晚期胃癌动脉内灌注化疗栓塞的疗效分析(附54例报告)

目的：评价动脉内灌注化疗加栓塞治疗晚期胃癌的应用价值。方法：54例晚期胃癌，男37例，女17例，胃窦部8例，胃大弯侧8例。经股动脉穿刺，导管头端置于胃左动脉、胃右动脉、胃网膜右动脉，有肝转移者再超选入肝固有动脉；化疗方案，栓塞剂用碘化油。结果：复查病例中病灶有不同程度减小，临床症状减轻。治疗后半年、1年、2年生存率为94．4％、50％、40．7％。结论：胃动脉内化疗栓塞术是治疗晚期胃癌有效的方法之一。     

肝外滋养动脉在原发性肝癌介入治疗中的意义

目的:研究原发性肝癌肝外滋养动脉(非肝脏发出的动脉)在介入治疗原发性肝癌中的意义。方法:回顾性分析2009年3月～2010年8月本院500例原发性肝癌的DSA资料。寻找肝癌肝外滋养动脉的起源,并采用微导管行灌注化疗及栓塞治疗。结果:共发现36例患者存在40条肝外滋养动脉参入肿瘤供血。首次介入治疗发现6例,多次介入治疗发现20例,外科手术治疗后发现5例及经皮化学或物理消融术后发现5例。巨块型肝癌26例。其中右膈下动脉23例,右肾上腺动脉1例,右侧内乳动脉1例,胃左动脉3例,右结肠动脉分支3例,网膜动脉2例,胃十二指肠动脉4例,胰十二指肠动脉3例。其中4例患者存在2条肝外肿瘤滋养动脉。上述动脉均成功采用微导管插入行灌注化疗及栓塞,取得较好疗效。结论:肝外滋养动脉的存在直接影响肝癌治疗的疗效,尤其对多次介入治疗后的肝癌患者,积极寻找肝外肿瘤滋养动脉并行栓塞治疗,可进一步提高疗效。     

宫颈癌（ⅡB~ⅢB 期）动脉灌注化疗栓塞的临床疗效研究

目的：探讨宫颈癌(ⅡB~ⅢB期)动脉灌注化疗栓塞(介入治疗)的临床疗效。方法134例经病理确诊的(ⅡB~ⅢB期)宫颈癌经导管肿瘤供血动脉灌注化疗,明胶海绵颗粒栓塞子宫动脉。介入治疗2~3周行 MRI 及妇科检查评估肿瘤缓解情况,若降期有手术机会者,立即行广泛子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术。比较介入治疗前后肿瘤组织病理变化情况。结果近期有效率80.6%,CR 6.0%,PR 74.6%。104例经介入治疗后切除肿瘤,手术切除率77.6%。术中见子宫颈肿瘤色泽发白、癌灶萎缩坏死。术后肿瘤组织病理示间质淋巴细胞浸润,肿瘤细胞退变。结论动脉灌注化疗栓塞可提高ⅡB~ⅢB 期宫颈癌的手术切除率。     

经胃左动脉化疗与栓塞治疗贲门癌的临床应用

目的:评价经胃左动脉化疗与栓塞对贲门癌的疗效。对象与方法:44例经胃镜检查和病理证实的中、晚期贲门癌患者(含术后复发6例)均经胃左动脉灌注化疗(ADM MMC 5Fu或DDP MMC ADM)1～3次,其中12例还经栓塞治疗。结果:按全国胃癌协作组推荐“进展期胃癌全身化疗判定标准”,本组病例中,完全缓解即病变缩小70％以上伴症状明显改善者18例,部分缓解即病变缩小50％左右伴症状明显改善者19例,以及稳定即病变缩小25％以下伴症状轻微改善者7例。除9例死于化疗后第4～22个月(中位存活期13.2个月)外,其余35例至今仍生存,有的存活期已达30个月。在5例化疗后接受手术根治的患者中,术中发现比未经该化疗者的肿瘤界限较清晰,易剥离,出血少,而且部分已纤维化。结论:经胃左动脉化疗与栓塞对中、晚期贲门癌具有非常卓越的疗效。     

原发性肝癌肝外血供的血管造影分析及介入治疗

目的 探讨原发性肝癌的肝外血供的血管造影表现及其对肝癌介入治疗的意义.方法 本组32例原发性肝癌患者行常规腹腔动脉造影及肝外血供探查,并对其行超选择性插管及化疗栓塞治疗(TACE).结果 32例患者共见37支肝外营养血管,分别为肠系膜上动脉12支,右膈下动脉9支,左膈下动脉1支,胃左动脉6支,胰十二指肠动脉弓2支,胃网膜动脉2条,胃十二指肠动脉2支,右胸廓内动脉1支,右肋间动脉1支,脾动脉1支.大多数肝外血供为肠系膜上动脉和右膈下动脉;4支肝外营养血管因未能成功行超选择性插管而只予化疗药灌注治疗,其余33支肝外血供均行超选择性插管和化疗栓塞治疗.结论 原发性肝癌的肝外血供较为常见和多变,对肝外血供的化疗栓塞在肝癌的介入治疗中具有重要的意义.     

老年人胃癌介入治疗疗效的CT观察

对于失去手术机会或不愿接受手术治疗的老年性胃癌 ,介入治疗仍是一种比较理想的治疗方法[1,2 ] 。近几年我们对 112例 6 0岁以上的老年性胃癌进行超选择动脉灌注化疗 ,并对其中 32例经病理证实为腺癌诊疗两次以上者进行治疗前后ＣＴ对照观察 ,以评价治疗方法和疗效。1　资料和方法1.1　本组 32例 ,男 2 6例 ,女 6例 ,年龄 6 0～ 76岁 ,治疗前全部经胃肠造影及ＣＴ扫描。其中贲门癌 16例 ,胃体癌 6例 ,胃窦癌 8例 ,全胃癌 2例。ＣＴ表现为胃壁增厚 ,腔内软组织肿块 ,胃壁外侵犯。 18例有胃周淋巴结转移 ,合并肝脏转移 4例。经胃镜或手术探查…     

贲门癌肝转移的血供特点及其与经动脉化疗栓塞疗效的相关性

目的探讨贲门癌肝转移的血供特点及其与经动脉化疗栓塞治疗效果的关系。方法对42例经临床和病理组织学证实的贲门癌肝转移患者同时行贲门及肝脏肿瘤靶动脉栓塞化疗术。随后,在所有患者中观察了病灶血供特点,并评价了经动脉化疗栓塞治疗的效果及生存率。结果贲门癌病灶主要由胃左动脉供血,左膈下动脉、胃右动脉及肝左动脉可能参与供血。肝转移瘤由肝动脉供血,其中富血供、染色征明显者6例(14.3%),治疗有效率为83.3%;血供中等、染色较淡28例(66.7%),治疗有效率为53.5%;血供稀少、染色呈淡絮状或无明显染色8例(19.0%),治疗有效率为37.5%。经动脉化疗栓塞术后,0.5、1、2、3、5a生存率分别为90.4%,76.1%,33.3%,7.1%和2.4%。本组患者于诊断后中位生存期为19.6个月。结论经动脉化疗栓塞治疗是贲门癌肝转移的有效治疗方法,富血供肿瘤疗效优于乏血供肿瘤。     

肝癌的肝外动脉栓塞治疗

目的 探研肝癌肝外动脉供血的特殊规律及可能形成机制,旨在提高介入治疗的有效性.方法 选择516例肝癌介入栓塞前常规腹腔动脉和肠系膜上动脉造影的病例,对癌灶临近膈肌的121例加做选择性膈下、右肾上腺、右肋间或双侧内乳动脉造影,分析肝癌肝外动脉供血特征.结果 196例肝外动脉供血来源于膈下及右肾上腺动脉68例(34.7%),胃十二指肠及网膜动脉51例(26.0%),胃左动脉42例(21.4%),胰十二 指肠动脉弓24例(12.2% ),结肠右动脉2例(1.0%),内乳动脉供 血5例(2.6%),肋间动脉供血3例(1.5%)以及胰背动脉供血1例(0.5%).58例为栓塞或外科肝动脉结扎后肝动脉闭塞所致的肝外侧枝循环(29.6% ),其余为原发性肝外动脉供血.肝外动脉供血与癌灶的原发部位和大小密切相关,统计表明,右膈下或肾上腺动脉主要供养VII、VIII段肝癌,胃十二指肠及网膜动脉主要供养IV、V、VI段癌灶,左膈下或胃左动脉主要供养II、III、IV段肝癌等.肝外供血支的插管成功率为92.7 %(182例).结论 熟悉肝癌肝外动脉供血的特点并掌握其规律对临床准确、彻底阻断肝癌多动脉供血,提高肝癌患者的介入治疗生存率具有重要意义.     

榄香烯超液化乳剂动脉栓塞治疗进展期胃癌的临床研究

目的研究进展期不能手术或手术后复发胃癌用榄香烯超液化栓塞乳剂介入治疗的疗效及适用性。方法对68例进展期胃癌患者经超选择胃左动脉或肠系膜上动脉、腹腔动脉插管296人次,用ELF、ELP或EAP方案灌注化疗后,再用4GA9551比例的碘化油、榄香烯、MMC“泵法”配制的超液化乳剂栓塞,以治疗前后血管造影表现、GI、CT作为评价疗效的客观指标,治疗间隔时间2～4月。观察肿瘤缩小率、栓塞剂滞留情况、生存时间和生存率及病理组织学变化。结果1年生存率为63．2%、2年为29．4%,3年为7．45%,肝转移和非肝转移的平均生存期为9．6月和15．6月,肿瘤缩小率64．8%,均高于其它介入治疗或化疗。结论使用榄香烯超液化栓塞乳剂介入治疗进展期不能手术胃癌是一个有希望的治疗方法。     

晚期胃癌的介入放射治疗初探

胃癌患者确诊之后，约有25%以上不能手术，另外20%-25%患者虽然能施行手术，但手术时证明肿瘤已不能切除。胃动脉内灌注化疗是目前常用的治疗方法，其有效率及1年生存期分别为64.5%和43.5%，我院从2002年-2004年对38例不能手术及复发的胃癌患者进行胃左，胃十二指肠动脉灌注治疗，取得了较为满意的近期疗效。     

副胃左动脉在肝癌介入治疗中的意义

目的探讨副胃左动脉在肝细胞癌介入治疗中的临床意义。方法对387例确诊原发性肝细胞癌患者行64层螺旋CT检查,动脉期采用容积再现(VR)及最大密度投影(MIP)技术重建肠系膜上动脉及腹腔动脉分支起源及走行,并与血管造影对比。结果 387例均清楚显示腹腔动脉、脾动脉、胃左动脉、肝总动脉、肝固有动脉、肝左动脉、肝右动脉及胃十二指肠动脉;282例清楚显示胃右动脉起源。共发现副胃左动脉50例,其中46例发自肝左动脉远端,1例发自副肝左动脉远端,1例发自肝右动脉近端,2例发自肝固有动脉。三维重建结果与血管造影一致。结论副胃左动脉多起源于肝左动脉远端,正确认识副胃左动脉可以避免肝细胞癌介入治疗过程中异位栓塞的发生,减少并发症具有实用意义。     

肝移植术后动脉窃血综合征的介入诊疗(附5例报道)

目的:对肝移植术后动脉窃血综合征的诊断和介入治疗进行初步的探讨.方法:5例患者因肝移植治疗术后超声多普勒检查肝内未见动脉血流,提示肝动脉闭塞而行急症DSA检查.血管造影诊断为窃血综合征,并行窃血动脉介入栓塞治疗.结果:5例患者中脾动脉窃血4例,胃十二指肠动脉和胃右动脉窃血1例,患者随访时间3～9个月,随访期间患者移植肝脏功能正常,未见与动脉栓塞相关的并发症发生.结论:肝移植术后动脉窃血综合征虽然发生率不高,但造成的危害严重,应该受到重视,早期诊断、早期治疗彩夺目对于移植肝脏功能的保护相当重要.介入栓塞治疗以其微创、高效、并发症少的优点,应作为首选的治疗方法.     

肝癌介入治疗中肝动脉狭窄闭塞及肝外侧支血管对肝癌供血的分析

目的 探讨在肝癌介入治疗中肝动脉狭窄闭塞后肝外侧支血管的形成对肝癌介入治疗的意义。材料与方法 观察和统计787例肝癌血管造影中见到的37例肝动脉狭窄闭塞者肝外侧支血管的部位及其发生率。结果 右膈下动脉和胃左动脉是形成肝外侧支的主要血管,分别占40．5％、29．7％,而胰十二指肠下动脉、胃十二指肠动脉、肠系膜上动脉分别占8％、5．4％8％。肝右叶7、8段肿瘤侧支血供主要来自右隔下动脉,5、6段肿瘤主要来自胆总管周围动脉,肝左叶肿瘤侧支血供主要来自胃动脉。经 肝动脉狭窄闭塞的主要原因为重复导管化疗和操作不当。结论 肝左叶肿瘤侧支血供主要来自胃左动脉。引起肝动脉狭窄闭塞的主要原因为重复导管化疗和操作不当。结论 肝动脉狭窄闭塞后肝外侧支血管成为肝肿瘤的主要供血动脉。了解侧支血管发生的部位及其发生率对肝癌患者的进一步治疗有重要意义。     

Embolization of the right gastric artery before hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy to prevent gastric mucosal lesions: approach through the hepatic artery versus the left gastric artery

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether the hepatic artery or the left gastric artery is the better route of approach for selective embolization of the right gastric artery before hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using a port-catheter system. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients (56 men, 30 women; mean age, 62.1 years) with unresectable advanced liver cancer underwent percutaneous implantation of a port-catheter system. In the 75 patients who had not undergone gastrectomy, right gastric artery embolization was performed before port-catheter system placement to prevent gastric mucosal lesions. In 43 patients, the approach for embolization was through a microcatheter inserted from the hepatic artery site, and in the remaining 32 patients, the approach was from the left gastric artery. The success rates of these two groups were compared. RESULTS: Embolization was successfully accomplished at the first attempt in 72.1% of the 43 patients in whom the microcatheter was inserted from the hepatic artery site. In contrast, in 93.8% of 32 patients, embolization was successfully performed through the left gastric artery. The success rate of embolization was significantly higher in the latter group (p = 0.0173, chi-square test). A second attempt in which the catheter was redirected to another approach, performed on the same day in a majority of patients, resulted in successful embolization in an additional eight patients, with a final success rate of 92.0%. CONCLUSION: Embolization of the right gastric artery using microcoils through a microcatheter advanced through the left gastric artery may be the preferred method for the preparation of repeated hepatic artery infusion.     

Collateral pathways in patients with celiac axis stenosis: angiographic-spiral CT correlation.

Although celiac axis stenosis is a frequently encountered occlusive vascular disease, clinically significant ischemic bowel disease caused by celiac axis stenosis is rarely reported due to rich collateral circulation from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The most important and frequently encountered collateral vessels from the SMA in patients with celiac axis stenosis are the pancreaticoduodenal arcades and the dorsal pancreatic artery. Subtypes of collateral pathways via the dorsal pancreatic artery include a longitudinal pathway between the celiac branches and the SMA or its branches and a transverse pathway to either the splenic or gastroduodenal artery. A communicating channel between the right hepatic artery and the SMA can be a route for collateral circulation. Hepatic artery variants cause the development of unique collateral pathways that have different characteristics depending on the type of variant. These collateral pathways include intrahepatic interlobar collateral vessels, right gastric to left gastric arterial anastomoses, left hepatic to left gastric arterial anastomoses, and peribiliary arterial plexuses. Major collateral pathways in patients with celiac axis stenosis can be identified with spiral CT, and knowledge concerning this collateral circulation may be important for certain medical procedures such as interventional procedures for the management of hepatic tumors, pancreaticobiliary surgery, and liver transplantation.     

Efficacy of the left gastric artery as a route for catheterization of the right gastric artery

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the left gastric artery as a route for embolization of the right gastric artery before port-catheter implantation for hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 88 patients (61 men and 27 women; mean age, 63.4 years; range, 25-83 years) with unresectable advanced liver cancer, retrograde catheterization of the right gastric artery through the left gastric artery was performed to embolize the right gastric artery. RESULTS: The right gastric artery was successfully catheterized and embolized in 79 patients (89.8%). In two of the nine patients in whom the procedure was not successful, we found that no right gastric artery existed after we succeeded in retrograde advancement of the microcatheter toward the hepatic site. The only procedure-related complication was misplacement of a microcoil into the hepatic artery site in two patients. CONCLUSION: The left gastric artery is an appropriate route for selective embolization of the right gastric artery as preparation for long-term hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy.     

介入治疗在腹部外科术后消化道大出血中的应用价值

目的确定介入治疗在腹部外科术后消化道大出血中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析11例腹部外科手术后急性消化道大出血并经内科保守治疗无效而介入治疗的病例,总结其DSA结果及介入治疗价值。结果11例腹部外科术后消化道出血患者中DSA发现胃左动脉出血1例,胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤4例,肝动脉假性动脉瘤2例,脾动脉假性动脉瘤1例,肠系膜下动脉分支血管感染性假性动脉瘤1例,肠系膜上动脉小分支血管出血2例。结论介入治疗是治疗腹部外科术后消化道大出血的有效方法。     

Right Gastric Artery Embolization Prior to Treatment with Yttrium-90 Microspheres

Purpose Intra-arterial infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres is a form of radiation treatment for unresectable hepatic neoplasms. Misdeposition of particles in the gastroduodenal area such as the right gastric artery (RGA) may occur with serious consequences. We present a series of patients who underwent a detailed vascular study followed by RGA embolization. Special emphasis is placed on anatomic variations and technical considerations. Methods In a 1 year period, 27 patients were treated. Initial vascular evaluation was performed, with careful attention to anatomic variants or extrahepatic arterial supply, especially to the gastroduodenal area. Embolization of such arteries was planned if needed. RGA embolization was performed antegradely from the hepatic artery or retrogradely via the left gastric artery (LGA). Postprocedural follow-up included clinical interview and gastroscopy if necessary. Results RGA embolization was performed in 9 patients presenting with primary (n = 3) or metastatic liver tumors (n = 6). Six patients underwent antegrade RGA embolization and 3 had embolization done retrogradely via the LGA. Retrograde access was chosen for anatomic reasons. None of the patients complained of gastroduodenal symptoms. Conclusion RGA embolization can help minimize the gastroduodenal deposition of radioactive particles. RGA embolization should routinely be carried out. The procedure can be performed, with similar technical success, by both anterograde and retrograde approaches.     

Emergency embolization in blunt hepatic trauma.

The right hepatic artery in a patient with traumatic liver tear was embolized with Gelfoam to stop an otherwise uncontrollable hemorrhage. The procedure was probably life saving in this patient. Transient elevated transaminase and bilirubin levels returned to normal 3 weeks after embolization. A repeat hepatic arteriogram 4 months after embolization demonstrated good revascularization of the right hepatic lobe from the left hepatic, left gastric, and gastroduodenal arteries. This case demonstrates the therapeutic value and safety of selective hepatic arterial branch embolization in massive life-threatening hemorrhage.