术入路和良好的骨折复位内固定是获得满意疗效的前提.     

手术治疗髋臼骨折28例

目的 探讨切开复位内固定治疗髋臼骨折的方法和效果。方法 28例按照Letournel分型，髋臼前壁骨折2例，前柱骨折5例，前壁并前柱骨折3例，后壁骨折6例，后柱骨折2例，后壁并后柱骨折3例，横形骨折2例，横形并后壁骨折2例，双柱骨折3例。采用髋腹股沟切口12例，Kocher-Langenbeck切口13例，延长的髋股切口3例。骨折复位后用骨盆重建钢板内固定22例，可吸收螺钉内固定6例。结果 按Matta标准；解剖复位15例，满意复位9例，不满意复位4例。结论 根据髋臼骨折类型选择手术入路，骨折复位满意，内固定可靠。     

髋臼骨折的CT分型与手术入路选择

目的探讨应用髋臼骨折的CT分型指导手术入路选择，提高髋臼骨折的治疗水平。方法2002年12月至2007年9月间对21例髋臼骨折患者术前应用CT扫描，按髋臼骨折的Judet—Letoumel分型选择手术入路，4例后壁骨折、5例后柱骨折及2例横行骨折采用Kocher—Langeneback入路，2例前柱骨折、5例双柱骨折采用髂腹股沟入路；2例移位较重双柱骨折，采用前后联合入路；1例前壁骨折伴股骨头前上方骨折，采用髂股入路。采用专用器械及骨盆重建钢板和螺丝钉对骨折进行复位和固定；骨折距手术的时间为6—10d。结果随访6～57个月，平均18个月。术后骨折复位的质量按Matta影像学评定：解剖复位12例，良好复位8例，不满意复位1例。根据Merledd’Aubigne和Postel评分标准：临床疗效优13例，良5例，一般2例，差1例。结论CT扫描能明确髋臼骨折移位和粉碎程度，用术前CT分型指导手术入路的选择能提高手术治疗的临床效果。     

Judet-Letournel分型个体化手术入路内固定与选择性植骨治疗髋臼骨折

目的探讨根据Judet-Letournel分型选择个体化手术入路手术治疗髋臼骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2015-05诊治的14例髋臼骨折。骨折根据Judet-Letournel分型:前柱骨折1例,后壁骨折1例,后柱骨折2例,横断伴后壁骨折2例,T形骨折2例,双柱骨折2例,前方伴后方半横形骨折4例。根据Judet-Letournel分型选择手术入路,所有患者均用重建钢板配合拉力螺钉内固定及选择性植骨治疗。结果骨折复位按照Matta评分标准评定:解剖复位11例,满意复位2例,不满意复位1例,复位满意率92.9%。14例均获随访1.2~5.0(3.2±0.8)年。末次随访疗效按改良Merle D'Aubigne和Postel评分系统评定:优10例,良2例,可2例。随访期内无内固定松动、异位骨化及深静脉血栓形成。结论根据Judet-Letournel分型系统选择个体化手术入路及复位内固定,选择性植骨治疗髋臼骨折具有固定可靠、并发症少等优点,能显著提高疗效。     

手术治疗移位髋臼骨折31例

目的探讨移位髋臼骨折的手术方法和疗效。方法回顾分析2003年5月至2009年7月在我院治疗的31例移位髋臼骨折,按Letournel分类方法而采用不同手术入路使用重建钢板及螺钉内固定治疗后壁骨折6例,后柱骨折4例,前壁骨折2例,前柱骨折3例,横行骨折6例,横行伴后壁骨折3例,双柱骨折2例,后壁伴后柱骨折3例,T型骨折2例。结果所有病例获3-36个月随访,按美国矫形外科评价髋关节功能的方法进行评价,优20例,良6例,可3例,差2例,优良率为83.8%。结论术前结合X线CT正确判断髋臼骨折类型,选择合适的手术入路,使骨折复位精确,结合重建钢板和螺钉固定,可获得良好的治疗效果。     

重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼骨折临床分析

目的探讨重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼骨折的临床效果。方法髋臼骨折患者21例,根据Letournel-Judet分型[1]:后壁骨折11例,后柱骨折5例,后壁伴后柱骨折3例,前柱骨折2例。均采用重建钢板内固定治疗,其中2例前柱骨折患者取平卧位,采用髂腹股沟入路,余19例取侧卧位,采用Kocher-Langenbeck入路。结果所有病例均获随访,平均24(12~48)个月。按Matta标准评定疗效:优10例,良8例,可2例,差1例,优良率85.7%。结论重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼骨折,固定牢固,骨折愈合好,术后并发症少,恢复行走快,是治疗髋臼骨折的有效方法之一。     

经口单开门小钛板复位固定治疗寰椎前后弓骨折

目的探讨利用单开门小钛板经口复位固定治疗寰椎前后弓骨折的临床疗效。方法 2012年11月—2015年11月,应用经口单开门小钛板复位固定术治疗寰椎前后弓骨折患者13例,其中寰椎前弓1处骨折合并后弓1处骨折6例,寰椎前弓2处骨折合并后弓1处骨折3例,寰椎前弓1处骨折合并后弓2处骨折和寰椎前弓2处骨折合并后弓2处骨折各2例。记录手术前后美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级及视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,术后定期随访复查X线片、CT以评价寰椎骨折复位、骨折愈合和内固定情况以及寰枢椎的稳定性。结果 13例患者均顺利完成手术,术中未发生脊髓及椎动脉损伤。术前ASIA分级D级2例,E级11例,术后均为E级;VAS评分由术前的(6.2±1.8)分降低至术后的(2.0±0.8)分。随访3~24个月,X线片、CT复查示小钛板固定良好、无松动,骨折均获骨性愈合,无寰枢椎失稳、脱位发生。结论经口单开门小钛板复位固定是治疗寰椎前后弓骨折的有效方法,初步临床应用效果满意。     

Odontoid fractures: A retrospective analysis of 53 cases

Background:

The management of odontoid fracture has evolved but controversy persists as to the best method for Type II odontoid fractures with or without atlantoaxial (AA) instability. The anterior odontoid screw fixation can be associated with significant morbidity while delayed odontoid screw fixation has shown to be associated with reasonable good fusion rates. We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the outcome of a trial of conservative management in type II odontoid fractures without atlantoaxial instability (Group A) followed by delayed odontoid screw fixation in cases in which fusion was not achieved by conservative treatment. The outcome of type II odontoid fracture with AA subluxation (Group B) was also analysed where closed reduction on traction could be achieved and in those atlantoaxial subluxations that were irreducible an intraoperative reduction was done.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective evaluation of 53 cases of odontoid fractures treated over a 9-year period is being reported. All odontoid fractures without AA instability (n=29) were initially managed conservatively. Three patients who did not achieve union with conservative management were treated with delayed anterior screw fixation. Twenty-four cases of odontoid fractures were associated with AA instability; 17 of them could be reduced with skeletal traction and were managed with posterior fusion and fixation. Of the seven cases that were irreducible, the initial three cases were treated by odontoid excision followed by posterior fusion and fixation; however, in the later four cases, intra operative reduction was achieved by a manipulation procedure, and posterior fusion and fixation was performed.

Results:

Twenty-six of 29 cases of odontoid fracture without AA instability achieved fracture union with conservative management whereas the remaining three patients achieved union following delayed anterior odontoid screw fixation. 17 out of 24 odontoid fracture with atlantoaxial dislocation could be reduced on traction and these patients underwent posterior fusion and fixation. Optimal or near optimal reduction was achieved by on table manipulation in four cases which were irreducible with skeletal traction. Atlantoaxial stability was achieved in all cases. All cases were noted to be stable on evaluation with x-rays at six months.

Conclusions:

The initial conservative management and use of odontoid screw fixation only in cases where conservative management for 6–12 weeks has failed to provide fracture union have shown good outcome in type II odontoid fracture without AA instability rates. Intraoperative manipulation and reduction in patients where AA subluxation failed to reduce on skeletal traction followed by posterior fusion obviates the need for transoral odontoid excision.     

髋臼骨折手术并发症分析

目的探讨髋臼骨折手术并发症,提高髋臼骨折手术疗效。方法1998年6月~2006年12月手术治疗髋臼骨折95例,按Letounel-Judet分型,其中后壁骨折22例,后柱骨折8例,前壁骨折5例,前柱骨折6例,横形骨折15例,后柱伴后壁骨折8例,横形伴后壁骨折12例,"T"形骨折5例,前柱伴后半横形骨折3例,双柱骨折11例。根据不同骨折类型,手术分别采用Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路52例,髂腹股沟入路35例,前后联合入路6例,髂股入路2例。对术后患者关节功能和主要并发症进行分析。结果所有病例平均随访26.8(6~48)个月。术后发生创伤性关节炎10例、股骨头坏死7例、异位骨化15例、坐骨神经损伤8例。结论正确选择手术时机、切口入路和内固定植入位置是减少髋臼骨折手术并发症的关键。     

真骨盆缘完整的髋臼高位前柱骨折的治疗

 目的 探讨真骨盆缘完整的髋臼高位前柱骨折的治疗方法。方法 2006年 1月至 2010 年 1月, 治疗 12例真骨盆缘完整的髋臼高位前柱骨折, 男 8例, 女 4例;年龄 29~46岁, 平均 35.6岁;挤 压伤 7例, 压砸伤 3例, 高处坠落伤 2例。术前常规摄骨盆正位、闭孔斜位、髂骨斜位 X线片及 CT扫描。 根据是否合并后壁骨折及髂骨骨折块的完整性分为单纯型 5例, 合并后壁型 6例, 粉碎型 1例。 5例单纯型及 2例合并较小的无移位后壁型骨折者采用髂股入路行髂嵴支持钢板加髂骨前缘拉力螺钉固定; 4例合并明显移位的后壁型骨折者采用前后联合入路行拉力螺钉、支持钢板固定;1例粉碎型骨折采用 扩展髂股入路行钢板螺钉固定。结果 12例患者均获得随访, 随访时间 14~37个月, 平均 26.7个月。术后按 Matta影像学评定标准, 优 8例, 良 3例, 差 1;优良率为 92%。无一例发生骨折不愈合及内固定断 裂。末次随访按 Matta改良的 Merled爷Aubigne和 Postel功能评分系统评分为 11~18分, 平均 16.8分;优 7例, 良 4例, 差 1例;优良率为 92%。 1例发生异位骨化和轻度的创伤性关节炎。结论 选择合理的手 术入路、解剖复位、坚强固定是治疗真骨盆缘完整的髋臼高位前柱骨折的关键。     

Open reduction and internal fixation of the posterior malleolus fragment via the posterolateral approach is radiologically superior to ‘A to P’ screw fixation

PurposeFunctional outcome in trimalleolar fractures is largely correlated to the reduction of the posterior fragment. Until recently, fixation was mainly performed for large fragments, by percutaneous anterior to posterior (‘A to P’) screw placement after closed reduction. Nowadays, ORIF via a posterolateral approach seems to gain in popularity. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative photographs of operated trimalleolar fractures after either fracture treatment method, for fracture diastasis and step-off.Material and methodsAll consecutive patients with trimalleolar fractures, including posterior fragments of >5% of the articular surface and operated between 2007–2013 were analysed on size of posterior fragment, post-operative gap and step-off by three observers. The patients were divided into three groups; A to P screw fixation, ORIF via the posterolateral approach and no posterior fragment fixation at all.Results180 patients with trimalleolar ankle fractures were included for analyses. Twenty five posterior fragments were fixated percutaneously from anterior to posterior (group 1) and 51 underwent open reduction and internal fixation through a posterolateral approach (group 2). 104 patients underwent no posterior malleolus fixation (group 3). The average size of posterior fragment was 34% in group 1, 27% in group 2 and 16% in group 3. A postoperative step-off >1 mm was found in 40% (group 1), 9% (group 2) or 34% respectively (group 3).ConclusionsFixation of the posterior malleolus through an open posterolateral approach leads to better radiological results as compared to percutaneous ‘A to P’ screw fixation or no fixation at all.     

Modified Kocher-Langenbeck approach in combined surgical exposures for acetabular fractures management

Background:

Displaced fractures of the acetabulum are best treated with anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation. Adequate visualization of some acetabular fracture types may necessitate extensile or combined anterior and posterior approaches. Simultaneous anterior iliofemoral and posterior Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) exposures with two surgical teams have also been described. To assess whether modified Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) approach can substitute standard K-L approach in the management of elementary acetabular fractures other than the anterior wall and anterior column fractures and complement anterior surgical approaches in the management of complex acetabular fractures.

Materials and Methods:

20 patients with transverse and associated acetabular fractures requiring posterior exposure were included in this prospective study. In 9 cases (7 transverse, 1 transverse with posterior wall, and 1 posterior column with posterior wall), stabilization was done through modified K-L approach. In 11 cases (3 transverse and 8 associated fractures), initial stabilization through iliofemoral approach was followed by modified K-L approach.

Results:

The average operative time was 183 min for combined approach and 84 min for modified K-L approach. The postoperative reduction was anatomical in 17 patients and imperfect in 3 patients. The radiological outcome was excellent in 15, good in 4, and poor in one patient. The clinical outcome was excellent in 15, good in 3 and fair and poor in 1 each according to modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scoring system.

Conclusion:

We believe that modified K-L approach may be a good alternative for the standard K-L approach in the management of elementary fractures and associated fractures of the acetabulum when combined with an anterior surgical approach. It makes the procedure less invasive, shortens the operative time, minimizes blood loss and overcomes the exhaustion and fatigue of the surgical team.     

胫骨pilon骨折治疗中踝关节外侧结构损伤恢复的重要性

目的 探讨踝关节外侧结构稳定性在胫骨pilon骨折治疗中的意义.方法 从2005年7月至2008年1月共收治18例胫骨pilon骨折伴踝关节外侧结构损伤患者,其中男13例,女5例,平均年龄41.3岁.闭合性骨折16例,开放性骨折2例.AO分型:B1型3例,B2型5例;C1型3例,C2型7例.对于12例闭合性胫骨pilon骨折患者,首先采用后外侧切口进行腓骨复位和内固定,接着采用改良前内侧切口进行胫骨Chaput结节的复位和固定,中间关节面以及内侧骨块参照Chaput结节进行复位.对于2例开放性骨折和4例伴有严重软组织损伤或多发伤的闭合性胫骨pilon骨折患者,采用分期手术治疗,一期腓骨切开复位钢板内固定结合内侧胫骨跨踝关节外固定支架固定,对内侧结构只做克氏针或螺钉临时复位固定,二期(平均14 d后)拆除胫骨外固定支架或行胫骨切开复位钢板内固定. 结果 14例患者术后获8～30个月(平均18.4个月)随访,4例失访.14例骨折均获骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为5.4个月.关节面复位评价:解剖复位9例,一般4例,差1例.临床功能评价:优6例,良3例,可4例,差1例.1例开放性胫骨pilon骨折外固定后出现感染,在抗感染治疗后7周更换内固定,同时放置庆大霉素珠链,术后30周骨折愈合. 结论踝关节外侧结构稳定性的恢复在胫骨pilon骨折治疗中极其重要.