全可视脊柱内镜椎间孔再造手术治疗退行性L5S1椎间孔狭窄症

目的 观察采用全可视脊柱内镜椎间孔再造手术治疗退行性L₅S₁椎间孔狭窄症的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析自2019-11—2020-11采用全可视脊柱内镜椎间孔再造手术治疗的60例退行性L₅S₁椎间孔狭窄症,手术采用局部浸润麻醉,使用Endo-surgy standard手术器械套装,可视内镜外环锯切除S₁上关节突尖部、部分肩部腹侧及部分基底部腹侧骨质,进行椎间孔扩大成形,之后用髓核钳咬除椎间孔内增生肥厚的黄韧带,显露L₅出口神经根及S₁行走神经根进行椎间孔减压。结果 本组手术时间为(49.58±6.74)min,术中出血量为(19.83±6.23)mL,住院时间为(3.05±0.65)d。术后腰椎CT显示椎间孔区减压充分,腰椎过伸过屈侧位X线片显示腰椎稳定性良好,未出现血管、神经损伤。60例均获得随访,随访时间13～25个月,平均18.5个月。术后1、6、12个月疼痛VAS评分、ODI指数较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0....     

经L5横突-S1上关节突成形技术行椎间孔镜手术治疗高髂嵴L5-S1腰椎间盘突出症

目的 在高髂嵴的L₅-S₁椎间盘突出症患者行PETD手术中，尝试采用L5横突-S1上关节突成形技术建立工作通道，探讨其可行性和安全性。方法 选择23例高髂嵴L₅-S₁节段腰椎间盘突出症患者，术中将L₅横突与S₁上关节突的部分磨除，使椎间孔得以显露，顺利建立工作通道，内镜下摘除突出的髓核组织。术后随访1年以上，评估其手术疗效。结果 手术时间67～92 min、平均(87.2±16.9)min;术中X线透视17～62次、平均(27.3±10.2)次。术中未发生硬膜撕裂、神经根损伤、椎间隙感染等并发症；术后出现1例下肢麻木，5 d后自行消失。随访12～30个月、平均(19.2±5.3)个月。与术前比较，术后1 d、3个月和末次随访时的VAS评分和ODI指数均有显著改善(P<0.05),且术后疗效指标较为平稳。末次随访时，总体优良率为91.3%。结论 对于髂嵴较高、横突肥大的L₅-S₁椎间盘突出症患者，经L     

经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及经验总结

目的 探讨经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术(percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, PELD)治疗脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation, LDH)的临床疗效，并总结手术经验。方法 本研究观察对象为2017年1月～2020年1月本院收治的84例脱垂型LDH患者，男49例，女35例；年龄(54.12±5.91)岁；L_3-4 18例，L_4-5 38例，L₅-S₁ 28例；髓核脱出位置Lee分型：Ⅰ型5例，Ⅱ型24例，Ⅲ型41例，Ⅳ型14例；均采用PELD术治疗，根据髓核脱出位置调整穿刺路径、骨质磨除范围等，记录围手术期情况、并发症及复发情况；术前、术后3个月、术后12个月分别评估VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI),术后12个月采用改良Macnab标准评价手术满意度。结果 所有患者均完成手术，手术平均用时(64.52±9.12)min,住院天数(5.44±0.81)d;...     

L5骨质疏松性骨折单侧入路经皮椎体成形

[目的]探讨单侧入路经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗L₅骨质疏松性骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)的临床结果。[方法]2018年11月—2022年7月采用经L₄椎弓根体表投影外缘约2 cm处为入针点、L₅椎弓根体表投影外上缘为椎弓根穿刺点的单侧入路PVP治疗L₅-OVCF 47例患者,评价临床与影像资料。[结果]47例均顺利完成手术,手术时间14～50 min,骨水泥注入量3.5～10 ml;发生骨水泥渗漏11例,但均无神经损伤并发症。随访2～26个月,随时间推移(术前,出院时,末次随访时),患者的VAS[(7.1±1.0),(1.7±0.8),(0.9±0.6),P<0.001]及ODI评分[(67.6±16.6),(16.9±8.6),(10.2±4.7),P<0.001]均显著减少。末次随访时,按改良MacNab标准,临床结果评定为优19例,良22例,可6例,...     

椎板间入路经皮内镜椎间盘摘除术治疗L5~S1腋下型腰椎间盘突出症效果分析

目的探讨椎板间入路皮内镜经椎间盘摘除术(PEID)治疗L₅~S₁腋下型腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2014-07—2020-06中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九九〇医院信阳医疗区骨科收治的72例L₅~S₁腋下型LDH患者的临床资料。分为椎板间入路PEID组(PEID组,31例)和传统后路开放椎间盘摘除术组(传统开放组,41例)。比较2组患者的手术情况、术后临床指标及各时间点的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)。结果PEID组的切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量,以及术后卧床时间和拆线时间均短(少)于传统开放组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访9~12个月,2组患者各时间点的VAS、ODI评分均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除PEID组患者术后第3天的VAS评分优于传统开放组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,其他时间点2组患者的VAS、ODI评分,以及并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论椎板间入路PEID与传统后路开放椎间盘摘除术治疗L₅~S₁腋下型LDH,在改善患者的VAS、ODI评分方面差异均无统计学意义,但椎板间入路PEID具有切口小、手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后早期痛苦小,以及并发症发生率不高等优势,故更有利于患者术后恢复。     

胸腔镜辅助下侧前路减压融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴椎体后缘骨软骨病

目的探讨胸腔镜辅助下侧前路减压融合术治疗胸腰段或高位腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)伴椎体后缘骨软骨病(vertebral osteochondrosis,VO)的可行性及其临床效果。方法回顾性分析2017年12月至2019年12月采用胸腔镜辅助下侧前路减压融合术治疗胸腰段或高位LDH伴VO 10例患者的病历资料,男6例,女4例;年龄37~65岁,平均49.2岁。手术节段均为单节段,累及T₁₂L₁节段5例、L_1,2节段2例、L_2,3节段3例。4例患者为单纯胸腰段或高位LDH伴VO;6例患者合并黄韧带增生、骨化致椎管狭窄或后凸畸形,联合后路减压内固定术或矫形手术。主要观察指标为疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)及椎间隙前、后缘高度,根据改良MacNab标准评估临床疗效。结果10例患者均顺利完成手术,术中在胸腔镜辅助下能清晰显露并彻底去除突出的椎间盘和骨化物,脊髓、神经根和硬膜囊得到充分减压。手术时间(115.4±23.8)min(范围70~180 min);术中失血量(122.6±21.3)ml(范围40~310 ml)。术后随访时间为12~36个月,平均21.6个月。末次随访时10例患者VAS评分由术前(7.2±1.9)分降至(1.8±1.1)分,ODI由术前64.3%±13.9%降至16.3%±5.1%,椎间隙前缘高度由术前(7.8±1.5)mm改善至(11.9±2.3)mm,椎间隙后缘高度由术前(4.5±1.1)mm改善至(7.4±1.6)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时改良MacNab疗效评定为优9例、良1例。结论胸腔镜辅助下侧前路减压融合术治疗胸腰段或高位LDH伴VO,可提供清晰的手术视野,能够充分显露、彻底去除突出的椎间盘及骨化物,术后近期疗效满意。     

经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的效果

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症(PLID)的效果。方法对36例极外侧型PLID患者实施经皮穿刺椎间孔镜下髓核摘除、神经根减压术。回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果36例患者均成功完成手术。手术时间(82.49±27.17)min,术中出血量(131.30±46.80)mL,住院时间(6.20±2.26)d。术后随访12~18个月,术后各时段的腰腿痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)均明显低于术前;术后3个月和末次随访时改良Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)低于术前。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访依据MacNab标准判定疗效,治疗优良率为91.67%(33/36)。结论经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗极外侧型PLID,创伤小,术后恢复及症状缓解快,能有效提高患者的生活质量。     

后外侧入路椎间孔镜下L_5/S_1椎间盘突出伴高髂嵴髓核摘除术的技术改进

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜后外侧入路完成L5/S1椎间盘突出伴高髂嵴的髓核摘除术操作技巧。方法 2014年1月～2016年4月,对148例L5/S1椎间盘突出伴高髂嵴,实施经后外侧椎间孔镜椎间盘髓核摘除术,采用导杆再置和偏心环锯等改良方法。结果手术均顺利完成,术后即刻腿痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)由术前(7.27±0.73)分降为(1.88±0.28)分,无感染、硬脊膜损伤及神经根损伤等并发症发生。随访12～26个月,平均16.2月。椎间盘突出复发或下肢疼痛加重9例。术后3个月[(1.82±0.32)分]、末次随访[(1.80±0.32)分]腿痛VAS评分较术前均明显降低(P=0.000),术后各时点腿痛VAS差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月[(12.28±1.62)分]、末次随访[(11.88±1.50)分]Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI)较术前[(31.13±2.45)分]显著降低(P0.05);末次随访改良MacNab标准优、良、可、差分别为118、16、5、9例,优良率90.5%(134/148)。结论 L5/S1椎间盘突出伴高髂嵴患者通过后外侧椎间孔入路行椎间孔镜椎间盘髓核摘除术,在导杆再置和偏心环锯等改良方法的基础上是可行和有效的。     

经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS-ISEE技术治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症

[目的]探讨经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS-ISEE技术治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的安全性及有效性。[方法]回顾性分析了本院2017年1月～2018年5月采用经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS-ISEE技术治疗并获得随访的29例老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症患者的临床资料,采用VAS评分和ODI评分评价临床疗效。末次随访时,采用改良MacNab标准评定优良率。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,1例术中发生硬膜撕裂,无神经血管损伤、椎间隙感染、症状性髓核残留等并发症发生。手术时间55～95 min,平均(72.29±11.52) min;术后住院时间2～6 d,平均(3.75±1.04) d;29例患者获得13～25个月随访,平均(18.76±3.92)个月。随访期间,1例患者腰椎间盘突出复发。术后各时间点腰痛VAS评分、腿痛VAS评分及ODI评分均较术前改善(P0.05)。末次随访时,根据改良MacNab评分标准评定优良率为89.66%。[结论]经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS-ISEE技术能安全、有效地治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症,可在临床推广应用。     

经皮椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出伴后纵韧带骨化的临床研究

[目的]探讨经皮椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出伴后纵韧带骨化的临床效果及手术技巧。[方法]收集本院2014年12月~2016年11月收治的腰椎间盘突出伴后纵韧带骨化患者共计10例,均行经皮侧方椎间孔镜技术进行治疗。平均病程26.5个月,平均随访时间10.2个月。分别于术前及术后1 d、3个月和末次随访时行视觉疼痛模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)和改良Mac Nab疗效评定对临床疗效进行分析评估,对患者术前和末次随访时X线片、CT和MRI影像学资料进行比较,并统计手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、住院时间等资料。[结果]腰痛VAS评分从术前的(8.46±0.23)降至末次随访的(1.12±0.19)分;腿痛VAS评分从术前的(8.68±0.22)分降至末次随访的(1.05±0.25)分;ODI评分分别从术前(81.25±2.86)分降至末次随访的(13.25±1.38)分。末次随访时,依据改良的Mac Nab标准评估,优良率达90%。[结论]经皮椎间孔镜技术可有效治疗腰椎椎间盘突出伴后纵韧带骨化,使神经根得到及时彻底减压及松解,临床效果显著。     

Duration of Disability Following Lumbar Disc Surgery

The total duration of disability of 116 patients operated on for lumbar disc prolapse was studied 10 years postoperatively. From the beginning of the observation period 10 years before surgery, the number of days on sick-leave increased continually and no positive effect of the surgical treatment in this respect could be observed. There was a highly significant coincidence between the end-result assessment by the patient and the total duration of the postoperative disability. The following factors were conducive to a short total period of postoperative disability: early surgery (short interval of preoperative sciatica), short total preoperative period of sick-leave and immediate relief of sciatic pain by the operation. The objective changes in the preoperative state of the patient such as neurological and X-ray findings had a less significant influence.     

Postoperative Pain Therapy After Lumbar Disc Surgery

Summary  Object. This study was undertaken to determine whether a special postoperative pain administration of tramadol and diclofenac provides any benefits in patients who underwent microsurgical lumbar discectomy.  Methods. The study consisted of 60 patients undergoing microsurgical lumbar discectomy. Patients were randomly divided into two groups based on the postoperative pain management: 1) Group A (n=30): no standardized pain therapy; these patients received on demand different analgesics and at variable dosages which were selected by the neurosurgeons; 2) Group B (n=30): standardized pain therapy with specific dosages of tramadol and diclofenac in regular time intervals during the first 48 hours after surgery. After surgery follow-up data from a special standardized questionnaire were obtained for all 60 patients during the first 48–72 postoperative hours. The patients were asked for course and intensity of pain as well as about some specific circumstances of clinical therapy after surgery.  The postoperative pain intensity of patients treated with the special combination of tramadol and diclofenac was significantly diminished (24 hours after surgery: p=0.0002, 48 h: p=0.0047, 72 h: p=0.0034) in relation to the group without standardized pain therapy. Similarly, the frequency of breakthrough pain was significantly reduced (24 h: p=0.0001, 48 h: p=0.003, 72 h: p=0.004).  Conclusions. The results suggest that the application of tramadol and diclofenac during the first 48 hours after lumbar microdiscectomy results in a reduction in postoperative pain without complications. We suggest that the use of this combination can be a beneficial adjunct to lumbar disc surgery.     

Duration of Disability Following Lumbar Disc Surgery

The total duration of disability of 116 patients operated on for lumbar disc prolapse was studied 10 years postoperatively. From the beginning of the observation period 10 years before surgery, the number of days on sick-leave increased continually and no positive effect of the surgical treatment in this respect could be observed. There was a highly significant coincidence between the end-result assessment by the patient and the total duration of the postoperative disability. The following factors were conducive to a short total period of postoperative disability: early surgery (short interval of preoperative sciatica), short total preoperative period of sick-leave and immediate relief of sciatic pain by the operation. The objective changes in the preoperative state of the patient such as neurological and X-ray findings had a less significant influence.     

多间隙腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗

目的：报道采用多椎板开窗、摘除突出椎间盘，治疗多间隙腰椎间盘突出症，保持脊柱稳定性的治疗经验。方法：自1995～2002年，手术治疗多间隙腰椎间盘突出症384例，其中58岁以下者352例，采用多个椎板间潜行式开窗，开窗最少2处，最多6处。结果：经平均6个月随访，效果优314例，良28例，可10例，优良率97．2％。结论：椎板间多窗潜行式治疗多节段、多处椎间盘突出症，可达到治疗愈目的，并发症少，并有助于保持脊椎的稳定性。以熟练的椎板开窗手术技术，摘除突出的椎间盘，解除神经根受压，保证手术效果是关键。