应用腰椎间盘镜手术系统(MED)结合区域定位治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：探讨应用腰椎间盘镜手术系统（MicroEndoscopic Discectomy system,MED)结合腰椎间盘突出症区域定位提高腰椎间盘突出症治疗效果。方法：对应用MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症病人。术前进行腰椎间盘突出症区域定位分析。根据分析效果。方法：对应用MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症病人。术前进行腰椎间盘突出症区域定位分析。根据分析结果，指导MED置入和操作。清除椎间盘突出症区域内卡压因素。结果：本组45例。47个椎间盘，术前进行区域定位分析；层面：Ⅰ层面：30个，Ⅰ-Ⅲ层面：15个；Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ层面；2个；区：1-2区：41个；2-3区；2个；2-1-2区；3个；1-2-3区：1个：域：b域：P44个；c域：3个。疗效评估分三次进行；第一次评估，优：37例，良：8例，差：0例，第二次评估。优：41例，良：3例，差：1例。第三次评估。优：43例。良：1例，差：1例。结论：MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症，术前进行腰椎间盘突出症区域定位分析。对提高MED疗效有重要意义。     

腰椎间盘突出症硬膜外封闭治疗无效与影像学区域定位相关性分析

目的　探讨腰椎间盘突出症硬膜外封闭治疗无效与影像学 (包括CT、MRI)区域定位的相关因素。方法对 90例硬膜外封闭治疗无效的腰椎间盘突出症患者 ,按照胡有谷的影像学区域定位法进行分类 ,并与手术结果进行对比分析。结果　影像学区域定位与手术探查结果比较显示 :(1)区域定位见位于Ⅲ或Ⅱ层面为主的椎间盘突出 30例中 ,手术证实属脱出型或游离型共 2 6例 (占 86 .7% ) ,4例为突出型 ;(2 )区域定位见c～d区域突出 34例 ,手术均见间盘突出巨大、硬脊膜及神经根压迫严重 ;(3)影像学见突出并有黄韧带增厚或小关节内聚增生、椎板增厚或椎体后缘骨赘增生或腰椎不稳 31例 ,全部与手术所见基本相符。本组 90例影像学除见椎间盘突出外 ,并可见上述之一项影像学征者共 76例 ,占84.4 %。结论　腰椎间盘突出症硬膜外封闭治疗无效与下列影像学征有关 :(1)位于Ⅲ或Ⅱ层面为主的突出 ;(2 )突出超过b域 ;(3)突出在 3区 ;(4)突出并有黄韧带增厚、钙化 ;(5)突出并有椎体后缘或小关节内聚骨质增生、椎板增厚 ;(6)突出并腰椎不稳。     

高位腰椎间盘突出症与椎体楔形变的关系

目的 探讨高位腰椎间盘突出症与邻近椎体楔形变的关系.方法 回顾性研究本院2013年5月～2017年8月间因高位腰椎间盘突出症而接受手术的患者42例.收集并分析其临床及影像结果 ,并与低位腰椎间盘突出症患者进行对比.结果 高位腰椎间盘突出症组椎体楔形变的发生率明显高于低位腰椎间盘突出症组(64.3％vs 28.6％,P=0.001);组间椎体楔形变的角度以及胸腰椎后凸角度差异显著(P<0.001).多因素回归分析发现,椎体楔形变角度[OR=0.668,95％CI=(0.511-0.818),P<0.001]及胸腰椎后凸角度[OR=0.815,95％CI=(0.715-0.942),P<0.001]是高位腰椎间盘突出症的独立风险因素.椎体楔形变及胸腰椎后凸角度的临界值分别为5.13°(敏感性=0.822,特异性=0.791,AUC=0.892,P<0.001)和8.66°(敏感性=0.877,特异性=0.741,AUC=0.903,P<0.001).结论 椎体楔形变是症状性高位腰椎间盘突出的独立风险因素,椎体楔形变角度>5.13°以及胸腰椎后凸角度>8.66°是高位腰椎间盘突出症的预警值.     

腰椎MR成像椎间盘终板区Modic征象的诊断价值

目的探讨腰椎终板区椎体MRI征象特征及其在腰腿痛病因诊断中的价值。方法回顾分析106例有腰痛伴或不伴下肢放射痛病人132个椎间节段和86例正常成人112个椎间节段腰椎间盘近终板区椎体MRI信号改变(Modic征)发生率,并与手术病理学检查对照,评价其诊断价值。临床治疗效果依据手术前、后Oswestry下腰痛功能障碍指数评定法评定。MRI敏感性=阳性/(阳性+假阴性)×100%。结果腰腿痛病人组和正常对照组Modic征发生率分别为53.03%、3.57%,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05)。其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型发生率分别12.7%、23.9%和2.1%。以腰腿痛为主要症状者多表现为Ⅰ、Ⅱ型病变(P<0.05)。病程在1年以内者多表现为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型病变,超过1年者以Ⅲ型变化为主。Oswestry功能障碍指数由74.68%改善为18.37%,手术效果良好。Modic征对诊断椎间盘源性腰腿痛敏感性为73.9%。结论腰腿痛病人腰椎MR成像Modic征发生率较正常人高,且以Ⅰ、Ⅱ型多见,是诊断椎间盘退变性下腰痛较敏感的影像学参数。     

法捷兹坦(Fajerztain)氏征在腰椎间盘突出症手术中的意义

目的　探讨法捷兹坦 (Fajerztain)氏征即间接直腿抬高试验阳性征在腰椎间盘突出症手术中可能出现的病理情况。方法　对 35例有此征阳性的腰椎间盘突出症病人进行后路手术观察。结果　“腋下型”腰椎间盘突出 2 3例 ,“中央型”8例 ,“肩上型”1例 ,“前侧型”3例 ;膨出型 2例 ,突出型 2 7例 ,脱出型 6例 ;神经根与周围组织明显粘连 18例 ,侧隐窝狭窄 13例 ,神经根管狭窄 5例。结论　腰椎间盘突出症之法捷兹坦 (Fajerztain)氏征阳性可能出现的病理情况为 :(1)“腋下型”或“中央型”腰椎间盘突出 ;(2 )突出间盘巨大 ;(3)伴有神经根与周围组织明显粘连 ;(4)伴有侧隐窝或神经根管狭窄。对其进行评估 ,对指导手术具有重要意义     

神经肌电图在腰椎间盘突出症诊断中的应用价值分析

目的探讨神经肌电图检查在腰椎间盘突出症诊断中的应用价值。方法对40例腰椎间盘突出症患者进行神经肌电图、腰椎MRI检查,并进行腰椎JOA评分,分析神经肌电图的临床特点及与腰椎MRI、JOA评分的相关性。结果 40例腰椎间盘突出症患者,神经肌电图异常37例,其中L5、S1神经根较常受累,其次是L4神经根受累,多累及1～2个神经根节段,与腰椎MRI所示的受累神经节段一致。神经肌电图与腰椎MRI结果完全符合34例(85%),不符合6例(15%),其中3例(7.5%)神经肌电图正常,但腰椎MRI有椎间盘突出表现,另外3例(7.5%)均表现为腰椎MRI L3/4、 L4/5椎间盘突出,但神经肌电图显示S1神经根亦受累。神经肌电图评分与腰椎MRI分级呈正相关(OR=0.436,P=0.005),而与JOA评分呈负相关(OR=-0.424,P=0.006)。结论神经肌电图与腰椎MRI反映腰椎间盘突出症受累神经根节段一致性较高,能弥补腰椎MRI检查的不足,反映神经根受压的严重程度。     

腰椎间盘突出症的区域定位

目的：依据腰椎间盘突出的ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ显示的影像，提出腰椎间盘宾区域定位，为腰椎间盘突出症做出更精确的诊断，方法：（１）将突出椎间盘在椎管内所处的位置从矢状位，水平位和额状位予以定位，矢状位分为椎间盘层面（Ｉ层面）椎间盘上层面（Ⅱ层面）椎间盘下平面（Ⅲ层面）。水平位分为正中区（１区）旁正中区（２区），外侧区（３区）和极外侧区（４区）。额状位分为ａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄ域。（２）随机统计腰椎间盘突出症手术组与非     

膝骨关节炎与腰椎间盘突出症关系的临床研究

[目的]探讨膝骨关节炎与腰椎间盘突出症的关系,明确腰椎间盘突出症是膝骨关节炎的致病因素,提高防治膝骨关节炎效果.[方法]采用对比分析的方法:(1)对确诊骨关节炎患者50例行腰椎CT或MRI检查,确定其腰椎间盘突出症的发生率,同时确定其中L3、4突出的发生率;同时比较L3、4腰椎间盘突出程度与膝骨关节炎病情严重程度的关系;(2)对确诊无骨关节炎的对照组30例行腰椎CT或MRI检查,比较其腰椎间盘突出症的发生率,同时确定其中L3、4突出症的发生率;(3)对确诊腰椎间盘突出症患者50例,进行膝关节检查,确定其骨关节炎的发生率.确定其中L3、4腰椎间盘突出症发生率,确定L3、4突出症合并骨关节炎的发生率;(4)对排除腰椎间盘突出症的对照组30例,进行膝关节检查,确定其骨关节炎的发生率.[结果](1)确诊骨关节炎的50例患者中有43例并发腰椎间盘突出症(86％).其中L34突出35例(70％).L3、4椎间盘突出程度与膝骨关节炎病情严重程度相关,P1=0.02;(2)对确诊无骨关节炎的患者30例,其腰椎间盘突出症5例,L3、4突出症者1例.骨关节炎组及非骨关节炎组中腰椎间盘突出症发生率不同,有明显统计学差异,P1 =0.002;(3)确诊有腰椎间盘突出症的患者50例中骨关节炎31例(62％),其中L3、4腰椎间盘突出症患者21例中,合并骨关节炎21例,发生率100％.非L3、4腰椎间盘突出症患者29例,合并骨关节炎10例,非L3、4椎间盘突出症和L3、4腰椎间盘突出症患者合并骨关节炎发生率有统计学差异,P2 =0.04;(4)排除腰椎间盘突出症的对照组30例中确定骨关节炎6例(20％).腰椎间盘突出症与非腰椎间盘突出症合并骨关节炎的发生率有明显统计学差异性,P1 =0.03.[结论]腰椎间盘突出症与膝骨关节炎发生有高度相关性,尤其是L3、4椎间盘突出症更明显,L3、4椎间盘突出症是骨关节炎的重要致病因素.     

腰椎间盘突出症CT分型与硬膜外注射术疗效分析

目的:探讨硬膜外注射术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的适应证,以及不同CT分型患者的疗效差异。方法:采用胡有谷的影像学区域定位法分类,回顾性分析195例腰椎间盘突出症患者的治疗效果,其中男99例,女96例;年龄22~74岁。主要症状:腰痛,单侧下肢或双下肢的放射痛及皮肤痛觉减退,间歇性跛行等,均采用硬膜外注射术治疗。结果:疗效评定根据MacNab改良标准,突出物位于Ⅰ层、1区、2区、1-2区及a域,优良率分别为95.4%、92.6%、90.0%、84.3%、94.4%,疗效优于其他区域,差异有统计学意义。结论:硬膜外注射术是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的较好方法,而对于按胡有谷的CT区域定位法分类,突出物位于Ⅰ层、1区、2区、1-2区及a域的患者疗效更佳。     

腰椎间盘突出症发病时的功能状态与影像学区域定位的关系

 目的 探讨腰椎间盘突出症影像区域定位与发病时功能状态的关系。方法 2006年1月到2010年4月收治腰椎间盘突出症患者261例（284节段）,男162例,女99例;年龄14～67岁,平均42.1岁;病史1～38个月,平均14.6个月。体力者35例,中度体力者133例,轻度体力者93例。回顾性分析患者的MRI或CT片（MRI 188例,CT 73例）,从矢状位、横断位和冠状位依据胡有谷区域定位法对突出椎间盘进行影像区域定位描述。分析不同影像区域定位患者发病时的Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue score,VAS）,评估不同影像区域定位患者发病时功能状态的差异。结果 腰椎间盘突出位于矢状位Ⅰ层151个节段（53.2%）、Ⅱ层11个节段（3.9%）、Ⅲ层122个节段（43.0%）;横断位1区7个节段（2.5%）、2区209个节段（73.6%）、3区61个节段（21.5%）、4区7个节段（2.5%）;冠状位a域78个节段（27.5%）、b域162个节段（57.0%）、c域41个节段（14.4%）、d域3个节段（1.1%）。发病时ODI 20%～90%,平均56.91%±13.62%;JOA评分0～24分,平均（13.57±4.68）分;疼痛VAS评分3～10分,平均（6.09±1.89）分。矢状位、横断位、冠状位不同影像区域者的ODI、JOA、疼痛VAS的差异均无统计学意义。结论 依据胡有谷区域定位法,腰椎间盘突出症的影像区域定位以Ⅰ层、2区、b域多见。不同影像区域定位者发病时的功能评分无差异,影像学上突出椎间盘的空间位置与患者发病时的功能状态无关。     

大肠癌患者红细胞中铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性研究

目的:监测大肠癌患者外周血中红细胞铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)活性变化与病程的相关性,以了解其对预后的临床意义。方法：对86例病程明确的大肠癌患者作红细胞CuZn-SOD活性的动态测定,与同期健康人作测定对照,并作统计学分析。结果：实验观察组与正常对照组有非常显著性差异(P     

成年人股骨颈骨折分型的研究进展北大核心CSCD

成年人股骨颈骨折的治疗仍然是目前创伤骨科医生面临的一项艰难挑战,不同治疗方案的治疗效果不同。治疗效果受多种因素影响,如年龄、性别、术前身体状况等,其中股骨颈骨折的分型方法对治疗方案选择及预后判断具有重要指导作用。目前临床上经典的成年人股骨颈骨折分型方法主要有Garden分型、AO/OTA分型及Pauwels分型等。近年来,随着科技的进步,一些先进的技术应用于临床,如CT、MRI、数字减影血管造影等,从而出现了新的分型方法,但各自都存在不足,有待于完善。本文就成年人股骨颈骨折分型的研究进展及治疗原则作一综述。     

Preliminary report on the International Conference for the Development of Standards for the Treatment of Anorectal Malformations

Background

Anorectal malformations (ARM) are common congenital anomalies seen throughout the world. Comparison of outcome data has been hindered because of confusion related to classification and asssessment systems.

Methods

The goals of the Krinkenbeck Conference on ARM was to develop standards for an International Classification of ARM based on a modification of fistula type and adding rare and regional variants, and design a system for comparable follow up studies.

Results

Lesions were classified into major clinical groups based on the fistula location (perineal, recto-urethral, recto-vesical, vestibular), cloacal lesions, those with no fistula and anal stenosis. Rare and regional variants included pouch colon, rectal atresia or stenosis, rectovaginal fistula, H-fistula and others. Groups would be analyzed according to the type of procedure performed stratified for confounding associated conditions such as sacral anomalies and tethered cord. A standard method for postoperative assessment of continence was determined.

Conclusions

A new International diagnostic classification system, operative groupings and a method of postoperative assessment of continence was developed by consensus of a large contingent of participants experienced in the management of patients with ARM. These methods should allow for a common standardization of diagnosis and comparing postoperative results.     

脊柱侧凸的手术治疗

目的 探讨脊柱侧凸的分类与手术治疗的关系及其临床效果。方法应用三维矫正技术治疗10例脊柱侧凸(先天性5例,特发性5例)。结果随访6～30个月,10例脊柱侧凸矫正率平均40％,无手术并发症。结论脊柱侧凸明确分类、制定有效的手术方案是提高侧凸矫正效果的前提。     

The DeBakey classification exactly reflects late outcome and re-intervention probability in acute aortic dissection with a slightly modified type II definition

Objective: The DeBakey classification was used to discriminate the extent of acute aortic dissection (AD) and was correlated to long-term outcome and re-intervention rate. A slight modification of type II subgroup definition was applied by incorporating the aortic arch, when full resectability of the dissection process was given. Methods: Between January 2001 and March 2010, 118 patients (64% male, mean age 59 years) underwent surgery for acute AD. As many as 74 were operated on for type I and 44 for type II AD. Complete resection of all entry sites was performed, including antegrade stent grafting for proximal descending lesions. Results: Patients were comparable with respect to demographics and preoperative hemodynamic status. They underwent isolated ascending replacement, hemiarch, or total arch replacement in 7%, 26%, and 67% in type I, versus 27%, 37%, and 36% in type II, respectively. Additional descending stent grafting was performed in 33/74 (45%) type I patients. In-hospital mortality was 14%, 16% (12/74) in type I versus 9% (4/44, type II), p = 0.405. After 5 years, the estimated survival rate was 63% in type I versus 80% in type II, p = 0.135. In type II, no distal aortic re-intervention was required. In type I, the freedom of distal re-interventions was 82% in patients with additional stent grafting versus 53% in patients without, p = 0.022. Conclusions: The slightly modified DeBakey classification exactly reflects late outcome and aortic re-intervention probability. Thus, in type II patients, the aorta seems to be healed without any probability of later re-operation or re-intervention.     

Shear wave elastography contribution in ultrasound diagnosis management of breast lesions

PurposeTo determine the diagnosis performance of shear wave elastography in the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions and the factors influencing the elasticity values. To suggest an appropriate management of breast lesions using the ultrasound-elastography combination.Patients and methodsMonocentric retrospective study of 167 breast lesions classified by conventional ultrasound as BI-RADS category 3 or higher that underwent an elastography study and histological analysis.ResultsThe analysis of qualitative parameters, according to the classification established in this study, allows us to obtain a sensitivity of 91.1% and a specificity of 92.3%. These values are very close to or better than the quantitative parameters Emax and Emean. Different Emax thresholds values were established based on the long axis of the lesion and its palpable character, which appeared to be significant factors influencing elasticity. The management of breast lesions by combining ultrasound and elastography, as proposed here, allows us to keep the sensitivity of an ultrasound (96%), while doubling its specificity (86.2% versus 43.1%).ConclusionWith the complementary nature of their performance, the combination of conventional ultrasound and shear wave elastography can improve the management of breast lesions. The qualitative classification proposed appears to be relevant assistance in lesion characterization.     

Assessment of survival rates compared according to the Tamai and Yamano classifications in fingertip replantations

Background:The fingertip is the most frequently injured and amputated segment of the hand. There are controversies about defining clear indications for microsurgical replantation. Many classification systems have been proposed to solve this problem. No previous study has simultaneously correlated different classification systems with replant survival rate. The aim of the study is to compare the outcomes of fingertip replantations according to Tamai and Yamano classifications.Results:Of the 34 fingertips, 26 (76.4%) survived. Ten (66.6%) of 15 digits replanted in Tamai zone 1 and 16 (84.2%) of 19 digits replanted in Tamai zone 2 survived. There were no replantation failures in Yamano type 1 injuries (100%) and only two failed in Yamano type 2 (75%). Replantation was successful in 14 of 20 Yamano type 3 injuries, but six failed (70%). The percentage of success rates was the least in the hybridized groups of Tamai zone 1-Yamano type 2 and Tamai zone 1-Yamano type 3. Although clinically distinct, the survival rates between the groups were not statistically significantly different.Conclusions:The level and mechanism of injury play a decisive role in the success of fingertip replantation. Success rate increases in proximal fingertip amputations without crush injury.     

A comparative study of three different approaches in treatment of talar neck fractures

PurposeThe primary objective of this study was to observe and compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes among three different approaches which are anteromedial, anterolateral and combined approach in patients of talar neck fractures. The secondary objective was to observe various complications.Material and methodA total of 30 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) from September 2018 to march 2020 were selected retrospectively. 10 patients were there in each group. Talar neck fractures were classified according to Hawkins classification. All patients underwent ORIF with 4 mm Herbert screws. The follow-up examination included radiological evaluation, clinical and functional outcomes according to American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hind-foot score (AOFAS).Results30 patients were followed up for an average of 20.85 months (range 16–24). The mean time to bony union was 17.25 weeks, 17.35 weeks and 15.92 weeks in groups operated with anteromedial approach, anterolateral approach and combined approach respectively. The mean AOFAS hind-foot score was 76.34, 77.16 and 78.34 at 18th month follow-up in all three groups respectively. In each group, 1 patient had deep wound infection and 2 patients had superficial wound infection. Subtalar arthritis was the most common complication.ConclusionThere is no significant difference between the three groups in terms of AOFAS hind-foot score, further combined approach provides better visualization of talus fractures and early bony union but it takes longer duration of surgery with increased post-operative complications in comparison with other two groups.