贵州野生多汁乳菇对小鼠免疫功能影响

目的观察贵州野生多汁乳菇对正常及环磷酰胺（cp）损伤免疫系统小鼠的免疫调节作用。方法实验设多汁乳菇组9．0mg／（kg·bw）、多汁乳菇组9．0mg／（kg·bw）＋CP、CP组、正常对照组。灌胃给小鼠多汁乳菇提取液35d，CP腹腔注射造成小鼠免疫损伤。观察小鼠体重的生长情况、小鼠脏器系数、血清溶血素、小鼠足趾迟发型超敏反应（DTH）、碳粒廓清指数α等指标。结果小鼠胸腺系数、血清溶血素（HC50）、小鼠足趾DTH、碳粒廓清指数α明显高于CP组（P〈0．01）。其中小鼠足趾DTH，碳粒廓清指数α恢复至正常对照组水平。结论贵州野生多汁乳菇对CP所致的免疫损伤小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫、非特异性免疫功能有明显的改善作用。     

野生牛肝菌营养成分分析及对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:对野生牛肝菌进行营养成分分析并观察其对环磷酰胺(CP)损伤免疫系统小鼠的免疫调节作用。方法:①成分分析:用凯氏法测定野生牛肝菌中蛋白质(总氮)含量,用氨基酸分析仪测定野生牛肝菌中的氨基酸含量,用原子吸收光谱法测定野生牛肝菌中各矿物元素含量。②动物试验:实验设野生牛肝菌组9.0mg/(kg.bw)+CP、CP组、正常对照组。灌胃小鼠牛肝菌提取液35 d,CP腹腔注射造成小鼠免疫损伤。观察小鼠胸腺脏器系数、血清溶血素、小鼠足趾DTH、碳粒廓清指数α等指标。结果:野生牛肝菌蛋白质含量为219 g/kg(干品);含17种氨基酸,其中人体8种必需氨基酸的含量5415 mg/100g占总氨基酸含量16863 mg/100g的32%;含有人体必需的矿物元素(P、Cu、Fe、Zn、Ca、Mn)。动物免疫试验中血清溶血素(HC50)、小鼠足趾DTH、碳粒廓清指数α明显高于CP组(P<0.01),其中小鼠足趾DTH恢复至正常对照组水平。结论:野生牛肝菌是一种具有较高营养价值的野生食用菌。在本实验条件下,野生牛肝菌对CP所致的免疫损伤小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫、非特异性免疫功能有明显的改善作用。     

野生牛肝菌保健功能研究

目的观察野生牛肝菌对昆明种小鼠免疫功能的影响和对SD大鼠的降血脂作用。方法 (1)免疫功能实验:实验设野生牛肝菌组9.0 g/(kg bw)+环磷酰胺(CP)、CP组、正常对照组。灌胃小鼠牛肝菌提取液35 d,CP腹腔注射造成小鼠免疫损伤。观察小鼠胸腺脏器系数、血清溶血素、小鼠足趾DTH、碳粒廓清指数α等指标。(2)降血脂实验:设3个野生牛肝菌剂量组4.0、8.0、16.0 g/(kg bw)、阴性对照组和高脂模型对照组。各剂量组大鼠灌胃牛肝菌提取液30 d,对照组灌胃等量蒸馏水,在试验结束时取大鼠血清测定TG、CHO、LDH 3个指标。结果 (1)免疫功能试验中免疫损伤的小鼠血清溶血素(HC50)、小鼠足趾DTH、碳粒廓清指数α明显高于CP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中小鼠足趾DTH恢复至正常对照组水平。(2)各剂量组的血脂指标与高脂对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.01)。结论在本实验条件下,野生牛肝菌对CP所致的免疫损伤小鼠细胞免疫、体液免疫、非特异性免疫功能有明显改善作用,但不能预防大鼠的高脂血症。     

两种贵州野生食用菌和香菇营养成分分析

目的:对贵州野生牛肝菌、野生多汁乳菇、香菇进行营养成分分析。方法:用凯氏法测定3种食用菌中蛋白质(总氮)含量;用氨基酸分析仪测定3种食用菌中的氨基酸,用原子吸收光谱法测定3种食用菌中的矿物元素。结果:3种食用菌的蛋白质含量香菇>野生牛肝菌>野生多汁乳菇;氨基酸含量野生牛肝菌>野生多汁乳菇>香菇,其中人体必需氨基酸的含量占总氨基酸含量分别为32%、31%、23%。3种食用菌都含有多种矿物元素,其中野生牛肝菌中铁、磷、铜均倍量高于野生多汁乳菇和香菇。结论:贵州野生牛肝菌、野生多汁乳菇是富含各种营养物质、不逊于香菇的食用菌,具有开发价值。     

野生多汁乳菇的抗辐射作用

目的观察贵州野生多汁乳菇对小鼠的抗辐射作用。方法设3个多汁乳菇剂量组[2.3,4.5,9.0g/(kg.bw)]、阴性对照组和辐射模型对照组,辐射剂量为5 Gy。观察小鼠白细胞计数、测定骨髓DNA含量、骨髓微核率3个指标。结果辐照后5 d各剂量组小鼠的白细胞总数明显高于辐射对照组(P<0.01);辐照后4,15 d,多汁乳菇各剂量组小鼠DNA损伤随剂量的增加,损伤程度逐渐降低,呈剂量-反应关系(P<0.05);多汁乳菇9.0 g/(kg.bw)组在辐照4 d后骨髓微核率较辐射对照组有明显降低(P<0.01)。结论在本实验条件下,多汁乳菇对辐射导致的小鼠白细胞损伤、DNA损伤有一定的保护作用,在剂量为9.0 g/(kg.bw)时,对染色体受损有良好的保护作用。     

贵州省4种食用野生菌氨基酸含量分析

目的分析贵州省食用野生菌氨基酸含量。方法用氨基酸分析仪测定食用野生牛肝菌、野生多汁乳菇、野生松乳菇、野生密丛枝瑚菌中的氨基酸含量。结果 4种食用菌的氨基酸含量大小依次为:野生牛肝菌野生多汁乳菇野生密丛枝瑚菌野生松乳菇,其中人体必需氨基酸的含量大小依次为:野生牛肝菌野生密丛枝瑚菌野生松乳菇野生多汁乳菇,且分别占其总氨基酸含量的34%、40%、31%、36%。结论贵州省4种野生食用菌富含氨基酸,以野生牛肝菌含量最高。     

北京蜂胶对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的探讨北京蜂胶对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法采用0.183、0.367、1.101g/kg.bw剂量的北京蜂胶给小鼠经口灌胃30d,分别测定免疫器官脏器/体重比值,进行迟发型变态反应(DTH)(足跖增厚法)、ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验(MTT法)、抗体生成细胞检测(Jerne改良玻片法)、半数溶血值(HC50)测定和小鼠碳廓清实验、NK细胞活性的测定(同位素3H-TdR测定法)。结果与阴性对照组比较,0.367、1.101g/kg.bw剂量能明显提高小鼠的迟发型变态反应的能力,1.101g/kg.bw剂量能明显提高小鼠抗体生成细胞数、半数溶血值,明显增强小鼠单核—巨噬细胞碳廓清能力,明显提高小鼠NK细胞活性。三个剂量对小鼠体重增长、胸腺体重比值、脾脏体重比值、ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化能力均无明显影响。结论北京蜂胶具有增强免疫力作用。     

牛初乳提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨牛初乳提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：根据免疫毒理学方法原理,用二硝基氟苯诱导小鼠迟发性变态反应（DTH）：测定小鼠血清溶血（HC50）;进行小鼠碳廓清试验（MMI）。结果：每天补充牛初乳提取物250mg/kg体重时,20天后能明显增强小鼠细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能和单核--巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结论：牛初乳提取物对小鼠免疫功能有增强作用。     

紫菜多糖对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

[目的]观察紫菜多糖对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。[方法]分别经口给予实验小鼠500、1000、2000mg/kg.bw3个剂量的紫菜多糖。30d后,测定小鼠脏器/体重比值、细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能、单核-巨噬细胞功能、NK细胞活性和白介素-2的值。[结果]各剂量组对小鼠胸腺/体重比值、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力、小鼠NK细胞活力和小鼠血清溶血素水平均无影响;500和2000mg/kg.bw剂量组能升高小鼠脾/体重比值;2000mg/kg.bw剂量组的紫菜多糖能明显增强DNFB诱导的小鼠迟发型变态反应、增强ConA诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、能促进抗体生成细胞的生成,并能促进体液细胞白介素2数值的增加;1000、2000mg/kg.bw剂量组使碳廓清能力增强。[结论]紫菜多糖具有增强小鼠免疫功能作用。     

灵芝多糖对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

[目的]探讨灵芝多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。[方法]实验动物采用清洁级ICR近交系雌性小鼠。以0.14、0.28、0.84、1.68g/kg.bw设4个剂量组,另设一个蒸馏水对照组。小鼠按体重经口灌胃30d,分别测定小鼠胸腺指数、脾指数,进行脾淋巴细胞转化实验,迟发型变态反应实验,抗体生成细胞检测,血清溶血素的测定,小鼠碳廓清测定,小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验及NK细胞活性的测定。[结果]与蒸馏水对照组相比,在细胞免疫功能方面,受试物0.84g/kg.bw剂量组对ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力明显增强;0.84、1.68g/kg.bw剂量组DNFB诱导的小鼠迟发型变态反应明显增强(P<0.05)。在体液免疫功能方面,0.84g/kg.bw剂量组明显促进小鼠抗体生成细胞的生成,而各剂量组小鼠血清溶血素水平无明显差异;在单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能方面,受试物0.84、1.68g/kg.bw剂量小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞吞噬率明显提高,0.28g/kg.bw剂量组吞噬指数明显提高;0.84g/kg.bw剂量组对小鼠碳廓清能力明显提高(P<0.05);在NK细胞活性方面,0.84、1.68g/kg.bw剂量组NK细胞活性亦有明显升高(P<0.05)。[结论]灵芝多糖具有增强免疫力作用。     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

西林瓶装注射用水的装量检查分析

为了检查西林瓶装注射用水的实际分装量是否符合2005年版《药典》三部要求,按照2005年版《药典》三部中“生物制品分装和冻干规程”,分装规格为0．8ml的西林瓶装注射用水10000瓶,随机在分装过程的前、中、后阶段共抽取100瓶,轧盖、目检。分别用1ml标定注射器及1ml普通无菌注射器抽取每瓶注射用水的实际体积,以t检验法对实际抽取量与标示量的差值进行统计学分析,结果显示其与2005年版《药典》三部要求分装附加量为0．1ml相比有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。