50例宫颈腺癌的临床分析

１９７８年３月至１９８８年３月我院共收治宫颈腺癌患者５０例，Ⅰ期１８例，Ⅱ期３０例，Ⅲ期２例，其５年生存率分别为７７．８％、４６．７％、０。采用放疗与手术为主的综合治疗，单纯放疗５年生存率４８．３％，手术为主的综合治疗５年生存率７０．６％，临床分期，治疗方式，病理分级，有无盆腔淋巴转移均影响其预后。     

ⅡA期宫颈腺癌治疗方法比较（附63例报告）

全组６３例ⅡＡ期宫颈腺癌，总５年生存率为５８．７％。单纯放疗组５年生存率为４７．１％，而单纯手术组及综合治疗组分别为６３．６％及７７．８％，以根治性手术为主并辅以放疗的综合治疗效果明显优于单纯放疗。宫颈腺癌的预后较鳞癌差。在同一期别中，其５年生存率与宫颈肿瘤大小、盆腔淋巴结转移等因素有关，而与组织学类型似乎关系不大。我们主张在ⅡＡ期宫颈腺癌中，若宫颈肿瘤＞３ｃｍ，术前辅助腔内放疗；而术后有淋巴转移     

影响子宫颈腺癌手术治疗的预后因素

[目的]探讨影响子宫颈腺癌长期生存的预后因素。[方法]对1963年10月至1992年10月间收治的98例以手术治疗为主的子宫颈腺癌患者进行分析。[结果]总5年生存率592％。其中Ⅰ。期778％、ⅡA期58．3％、ⅡB期36．0％、ⅢB期0。临床分期、宫颈局部表现、肿瘤大小、肌层侵犯深度、肿瘤分化程度、病理类型和盆腔淋巴结转移时5年生存率有影响。[结论]早期诊断是提高生存率的关键，对有高危因素的宫颈腺癌患者应采取手术为主、辅助放疗的方法。早期年轻病例可谨慎保留一侧卵巢。     

放射综合治疗腮腺癌(附182例临床资料回顾分析)

目的：回顾分析影响腮腺癌预后的因素，并从放射治疗的角度提出改善腮腺癌预后的措施。资料和方法：复习１９７９－１９８９年收治并经病理证实的腮腺癌１８２例。Ⅰ期４７例、Ⅱ期４６例、Ⅲ期４５例、Ⅳ期４４例。单纯手术６４例，手术加放疗１１４例，单纯放疗和化疗各２例。结果：总的５、１０年生存率分别为６８．１％（１２４／１８２）和５３．８％（５０／９３）。肿瘤有疼痛、局部有浸润、Ⅶ颅神经受侵面部有麻木使５、１０年生存率下降。术后放疗组的５年和１０年生存率比单纯手术组分别提高了１６．０％和２４．５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：腮腺癌的治疗应提倡手术加放射的综合治疗，放射治疗剂量≥５０Ｇｙ者预后比＜５０Ｇｙ者要好，光子束和电子束混合射线照射预后最好；必须强调手术的彻底性。     

影响牙龈鳞癌疗效因素（附90例临床分析）

１９７０年至１９８８年期间９０例牙龈鳞癌患者，按１９８７年ＵＬＣＣ标准分期，Ⅰ期９例（１０．０％）；Ⅱ期２５例（２７．８％）；Ⅲ期４２例（４６．７％）；Ⅳ期１４例（１５．６％）。采用单纯放疗１０例；单纯手术３７例；放疗＋手术治疗３０例；放疗＋化疗＋手术１３例。随访５年，１、３、５年的生存率分别为９０．０％，６１．１％，４７．８％。３、５年生存率随临床期别（Ⅱ期以上）增高而呈明显下降趋势（Ｐ＜０．０１）。笔者认为，对Ⅱ期以上牙龈鳞癌采用综合治疗较单纯放疗或单纯手术治疗有明显的优越性。     

影响宫颈腺癌放射治疗的预后因素

本文收集我院1980～1990年放射治疗宫颈腺癌163例根据FIGO分期Ⅰ期10例6．13％、Ⅱ期54例33．13％、Ⅲ期88例153．99％、Ⅳ期2例1．23％。9例中断治疗、17例失访、总5年生存率为50．28％。经COX回归分析，影响宫颈腺癌放射治疗的预后因素是：临床分期、肿瘤分化程度和放疗后肿瘤的消退情况。     

影响宫颈腺癌放射治疗的预后因素

 本文收集我院1980～1990年放射治疗宫颈腺癌163例根据FIGO分期Ⅰ期10例6．13％、Ⅱ期54例33．13％、Ⅲ期88例153．99％、Ⅳ期2例1．23％。9例中断治疗、17例失访、总5年生存率为50．28％。经COX回归分析，影响宫颈腺癌放射治疗的预后因素是：临床分期、肿瘤分化程度和放疗后肿瘤的消退情况。     

宫颈腺癌临床治疗与预后—附44例分析

目的：探讨宫颈腺癌合理的治疗方法及其影响预后的因素。方法：对1986－1995年44例宫颈腺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果：5年总生存率59．09％,其中ⅠA100％,ⅠB50％,Ⅱ期72．72％,Ⅲ期44．44％。临床分期、局部肿瘤直径、肌层浸润和淋巴结转移对5年生存率有影响。结论：ⅠB期以上的宫颈腺癌应予以综合治疗;影响宫颈腺癌的预后因素包括临床病理分期、组织学类型及治疗方式等。     

41例宫颈粘液腺癌临床分析

目的：探讨宫颈粘液腺癌的临床特点及其治疗方法。方法：本文对1958年至1990年我院收治的41例宫颈粘液腺癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：宫颈粘液腺癌占同期宫颈腺癌的19．16（41／214）。平均年龄为50．89岁，阴道白带增多为临床突出症状，按FIGO分期，Ⅱ期占34．14％（14／41），Ⅲ期占56．09％（23／41），Ⅳ期占9．76％（4／41）。采用单纯放疗26例，综合治疗15例。总5年生存率为13．20％，其中Ⅱ期33.30％，Ⅲ期2．17％，Ⅳ期0.宫颈直径≤3cm和＞3cm5年生存率分别为9．09％和12.80％（P＞0．05）。结论：本资料表明宫颈粘液腺癌的预后比宫颈鳞癌以及其他类型的宫颈腺癌差，与临床分期有关，但与宫颈肿瘤大小无关。     

子宫颈腺癌44例临床分析

我院自1987年7月－1994年12月共收治宫颈腺癌44例,占同期宫颈癌治疗总数的5．1％,按FIGO分期：Ⅱ20例（占45．6％）,Ⅲ期24例（占54．4％）,采用单纯放疗21例（47．7％）,综合治疗23例（52．3％）,单纯放疗组总的5年生存率33．3％,其中Ⅱ期5年生存率42．9％,Ⅲ期25％,,综合治疗组总5年生存率61．7％,其中Ⅱ期72．7％,Ⅲ期42．9％,分析表明综合治疗可提高子宫颈腺癌的5年生存率。     

Quantitative evaluation of radiation and surgical therapy for cervical cancer

Treatment results for uterine cervix cancer were evaluated using a new concept named "Effective Survival Rate". This rate was calculated by subtracting the weighted sum of incidence rates of various complications from the 5-year survival rate. The numerical values for various complications were assigned as follows: surgical death, 1.0; severe complications, such as fistula ureterovaginalis and ileus, 0.5; mild complications, such as rectum and urinary bladder complications, 0.3 and 0.2. These values were determined with reference to the Karnofsky index of performance status. The effective survival rate was calculated for patients with stage 2 and 3 uterine cervix cancer treated by radiation therapy and surgery, and compared as a function of age between 30 and 70 years. We concluded that the effective survival rate was comparable for radiation therapy and surgery for stage 2 uterine cervix cancer. However, in patients with stage 3, radiation therapy was superior.     

Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix

Fifty patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix were evaluated retrospectively. Treatment was based on the stage and size of tumors and the overall medical condition of the patient. Radical surgery or surgery in combination with radiation therapy was employed whenever possible. The overall survival rate was 50%, with Stage IB survival 74%. Survival in Stage IB patients was adversely affected by increasing tumor grade and size. This closely correlated with a tendency of the tumors to dedifferentiate as they increased in size. Lymph node involvement increased with increasing grade of tumor as well. Survival in patients with advanced disease was dismal. Survival increased with aggressive management which should, if possible, include surgery in Stage I and II disease.     

High versus low dose rate intracavitary irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy has been used as a standard modality in the treatment of patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy on patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and to compare them with the effects of LDR brachytherapy. METHODS: From January 1971 to December 1992, 104 patients suffering from adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated with radiation therapy in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University. LDR brachytherapy was carried out on 34 patients and HDR brachytherapy on 70 patients. In the LDR group, eight patients were in stage IB, six in IIA, 12 in IIB, three in IIIA and five in IIIB. External radiation therapy was delivered with 10 MV X-rays, 2 Gy fraction per day, total dose of whole pelvis 36-52 Gy (median 46 Gy). LDR radium intracavitary irradiation was performed with a Henschke applicator, 37-59 Gy targeted at point A (median 43 Gy). In the HDR group, there were 16 patients in stage IB, six in IIA, 32 in IIB and 16 in IIIB. The total whole pelvis dose of external radiation was 40-50 Gy (median 44 Gy), daily 1.8-2.0 Gy. HDR Co-60 intracavitary irradiation was performed with a remotely controlled after-loading system (RALS), 30-48 Gy (median 39 Gy) targeted at point A, three times per week, 3 Gy per fraction. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate in the LDR group was 72.9, 61.9 and 35.7% in stage I, II and III, respectively and the corresponding figures for HDR were 87.1, 58.3 and 43.8% (p > 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the HDR group and the LDR group in terms of the 5-year overall survival rate from adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. There was a late complication rate of 12% in the LDR group and 27% in the HDR group. The incidence of late complications in stages II and III was higher in the HDR group than in the LDR group (31.6 vs 16.7% in stage II, 37.3% vs 12.5% in stage III, p > 0.05). No prognostic factors were evident in the comparison between the two groups. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in terms of 5-year survival rate in the patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix between those treated with HDR and those treated with LDR brachytherapy. Even though late complication rates were higher in the HDR group, most of them were classified as grade I. This retrospective study suggests that HDR brachytherapy may be able to replace LDR brachytherapy in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.     

A therapeutic approach to primary adenocarcinoma of the cervix

Retrospective study of 97 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of two treatment methods, radiation alone and radiation plus surgery. Of 31 Stage I patients, 16 were treated with radiation alone and 15 with combined radiation plus surgery. There was no difference in 5-year disease-free survival of Stage I patients treated by either method. Of 44 Stage II patients, 30 were treated with radiation alone with 54% survival rate; while 14 were treated with a combined approach, with 86% survival rate. It is apparent from the results of this study that surgery in conjunction with radiation showed a significant improved survival rate from 54% to 86% in Stage II disease. Factors influencing the prognosis appear to be tumor volume, uterine size, and tumor grade. Furthermore, these data suggest that early primary adenocarcinoma of the cervix (Stage I, lesion smaller than 4 cm) can be treated effectively by radiation alone or radical hysterectomy with comparable results. Tumors larger than 4 cm, Stage II or beyond disease, uterine enlargement, a high-grade tumor or barrel-shaped lesion, would necessitate a combined therapy to improve the cure rate.     

高剂量率^192铱后装机腔内加外照射治疗宫颈癌60例临床分析

目的：探讨高剂量率^192铱后装腔内加体外照射治疗宫颈癌的疗效及副作用等。方法：2005年3月至2007年1月本院放疗中心共60例宫颈癌患者,采用8MV-X线直线加速器全盆照射,开始体外全盆腔照射,5次/周,2Gy/次,剂量25-40Gy;然后中间挡铅,4个野照射,5次/周,2Gy/次,宫旁剂量20-25Gy：同时腔内治疗,1次/周,6Gy/次,剂量为35-40Gy。腔内治疗采用ZL-HDR18铱高剂量率后装治疗机,全部病例均宫颈阴道同时进行。腔内治疗每周1次,A点剂量36-40GY/6-7F/6-7w,腔内治疗当日停体外照射,治疗时间56-77天。结果：CR＋PR 100%,随访超过3年,随访率达95%,3年生存率Ⅱ期88.3%,Ⅲ期82.9%;早期放射性直肠反应发生率为12.4%,膀胱反应发生率5.2%;晚期放射性直肠炎发生率13.8%,膀胱炎3.8%。结论：高剂量率^192铱后装机腔内加体外治疗宫颈癌的疗效满意,患者生存率较高,耐受好,并发症少。     

Stage IB,IIA and proximal IIB,carcinoma of the uterine cervix,treated by irradiation alone or in combination with surgery

This is a report of a nonrandomized comparison of treatment results of 139 patients with stage IB, IIA and proximal IIB carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by radiation alone and 113 treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. The five-year tumor free acturial survival for the patients with stage IB either with irradiation alone (RT) or combined with surgery (RS) was approximately 87%. For stage II the tumor free actuarial five-year survival 79% with patients of RS, and 76% with RT. In the 113 patients treated with RS there were 18 (16%). In the 139 patients treated by RT there were 18 (13%) recurrences of pelvic, 4 local recurrences, 11 combined with parametrial, and free parametrial recurrences. There was no significant difference in the survival and recurrence rate of the patients treated with either method. Major complications were comparable in both groups (RT approximately 25% and RS approximately 10%), but 2/3 of those complications recovered without sequelae. The most frequent minor complication in the patients treated with RT was rectosigmoiditis.     

Bulky, barrel-shaped cervical carcinoma (stages IB, IIA, IIB): the prognostic factors for pelvic control and treatment outcome.

The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic factors for pelvic control and the treatment outcome in bulky, barrel-shaped cervical carcinomas. Between September 1980 and December 1992, 65 patients with stage IB or stage IIA-B carcinoma of the uterine cervix classified as barrel-shaped or concentrically expanded (i.e., at least 5 cm in greatest diameter) were treated with curative intent. Forty patients had stage IB or stage IIA carcinoma (according to the classification of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO]), and 25 patients had FIGO stage IIB carcinoma. Seventy-two percent of the patients were treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone and 28% with radiotherapy followed by extrafascial hysterectomy (RT + S). The median follow-up time of surviving patients was 68 months (range 33-172). Survival and control rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The 10-year actuarial pelvic control rate was 75% for all patients. The likelihood of pelvic control was not affected by FIGO stage, tumor size, patient's age, histologic features, or treatment modality (RT vs. RT + S). The extent of tumor regression following external beam radiotherapy correlated with the likelihood of local control (p = 0.02). For patients treated with RT alone, increased brachytherapy dose was associated with an increased likelihood of local control. The 10-year actuarial overall and cause-specific survival rates were 53% and 68%, respectively, and did not differ significantly between treatment groups. It is concluded that for most patients with bulky cervical carcinoma, RT alone provides good local control and survival. However, for patients with tumors that respond poorly to external beam radiotherapy, local control and survival are poor. More aggressive treatment protocols should be considered for these patients. The routine use of adjuvant hysterectomy is not recommended.     

锡类散和维生素B12混合溶液治疗迟发放射性直肠炎疗效观察

目的探讨宫颈癌放疗后迟发性放射性直肠炎的发生情况及其处理。方法回顾分析2002-2006年在我科的207例宫颈癌病人接受放射治疗，分析其迟发放射性直肠炎的发生和治疗。结果于放疗6mo后发生放射性直肠炎者共39例（18．8％），伴出血者13例（33．3％），经过以锡类散和维生素B12为主的混合溶液保留灌肠等处理，36例痊愈或缓解，有效率达到92．3％，2例无效，1例因发生直肠瘘等接受手术治疗。结论用锡类散和维生素B12为主的混合溶液治疗宫颈癌放疗后晚期放射性直肠炎大部分可缓解，疗效满意。     

Radical hysterectomy versus radiation therapy for stage IB squamous cell cancer of the cervix

Three hundred forty-five patients with Stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were treated at the University of Michigan Medical Center from 1970 to 1985. The overall cumulative 5-year survival rate was 89% and the mean age was 44.6 years. In 213 patients undergoing radical hysterectomy the cumulative 5-year survival rate was 92%; 14 patients were explored for radical hysterectomy that was not performed due to high risk features and their survival rate was 50%. Ninety-seven patients underwent radiation therapy as initial treatment and had a 5-year survival rate of 86%. There was no significant difference when radiation therapy was compared with radical hysterectomy (P = 0.098). The survival rates for lesions 3 cm or smaller were 94% for radical hysterectomy and 88% for radiation therapy. When the lesion was larger than 3 cm, the survival rates were 82% with radical surgery and 73% with radiation therapy. Metastatic disease to lymph nodes was present in 26 of the 213 patients undergoing radical hysterectomy. When 1 to 3 nodes were involved 16 of 19 patients survived and when 4 to 10 nodes were involved 3 of 7 patients survived. The addition of radiation therapy did not influence survival. Complications were similar in both treatment groups. Fistulas occurred in 4 of 213 patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and 1 of 111 undergoing radiation. Second surgery for a complication was required in 6 of 213 patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and 7 of 111 undergoing radiation. Survival and complication rates in early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix are equal with either radical surgery or radiation therapy.     

Adjuvant hysterectomy for treatment of residual disease in patients with cervical cancer treated with radiation therapy

The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of adjuvant hysterectomy for treatment of residual disease in cervical carcinoma treated with radiation therapy. Between 1971 and 1996, 1590 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix (stages I-IIIb) were treated with radiation therapy. Three months after completion of radiation therapy, the status of local control was investigated, and total abdominal hysterectomy was performed in cases in which central residual disease existed in the cervix. Of the 1590 patients, residual disease was identified in 162 patients. Among these patients, 35 showed an absence of distant metastasis or lateral parametrial invasion and underwent hysterectomy. The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates for these patients were 68.6 and 65.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between patients with squamous cell carcinoma and those with non-squamous cell carcinoma or between patients with stage I/II carcinoma and those with stage III carcinoma. With respect to treatment-related morbidity, five (14.3%) patients suffered grade III or IV complications after hysterectomy. Adjuvant hysterectomy is an effective addition to radiation therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer, even in patients with stage III disease and in those with non-squamous cell carcinoma.