抗SARS病毒融合蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与初步鉴定

用基因工程技术表达的SARS-CoV S蛋白片段和N蛋白片段的融合蛋白作抗原免疫Balb/c小鼠,将免疫鼠脾细胞与Sp2/0细胞融合,经ELISA法筛选阳性克隆及测定效价,用免疫印迹法进行特异性鉴定。最终获得2株(1F11和3D2)能稳定分泌抗SARS-CoV融合蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。其培养上清的ELISA效价分别为1∶1024和1∶512;腹水效价分别为:1×10-6,2×10-5。1F11株识别融合蛋白上的N抗原表位,3D2识别其上的S抗原表位。该单抗可望成为快速诊断SARS-CoV感染的特异性抗体。     

抗前列腺干细胞抗原单克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定

目的　制备抗前列腺干细胞抗原 (PSCA)单克隆抗体 (McAb) ,并对其特性进行鉴定。方法　应用PC 3细胞免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,按常规方法融合并经间接ELISA方法筛选 ,制备稳定的抗PSCAMcAb ,并对McAb的亚型、组织特异性进行鉴定。结果　制备出抗PSCA单克隆抗体 ,免疫扩散鉴定为IgG1亚类 ,ELISA法测定其腹水效价为 5× 1 0 -5。组织学检查与前列腺癌组织呈阳性反应 ,与其他肿瘤组织均呈阴性反应 ,和人体正常组织细胞无一出现阳性反应。结论　初步制备出一株抗PSCA的单克隆抗体细胞株 ,能特异性识别前列腺癌组织 ,对前列腺癌的诊断和治疗提供有用的工具。     

抗紫杉醇单克隆抗体的制备及ELISA检测方法的建立

目的:制备抗紫杉醇单克隆抗体并建立间接ELISA检测方法。方法:用琥珀酸酐法将紫杉醇(taxol)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联制成全抗原taxol-BSA,采用紫外波长扫描法和薄层层析检测法对合成抗原进行鉴定;以taxol-BSA免疫Blab/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0进行融合,经间接ELISA法筛选、融合细胞有限稀释法克隆、克隆化杂交瘤细胞株的亚类鉴定等筛选出单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,并对单克隆抗体的特异性进行鉴定;用杂交瘤细胞株诱生小鼠腹水,应用辛酸-饱和硫酸铵沉淀法纯化腹水。同时,对间接ELISA法反应条件进行了优化。结果:获得了3株能稳定分泌抗紫杉醇单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为taxol-A1,taxol-A2和taxol-A3;taxol-A3株腹水效价为1∶128 000,属于IgG2b亚型;建立的间接ELISA法检测条件为15μg.mL-1抗原、4℃包被过夜、1%BSA封闭1 h,PBS做抗体稀释液,单抗反应时间为30 min,酶标二抗作用时间1 h,10%浓硫酸终止反应。结论:获得了特异性的抗紫杉醇单克隆抗体并建立了间接ELISA检测方法。本研究制备的抗紫杉醇单克隆抗体及建立的间接ELISA检测方法,为从内生真菌生物合成紫杉醇发酵液中迅速、高效地分离纯化和检测紫杉醇奠定了基础。     

抗人CDC7单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的 制备抗人CDC7蛋白的单克隆抗体并鉴定其生物学特性.方法 以GST-CDC7为免疫原,免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞(SP2/0细胞)融合,经多次筛选及克隆化,建立可以稳定分泌抗人CDC7单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株.用间接ELISA,Western Blot,免疫细胞化学(ICC)对此抗体特性进行鉴定.结果 筛选到1株能稳定分泌抗人CDC7的细胞株1F7D2C9.亚类鉴定为IgG2a,轻链为kappa链,ELISA法鉴定该抗体腹水效价为1∶102 400,抗体亲和常数为1.558×109 L/mol,Western Blotting分析表明,此抗体能特异识别细胞株的天然CDC7蛋白质.免疫细胞化学进一步显示CDC7分布于细胞核中.结论 成功制备了抗人CDC7单克隆抗体,为研究CDC7与细胞癌变的关系建立了基础.     

单株抗人肝脏微粒体蛋白及细胞色素P450单克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定

目的:制备抗正常人肝脏微粒体(HLM)及细胞色素P450蛋白的单克隆抗体.方法:采用人肝脏微粒体蛋白作为免疫原免疫Balb/C小鼠,按常规方法融合、克隆,经间接ELISA法筛选抗体阳性杂交瘤细胞株,通过单抗亚类、Western blot对抗体进行初步鉴定.结果:成功地制备了一株抗肝微粒体蛋白的单克隆抗体(MAb),命名为MAb 10C7.用鼠单抗亚类快速鉴定纸条鉴定10C7为IgG2b.Western blot分析显示,MAb 10C7可特异识别相对分子量为46kD的人肝脏微粒体蛋白.结论:MAb 10C7抗正常人肝脏微粒或细胞色素P450蛋白的特异性强,对相关蛋白质的功能研究有较好的应用前景.     

抗人肝微粒体蛋白单克隆抗体细胞系的建立及鉴定

目的 初步建立抗人肝微粒体蛋白单克隆抗体规模化制备技术平台,为制备抗人细胞色素P450(CYP450)亚型蛋白的单克隆抗体奠定基础.方法 按常规方法进行细胞融合,以酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)筛选杂交瘤,以ELISA、免疫组化(IH)、免疫印迹(Western Blot)、免疫沉淀(IP)对单克隆抗体加以鉴定.结果 融合后筛出杂交瘤,其分泌抗体类型为IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b及IgM.免疫组化(IH)图片上,人肝细胞浆内均可见阳性颗粒.免疫沉淀(IP)和免疫印迹(WesternBlot)结果显示,所制备抗体与人肝微粒体蛋白有特异性结合.结论 筛选制备的单克隆抗体杂交瘤能分泌特异性较强的抗人肝微粒体蛋白单克隆抗体.     

人结缔组织生长因子单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

用纯化的人结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)免疫BalB/C小鼠,采用杂交瘤技术制备CTGF单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,McAb),获得2株稳定分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞系7C7和8A11。两株细胞染色体众数分别为95条和91条;单抗亚类鉴定结果显示2株单抗均为IgG1型;间接ELISA法测定7C7和8A11腹水效价分别为:1.3×105和8.1×104;相对亲和力:7C7>8A11。CTGF单克隆抗体的制备为相关实验研究和临床诊断提供了条件。     

抗HBsAg单链抗体特异性单克隆抗体的制备及应用

目的获得抗HBsAg单链抗体(HBScFv)的单克隆抗体,并初步研究其在抗HBsAg类小分子抗体及其融合蛋白质的纯化、活性鉴定方面的应用。方法利用杂交瘤技术,以大肠杆菌表达的重组抗HBScFv为抗原,免疫Balb/c小鼠,再将小鼠脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行细胞融合。通过ELISA法、Western-blot鉴定特异性单克隆抗体,通过免疫双扩散法鉴定单抗亚型,并将筛选到的高效价单抗用于抗HBsAg Fab抗体等重组蛋白质的亲和色谱及ELISA鉴定。结果建立了9株能够稳定分泌抗HBScFv特异性单克隆抗体的细胞株,其细胞上清效价为1∶160~1∶12 800,腹水效价为1∶50 000~1∶400 000;单克隆抗体的亚类分析结果显示有6株为IgG1,其余3株为IgG2a。初步应用结果表明制备的单克隆抗体14F7可用于抗HBsAg Fab抗体等重组蛋白质的亲和色谱及活性鉴定。结论成功建立了能够稳定分泌HBScFv特异性单克隆抗体的细胞株。     

抗重组人巨细胞病毒单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为了获得抗人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)单克隆抗体(McAb).采用重组HCMV(rhCMV)gp52蛋白片段免疫Balb/c小鼠,将免疫鼠脾细胞与Sp2/0细胞融合,经ELISA法筛选阳性克隆及测定效价,用免疫印迹法进行特异性鉴定.最终获得4株(3E9,5A6,4G12,2H2)能稳定分泌高效价抗rhCMV McAb的杂交瘤细胞.其培养上清的ELISA效价分别为12048,11024,11024,1512;腹水效价分别为1×10-7,1×10-7,1×10-6,2×10-6.它们分别识别gp52蛋白上的2个不同的抗原表位,2H2识别gp52蛋白上的一个表位,3e9,5A6和4G12识别另一个表位.该单抗可作为快速诊断CMV感染的特异性抗体.     

抗delta-like-1单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的 制备抗delta-like-1的单克隆抗体并鉴定其特异性.方法 用delta-like-1多肽-BSA蛋白复合物作为免疫原免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞(SP2/0)融合,经多次筛选及克隆化,建立可以稳定分泌抗delta-like-1单抗的杂交瘤细胞株.用ELISA、Western blot、细胞免疫组化对此抗体特性进行鉴定.结果 筛选到两株能稳定分泌抗delta-like-1单抗的细胞株3H11C11A9E3和2D5D11F8F1,亚类鉴定两株均为IgG1,轻链为kappa链;ELISA法测定两株细胞腹水抗体效价分别为1∶4.096×105和1∶1.024×105,抗体亲和常数分别为3.98×107、3.28 × 107L·mol-1;Western blot显示此单抗能特异性识别神经胶质瘤细胞株U251中的天然delta-like-1蛋白;细胞免疫组化进一步显示delta-like-1分布于细胞核中.结论 成功制备了抗delta-like-1单克隆抗体,可为研究delta-like-1与脑胶质瘤等神经系统疾病的关系奠定基础.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.