23例抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎的临床特点及预后分析

目的探讨抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎的临床特点及预后。方法回顾性分析23例抗NMDAR脑炎患者(其中重症9例)的临床资料。结果重症患者9例(男2例,女7例)入住ICU治疗,其余14例(男3例,女11例)入住神经内科治疗;发病年龄(32.6±14.6)岁;病程(26.7±36.9)d;住院时间(34.2±27.5)d,其中重症患者ICU平均住院时间(22.2±13.7)d。主要临床表现有精神行为异常(21例),发热(13例)、癫痫发作(19例)、意识障碍(15例)、运动功能异常(2例)、自主神经功能障碍(13例)及低通气(5例)。1例合并畸胎瘤。所有患者CSF抗NMDAR抗体均阳性,18例血清抗NMDAR抗体阳性。5例患者头颅MRI示颞叶、海马或额顶叶异常信号。19例患者EEG示异常慢波。23例患者接受糖皮质激素、丙种球蛋白或血浆置换等免疫调节治疗。6例患者完全恢复,17例患者症状改善伴残留症状。结论抗NMDAR脑炎常表现为进展迅速的精神行为改变、癫痫等症状,还有意识障碍、运动障碍、自主神经功能障碍,合并肿瘤并不多见。抗NMDAR脑炎患者积极免疫治疗预后较好。     

9例抗NMDAR脑炎临床资料分析

目的分析抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎的临床特点,为临床抗NMDAR脑炎的诊治提供参考。方法回顾性收集2015-10—2017-10宁夏医科大学总医院收治的9例抗NMDAR脑炎临床表现、实验室检查、影像学、治疗及预后等资料,并对患者的鉴别诊断进行分析。结果 9例患者中男2例、女7例,发病年龄16~47岁,平均(27.9±11.7)岁,临床表现为精神症状7例、癫痫发作7例、运动障碍7例、自主神经功能紊乱7例、认知功能下降6例、意识障碍6例、言语障碍5例,合并桥本甲状腺炎2例。肿瘤标志物升高3例,脑电图表现异常8例,头颅MRI检查结果异常5例,脑脊液检查结果异常7例,预后良好6例。结论抗NMDAR脑炎好发于青年女性,可合并桥本脑病,容易与病毒性脑炎相混淆,也可出现结核性脑膜脑炎的临床及脑脊液表现,应注意鉴别。脑脊液细胞数增多及淋巴细胞比例升高、脱髓鞘病变、多重自身抗体阳性可能提示患者预后不佳。     

抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎患者临床特点分析

目的 探讨抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR)脑炎的临床特征与抗NMDAR抗体在诊断该病中的意义.方法 选择62例各种病因的脑炎、脑病及其他中枢神经系统疾病患者,采用转染细胞间接免疫荧光法检测其血清及脑脊液抗NMDAR抗体,同时对该病的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗及预后进行分析.结果 28％(9/32)的临床诊断脑炎病例组患者血清或脑脊液抗NMDAR抗体为阳性.脑脊液抗体的阳性率高于血清,其中5例抗体滴度较高的患者伴有血脑屏障破坏.这些患者均未发现肿瘤,临床上以发热、精神异常、癫痫、肌张力障碍与自主神经功能障碍表现突出,并有头颅MRI与脑电图异常,早期免疫治疗有效.结论 脑脊液及血清中抗NMDAR抗体检测有助于自身免疫性抗NMDAR脑炎患者的早期诊断与治疗.     

48例临床拟诊为病毒性脑炎的抗NMDAR脑炎10例回顾性诊断分析

目的探究临床拟诊病毒性脑炎患者中N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR)抗体的阳性率并总结分析其临床特点。方法荧光免疫法回顾性检测我科过去2 y中48例临床拟诊病毒性脑炎患者脑脊液NMDAR抗体,总结分析NMDAR抗体阳性患者临床资料、影像、电生理及实验室检查等资料。结果 48例临床拟诊病毒性脑炎患者中10例NMDAR抗体阳性(20.8%),修正诊断为抗NMDAR脑炎。男性6例,女性4例,年龄16~70岁。8例有发热、上呼吸道感染或腹泻等前驱感染症状。首发症状中癫痫发作及精神行为异常各有4例,余2例以头痛或意识障碍为首发症状。临床表现与病毒性脑炎类似,主要表现有发热(8例)、精神行为异常(7例)、癫痫发作(6例)、头痛(5例)、意识障碍(4例)及口角及四肢不自主运动(2例)。1例头部磁共振T2及FLAIR像可见边缘叶点片状高信号。9例脑电图不同程度异常。6例脑脊液细胞学示淋巴细胞反应。结论抗NMDAR脑炎临床表现与病毒性脑炎相似,易被误诊。临床上对病因不明的拟诊病毒性脑炎患者应行NMDAR抗体检查,以明确诊断。     

抗NMDAR脑炎临床分析(附11例病例报告及文献复习)

目的总结分析抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎的临床特征以提高对该病的认识和重视。方法搜集国内206例抗NMDAR脑炎患者的报道,及在吉林大学白求恩第一医院就诊的11例抗NMDAR脑炎患者的详细病例资料,回顾性总结抗NMDAR脑炎的临床特点、实验室检查、治疗及预后,并结合文献予以分析讨论。结果患者多以抽搐或精神症状起病,病程中可出现意识障碍、运动障碍、中枢性通气不足、自主神经功能障碍等临床表现,头部MRI多无明显特异性改变,有的表现为皮质异常信号,脑电图常提示异常,血和(或)脑脊液NMDAR抗体阳性,多数预后较好。结论加强对该病的认识,尽早诊断及治疗有利于改善患者的预后。     

自身免疫性脑炎相关认知和癫痫精神障碍临床研究

目的评估自身免疫性脑炎(AE)患者相关临床疾病特点,增强对该病的认识。方法对2016年1月至2017年12月期间在佛山市第三人民医院诊断为AE患者的临床特点、实验室检查、影像学检查、脑电图检查、简明智能量表(MMSE)、简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评分以及治疗和预后进行分析。结果抗NMDAR脑炎患者27例,抗LGI1脑炎患者1例,抗CASPR2脑炎患者2例。以癫痫为主要表现者2例(抗NMDAR脑炎患者),以精神障碍为主要表现者1例(抗NMDAR脑炎患者),以精神障碍/癫痫为主要表现者9例(抗NMDAR脑炎患者8例,抗CASPR2脑炎患者1例),以精神障碍/认知功能障碍为主要表现者13例(抗NMDAR脑炎患者),以精神障碍/癫痫/认知功能障碍为主要表现者5例(抗NMDAR脑炎患者3例,抗CASPR2脑炎患者1例,抗LGI1脑炎患者1例)。14例患者头颅MRI检查异常。24例脑电图检查异常。简明智能量表平均分为18.87±4.93,阳性率76.6%。简明精神病评定量表阳性率83.3%,单因素方差分析显示,BPRS各因子之间比较差异有统计学意义,而且以焦虑抑郁、思维障碍分值较高。24例患者使用AEDs联合免疫球蛋白治疗,6例患者合并免疫抑制剂治疗。治疗后症状明显缓解的患者28例,其中26例症状完全缓解,2例症状部分缓解。结论 AE以精神障碍、癫痫发作和认知功能障碍为主要特点,患者症状表现、头颅影像学、脑电图特点、简明智能量表和简明精神病评定量表评分都有独特的特点。对于该病,早期诊断并选择合适的药物及早治疗,可有效改善患者预后。     

重症抗NMDAR脑炎临床、影像学及脑电图特征研究

目的分析重症抗NMDAR脑炎临床,影像学及脑电图(EEG)特征。方法 23例血清和/或脑脊液(CSF)抗NMDAR抗体阳性、MRS评分4-5分的重症抗NMDAR脑炎,分析CSF白细胞数、意识障碍严重程度、呼吸功能衰竭特点及头颅MRI、24h长程视频脑电图(VEEG)特点。结果 23例重症抗NMDAR脑炎中,精神行为异常19例(82.6%),意识障碍20例(87%)。CSF白细胞数增高19例(82.6%),与轻症抗NMDAR脑炎差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。癫痫发作17例(73.9%),其中癫痫持续状态13例(56.5%)。24h VEEG监测,广泛慢波15例,其中θ波为主调12例,δ波为主调3例。14~20HZ快波背景2例,额顶枕颞导棘波、尖波或尖慢综合波发放6例,未见异常1例。头颅MRI异常14例(60.9%),其中累及额、颞、顶枕叶皮质6例,皮质下白质多发异常信号5例,累及海马5例,累及脑干2例,未见异常9例。呼吸功能衰竭10例(43.5%),Ⅰ型呼吸功能衰竭6例,Ⅱ型呼吸功能衰竭4例。结论重症抗NMDAR脑炎疾病的严重程度、CSF白细胞数量、意识障碍程度与抗NMDAR抗体的滴度无关,重症抗NMDAR脑炎易出现癫痫持续状态和中枢性通气不足所致呼吸功能衰竭。     

以共济失调为主要表现的抗NMDA抗体脑炎1例报道并文献复习

正抗NMDAR脑炎是由机体产生针对NMDAR NR1亚单元的特异性IgG抗体所导致的一种最常见的自身免疫性脑炎~([1])。主要以精神症状、癫痫起病,多数患者伴有认知功能减退并逐渐出现意识障碍、不自主运动、自主神经功能异常等症状~([2]),而共济失调表现少见。本文报道1例以共济失调为主要症状的抗NMDAR脑炎患者,以提高临床医生对本病     

抗NMDAR及抗LGI1相关脑炎急性期癫痫发作、临床特征及短期预后的对照研究

目的回顾性对照研究抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR)及抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活1蛋白(Leucinie-rich gliomain activated 1,LGI1)相关脑炎患者急性期癫痫发作、临床特征及短期预后,为临床早期诊断和治疗提供参考。方法连续纳入2018年1月—2020年6月于四川省人民医院神经内科就诊的抗NMDAR及抗LGI1相关脑炎患者,回顾分析患者一般信息、临床表现、急性期癫痫发作情况及发作类型,评估两种自身免疫性脑炎在急性期癫痫发作的特点与短期预后的差异。结果共纳入75例抗NMDAR相关脑炎及抗LGI1相关脑炎患者,其中男41例,女34例,平均年龄(32.8±17.9)岁,平均病程(1.8±1.1)个月,其中抗NMDAR和抗LGI1抗体阳性分别59例和16例。75例中56例(74.7%)在急性期出现了癫痫发作,56例癫痫发作患者中伴有意识障碍38例(67.8%)、自主神经功能障碍5例(8.9%)、氧合能力下降24例(42.9%)、入住神经内科重症监护病房(NICU) 20例(35.7%),与无癫痫发作组比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。抗NMDAR脑炎在急性期癫痫发作中位数年龄为23岁,抗LGI1脑炎为56.5岁(P0.05)。抗NMDAR脑炎和抗LGI1脑炎在急性期癫痫发作均以全面性发作为常见(55.9%vs.53.8%),抗NMDAR脑炎在急性期更多出现反复癫痫发作及癫痫持续状态(P0.05)。在早期合理使用抗癫痫药物(AEDs)及抗免疫等对症支持治疗后,56例患者中70%出院时癫痫得到有效控制,3个月后随访,18例(32.1%)患者停用AEDs,而30例(53.5%)患者仍继续接受AEDs治疗,其中25例患者(44.6%)癫痫无发作。结论抗NMDAR相关脑炎及抗LGI1相关脑炎急性期癫痫发作风险均较高,伴有癫痫发作患者更容易出现意识障碍、氧合能力下降、入住NICU比例更高。抗NMDAR脑炎更常见于30岁左右年轻人群,抗LGI1脑炎更易于60岁左右发病。抗NMDAR脑炎患者更容易出现脑电图异常、平均住院天数更长,在急性期更容易出现癫痫反复发作与癫痫持续状态,及时诊断及干预治疗后,大部分患者癫痫发作能得到良好控制,急性期过后约1/3患者可停用AEDs。     

易误诊为病毒性脑炎的成人抗N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体脑炎(附16例临床分析)

目的成人抗N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸(NMDA)受体脑炎易误诊为病毒性脑炎,本文总结确诊的16例成人抗NMDA受体脑炎临床特征及治疗与预后,以提高对该病认识。方法对自2014年12月至2016年6月在湘雅医院神经内科诊治的16例抗NMDA受体脑炎患者的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学资料、治疗经过及预后进行回顾性分析。结果 16例患者表现为显著的神志障碍、精神行为异常、癫痫发作,部分患者伴随自主神经功能异常。头部MRI示正常或多发病灶。其中11例患者脑脊液和血清NMDA受体抗体均阳性,另外5例患者仅脑脊液抗体阳性。经免疫治疗,10例患者预后良好,6例患者预后不良。结论抗NMDA受体脑炎早期易被误诊为病毒性脑炎、癫痫、原发精神疾病,可疑患者应尽早行抗NMDA受体抗体检查,及早治疗能够改善患者预后。     

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis in children: Incidence and experience in Hong Kong

Aim

The study aims to analyze the incidence, clinical features, investigation findings and treatment outcomes of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis in children from Hong Kong.

Anti-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-methyl-<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d</Emphasis>-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a common cause of encephalitis in the intensive care unit

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDAR encephalitis) is the most common type of immune-mediated encephalitis. This study aimed to assess the incidence and mortality of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in intensive care unit (ICU) to evaluate the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, managements and outcomes, and to compare these characteristics with patients with non-anti-NMDAR encephalitis admitted to ICU. Patients admitted to the neurological ICU with suspected encephalitis were included between January 1, 2012 and July 31, 2015. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of enrolled patients was screened for anti-NMDAR antibodies using a cell-based assay. 72 critically ill patients with encephalitis of uncertain etiology were investigated, and 16 patients were positive for anti-NMDAR antibodies in CSF. Compared to patients with non-anti-NMDAR encephalitis, patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were younger, more likely to present with the psychiatric symptoms, dyskinesia, and autonomic dysfunction, and had longer ICU stays. The abnormal movements were so difficult to control that complicated the management. The outcome was favorable in ten patients 1 year after the disease onset, and the mortality was as high as 25 % overall. The incidence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is high among critically ill patients with encephalitis of uncertain etiology. Controlling dyskinesia proved to be a challenge. Persistent dysautonomias were additional difficult to manage confounders. Same points being highlighted in this study may aid clinicians in the management of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis in intensive care practice.     

抗NMDA受体脑炎45例特点和临床转归分析

目的探讨本组抗NMDA受体脑炎患者的临床特点。方法收集北京丰台右安门医院和北京宣武医院神经内科2012年10月至2015年4月收治的45例抗NMDA受体脑炎患者的临床资料,分析病例特点,随访病情转归。结果本组的45例患者年龄为14~61岁,平均年龄32.2±13.24岁;男性27例,其中3例(11%)合并肿瘤。女性18例,其中5例(28%)合并卵巢畸胎瘤。23例(51%)出现前驱症状。本组45例临床症状表现为精神症状(91%)、癫痫发作(76%)、不自主运动(42%)、中枢性低通气(24%)、意识水平下降(47%)及自主神经功能障碍(40%)。脑脊液(CSF)常规、生化检查阳性率为89%,所有患者CSF抗NMDA受体抗体阳性。脑电图(EEG)多表现为双额、颞、中央导联为主的轻度(21%)至中度(59%)慢波。53%患者头颅CT平扫或MRI检查有异常表现,多见于额颞叶T2-Flair异常信号。所有患者均给予激素和丙种球蛋白治疗,6例患者接受环磷酰胺或吗替麦考酚治疗。除1例失访,44例患者预后良好(MRS评分0-2分)者占86%。结论抗NMDAR脑炎发病男性并不少见,肿瘤合并率低。以精神行为异常、癫痫发作、CSF抗NMDA受体抗体阳性为其主要临床特点。绝大部分患者EEG异常,并与病情严重程度相关。79%患者一线免疫治疗效果良好。8例合并肿瘤患者病情严重且预后不良,畸胎瘤摘除术不能完全预防该病发生,但能减轻病情严重程度。     

抗NMDAR脑炎血清抗NMDAR抗体阴性患者临床分析

目的探讨血清抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)抗体阴性的抗NMDAR脑炎患者的临床表现特征、治疗及其预后特点。方法收集郑州大学第一附属医院2013-09—2019-12确诊为抗NMDAR脑炎的60例患者,根据其血清中抗NMDAR抗体的情况分为血清抗体阴性组和阳性组,分析2组临床表现特征、辅助检查、治疗及预后情况。结果60例患者中血清抗NMDAR抗体阴性患者16例(26.6%),血清抗NMDAR抗体阴性组发病年龄高于阳性组(P<0.05)。血清抗体阴性组患者主要症状(包括精神行为异常及意识水平下降)发生率[分别为9/16(56.2%)vs 41/44(93.2%),P<0.05和4/16(25.0%)vs 26/44(59.1%),P<0.05]、入院改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分[2(1,3)vs 3(2,4),P<0.05]及住院时长[20.5(10.0,30.8)d vs 35.5(21.3,49.3)d,P<0.05]均低于阳性组。血清抗体阴性组单用一种一线免疫治疗的患者多于阳性组[7/16(43.8%)vs 7/44(15.9%),P>0.05],差异无统计学意义,2组患者的复发及预后差异均无统计学意义[分别为3/15(20.0%)vs 12/38(31.6%),P>0.05和13/15(86.7%)vs 35/38(92.1%),P>0.05]。结论抗NMDAR脑炎血清抗NMDAR抗体阴性患者发病年龄较大,精神行为异常及意识水平下降的发生率相对较低,临床症状更轻,通过积极的免疫治疗可以达到较好的预后。     

抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎的抗体检测及临床意义

目的探讨抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎的抗体检测意义及临床特征。方法选取本院收治的脑炎病人35例及对照组30例,分析临床资料,采用转染细胞间接免疫荧光法检测两组患者其血清及脑脊液抗NMDAR机体结果抗NMDAR抗体检测仅1例边缘叶脑炎患者结果阳性,该患者腑脊液细胞数增多、蛋白轻度升高、脑电图见双侧慢波、其余检查无异常。精神症状及意识水平障碍明显,免疫治疗有效。结论抗NMDAR脑炎发病率低,临床表现复杂多样,怀疑该病时需行抗NMDAR抗体检测。     

抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎20例临床分析

目的分析抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎患者临床表现、头颅MRI、脑电图(EEG)、脑脊液(CSF)特点。方法收集20例抗NMDAR脑炎患者的临床、MRI、EEG和CSF资料。结果 20例抗NMDAR脑炎患者男性13例,女性7例。年龄3~61岁,平均年龄25±19岁。入院时头颅MRI异常率为60%(12/20),其中4例累及边缘系统,5例累及额顶颞枕叶、放射冠及半卵圆中心等结构。例4入院时头颅MRI检查未见异常,第24天复查见双顶枕叶、右侧胼胝体及扣带回区异常信号。16例患者行EEG检查,14例(88%)异常,异常的EEG主要为非特异性慢波,其中1例(例4)患者住院期间复查EEG出现大量δ波。90%(18/20)患者CSF结果异常;细胞学检查以淋巴细胞反应为主,例9有激活性单核细胞增多。11例(55%)患者血清和CSF NMDAR抗体阳性,7例(35%)患者仅CSF NMDAR抗体阳性,2例(例11、例14)患者仅血清NMDAR抗体阳性。结论本组以男性青少年多见。其主要临床表现为精神异常、癫痫、记忆力下降、行为异常、不自主运动等,严重者可出现中枢性低通气。头颅MRI病变不仅局限于边缘系统。重症患者EEG可出现δ波。早期诊断、治疗预后较好,部分患者可复发。     

Relapsing Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis after a gap of eight years in a girl from North-East India

It has been just 7 years since the discovery of anti-NMDAR encephalitis as distinct immune-mediated encephalitis and we have such cases being reported from our country. Herein, we describe a case of a 13-year-old girl who had relapsing encephalitis consisting of multiple types of difficult-to-control seizures, abnormal behavior, language disintegration, memory loss and abnormal movements eight years after the first clinical attack. In 2005, when she was 5 yearsold, anti-NMDAR encephalitis was not yet discovered and she was provisionally diagnosed as a case of viral encephalitis. During her second attack in 2013, antibodies against NMDAR were demonstrated by immunofluoresence in serum (1:10). This is the first report from our country of a case of relapsing anti-NMDAR encephalitis of such a long duration, successfully treated by immunotherapy.     

Reversible brain atrophy in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a long-term observational study

The long-term neuroimaging correlates of clinical recovery have not been described in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the long-term outcome of brain atrophy in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Patients were two women (ages 17 and 33 years) with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis resulting in decreased level of consciousness, autonomic instability, hypoventilation, and dyskinesias requiring continuous infusion of anesthetic agents for 6–7 months. Brain MRI and cerebral blood flow SPECT obtained at the time of maximal neurological disability were compared with similar studies obtained 5–7 years later. Both patients were hospitalized for 9–14 months and developed frontotemporal atrophy and hypoperfusion 7–12 months after symptom presentation. In both patients, cognitive functions gradually improved over the next 4–5 years. Comparative neuroimaging studies obtained 5–7 years after symptom presentation showed dramatic improvement of the atrophy and frontotemporal hypoperfusion. The severe and protracted deficits and the frontotemporal atrophy that occur in some patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis are potentially reversible. This suggests that a functional rather than a structural neuronal damage underlies the pathogenesis of this disorder.     

Gray matter atrophy and corresponding impairments in connectivity in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe autoimmune disease that is commonly accompanied by cognitive impairment and various neurological and psychiatric symptoms, advanced image analyses help explore the pathogenesis of this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to explore specific structural and functional alterations and their relationship with the clinical symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In this study, twenty-two patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis after the acute stage and 29 controls received cognitive assessments and magnetic resonance imaging. Grey matter atrophy was measured using voxel-based morphometry, and functional alterations in abnormal regions were subsequently investigated using resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). Finally, correlation analyses were performed to explore the associations between imaging alterations and cognitive assessments. The patients demonstrated significant gray matter atrophy in the bilateral triangle part of the inferior frontal gyrus (triIFG.L and triIFG.R) and right precuneus, decreased RSFC between triIFG.L and bilateral Heschl gyrus (HES), decreased RSFC between triIFG.R and HES.R, decreased RSFC between right precuneus and left cerebellum, and increased RSFC between triIFG.R and left superior frontal gyrus. Further correlation analyses showed that the gray matter volume in triIFG.R and decreased RSFC between triIFG.L and HES.R were associated with decreased memory scores, whereas decreased RSFC between triIFG.R and HES.R was marginally correlated with the disease course in patients. In conclusion, this study suggests that cognitive impairments in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis may be mainly associated with gray matter atrophy and abnormal RSFC in the triIFG. These findings provide new insights into anti-NMDAR encephalitis pathogenesis and help explore potential treatments.

     

晚发型抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎临床特征分析

目的分析晚发型抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎的临床特征。方法收集2010-01-01—2019-05-01于郑州大学第一附属医院住院确诊为抗NMDAR脑炎的患者临床资料,分析晚发型(≥50岁)患者数据,并与早发型(18~49岁)患者进行对比。结果18例晚发型患者中,男11例(61%),发病年龄50~84岁。晚发型患者中,9例(50%)患者出现前驱症状,精神行为异常是最常见的首发症状(44%)和临床表现(78%);头颅磁共振提示脑实质炎性病变9例(9/17,53%);脑脊液检验结果异常17例(94%);合并肿瘤4例(22%),均非畸胎瘤。相比于早发组患者,晚发组患者有更高的自主神经功能障碍比例(72%vs 45%,P=0.032),更高的岛叶病变比例(67%vs 27%,P=0.047),更高的脑脊液蛋白升高比例(56%vs 28%,P=0.023),以及更高的脑脊液鞘内IgG合成率升高比例(73%vs 44%,P=0.041)。晚发组合并肿瘤均非畸胎瘤,早发组合并肿瘤均为畸胎瘤(P=0.001)。结论相比早发型抗NMDAR脑炎患者,晚发型患者更易出现岛叶病变,更易出现脑脊液炎症反应,其发病机制可能与畸胎瘤不相关。