咽旁肿瘤的CT诊断

咽旁间隙由茎突和腭帆张肌的肌膜分为前方的狭义的咽旁间隙和后外侧的颈动脉间隙。狭义的咽旁间隙称咽旁间隙,以区别于颈动脉间隙和咽后间隙。作者对咽旁间隙和颈动脉间隙的10例原发性肿瘤行CT检查(咽旁间隙5例,颈动脉间隙4例),男3例,女7例,年龄23～71岁。扫描层厚5～13mm;扫描范围:咽旁间隙病变从颅底扫到舌骨;     

多层螺旋CT 在咽旁迁移性异物临床诊疗中的意义

目的：探讨咽旁迁移性异物的多层螺旋CT的影像特征。方法32例均行多层螺旋CT平扫,其中18例行CT增强扫描;结合多层螺旋CT MPR、MIP、VR等重建技术进行分析。结果迁移性异物位于舌及舌下软组织内5例、咽旁间隙16例、下颌下腺2例、扁桃体3例、颈动脉鞘2例、咽后间隙3例、其他部位2例;异物外形光整,条状29例,其他形态3例;异物锐利端平均直径约（0．7±0．2）mm ,CT密度（233．9±35．4）HU ;异物所在位置软组织肿胀,增强呈不均匀性、中等、持续强化。结论多排螺旋CT扫描可以明确异物位置、形态、大小及周围毗邻关系,对临床治疗有重要的指导意义。     

累及咽旁间隙的肿物的影像学特征

目的：分析累及咽旁间隙肿物的影像学特征。材料与方法：总结分析了１９例经手术病理证实的累及咽旁间隙肿物的ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ、ＭＲＡ和ＤＳＡ表现。包括腮裂囊肿４例、颈静脉球瘤３例、颈动脉体瘤４例、神经鞘瘤３例、鼻咽癌侵入咽旁间隙５例。１５例行ＭＲＩ检查、９例行ＣＴ扫描、３例行ＭＲＡ检查、５例行ＤＳＡ检查。结果：ＭＲＩ对肿块的大小、形态、位置、与周围组织的关系及继发改变能清晰显示，并可见具有特征性的副神经节瘤瘤内纡曲、匍行的低信号血管影。颈静脉球瘤的ＣＴ特征性表现是颈静脉孔的扩大和骨质破坏。ＭＲＡ和ＤＳＡ对肿瘤血管的显示十分清楚。结论：ＭＲＩ对累及咽旁间隙肿物的诊断优于ＣＴ，若能结合ＣＴ、ＤＳＡ、ＭＲＡ等其他影像学技术，能更准确地评估病变的部位和性质。     

颊间隙病变的CT和MRI表现

目的：分析颊间隙病变的CT、MRI表现,旨在提高该间隙病变的诊断。方法：回顾性分析2002年1月～2008年3月CT或／和MRI检查发现颊间隙病变及其累及颊间隙病变23例,包括感染性病变3倒,肿瘤性和肿瘤样病变20例。除5例经临床治疗后证实外,其余均经手术和穿刺活检病理确诊。结果I3例感染性病变表现为颊脂体及其周围脂肪密度增高;原发和累及颊间隙的肿瘤和肿瘤样病变CT、MRI表现多样,除血管瘤Tz加权表现较具特征性外,其余肿瘤信号缺乏特征;多数恶性肿瘤边界不清;肿块相对较大;累及颊间隙的恶性肿瘤多表现为多间隙侵犯;MRI和CT均能清晰显示病变侵犯的范围。结论：CT和MRI是诊断颊间隙病变的重要检查手段,对病变的来源及范围可做出较为准确的评价,对定性具有一定的诊断价值,可为临床制定治疗方案和预后提供依据。     

原发性气管肿瘤10例的围手术期护理体会

原发性气管肿瘤在临床上较为少见，约占呼吸系统肿瘤的1％，且恶性肿瘤远多于良性肿瘤，手术切除是主要的治疗方法。我院从1997年1月-2012年12月共收治10例原发性气管肿瘤，其中恶性肿瘤8例，良性肿瘤2例。均行气管肿瘤切除重建术，笔者对围手术期的护理介绍如下。     

咽旁间隙金属异物3例

咽旁间隙位于重要血管、神经经过的颈侧深部 ,解剖关系复杂 ,位置深在 ,不易充分暴露 ,异物取出较困难。我们先后收治咽旁间隙金属异物 3例 ,分别经不同径路取出。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　 3例均为男性 ;年龄 2 5～ 4 7岁。金属弹片爆炸伤 2例 ,金属子弹伤 1例。伤后伴有轻度张口受限 2例 ,伴面神经下颌缘支损伤 1例 ,同时伴有迷走神经和面神经损伤 1例。1 2　损伤部位　均为盲管伤 ,弹道由左耳后下至左扁桃体后上方 1例 ,由右面颊至右咽旁间隙前部 1例 ,由左面颊至右咽旁间隙前部 1例。Ｘ线定位 :颈部正位Ｘ线片示异物位于 1～ 2颈椎平…     

咽旁间隙原发肿瘤的MRI特点分析

目的分析咽旁间隙原发肿瘤的MRI表现特点,提高对该区域病变鉴别诊断的认识。方法回顾性分析42例经手术病理证实的咽旁间隙肿瘤的MRI表现及临床资料。结果 42例中,良性肿瘤27例,包括15例神经源性肿瘤(11例神经鞘瘤,4例副神经节瘤),6例多形性腺瘤,3例纤维血管瘤,1例海绵状血管瘤,1例鳃裂囊肿,1例血管平滑肌脂肪瘤;恶性肿瘤15例,包括1例恶性神经鞘瘤,6例恶性间叶组织肿瘤(3例软骨肉瘤,1例肌纤维母细胞瘤,2例平滑肌肉瘤),3例腺样囊性癌,1例淋巴瘤,1例鳞状细胞癌,1例浸润性腺癌,1例肌上皮癌,1例粘液表皮样癌。咽旁间隙肿瘤分为神经源性、涎腺来源、间叶组织来源及其它组织来源;良性肿瘤边缘多光滑,与周围分界清楚;恶性肿瘤信号多不均匀,边界不规则,向周围浸润生长。多数肿瘤有其各自的MRI表现特点。结论咽旁间隙肿瘤病理种类多样,了解此间隙肿瘤的MRI特点,有助于提高诊断准确率。     

咽旁间隙解剖及病变的CT和MRI表现

咽旁间隙(parapharyngeal space)是位于咽外侧上颈深部的潜在性漏斗形间隙,位置较深,结构复杂,许多病变好发生于此或者累及此间隙。了解此间隙的解剖结构、毗邻及病变的影像学特点,对咽旁间隙病变的临床治疗或治疗方案的制订及对预后的评价具有重要意义。近几十年来,许多临床及科研工作者对此间隙的解剖与涉及的病变进行了大量研究,本文旨在对此间隙的解剖结构及病变的影像学进行综述。1咽旁间隙的大体解剖咽旁间隙位于咽肌环和咀嚼肌群之间,呈倒立的三菱锥形,底朝向颅底并紧靠颈静脉孔,尖朝向舌骨大角,外侧壁为翼内肌及腮腺深部,内侧壁为咽…     

螺旋CT诊断原发性输尿管癌的价值

目的:探讨原发性输尿管癌螺旋CT扫描及三维重建的影像特点和诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析14例经手术病理证实原发性输尿管癌的螺旋CT影像表现,分析其特点.14例患者中13例行增强扫描,1例为逆行性尿路造影后CT平扫,14例均行MPR/CPR重建,4例同时行MIP重建及VE检查.结果:CT增强轴位扫描及MPR/CPR重建能够清晰地显示肿瘤的大小、形态、范围及其与周围组织的关系;MIP重建能很好地显示肿瘤引起的输尿管管腔不规则狭窄或截断改变;VE检查则能够从管腔内观察肿瘤的形态.结论:螺旋CT容积扫描及三维重建能够多平面、多方位、立体地显示病变,使病变定位、定性诊断更加准确,为临床手术治疗提供帮助.     

二腹肌后腹及其移位对鉴别腮腺间隙和咽旁间隙肿瘤的意义

目的 探讨CT或MR轴面影像上二腹肌后腹及其移位对区别腮腺间隙与咽旁间隙肿瘤的意义。方法 回顾分析临床和影像资料完整的腮腺或咽旁间隙肿瘤45例,所有病例均经手术病理证实。根据肿瘤与二腹肌后腹及其移位的关系确认肿瘤的起源间隙,并与手术结果对照。结果 27例腮腺间隙肿瘤皆位于二腹肌后腹浅面,二腹肌后腹内移;18例咽旁间隙肿瘤都位于二腹肌后腹深面,二腹肌后腹外推。结论 根据肿瘤病灶与二腹肌后腹及其移位的关系可区别腮腺间隙与咽旁间隙肿瘤的起源间隙。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.