体外肺膜氧合在急性冠脉综合征介入治疗中的临床应用与分析

目的 总结及分析体外肺膜氧合（Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation，ECMO）在急性冠状动脉综合征（Acute coronary syndrome,ACS）介入治疗中的临床应用及评价预后。方法 回顾性分析2015年8月至2018年8月因ACS入院，并在ECMO辅助下行冠状动脉造影术的20例患者的临床资料。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析，计量资料以x±s表示，采用COX回归分析相关因素与患者生存时长的关系，并用OR值与相关因素与生存时间长短之间的关系强度，采用寿命表达计算总数的生存率和绘制生存曲线图。结果 20例ECMO支持下行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（Percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention，PCI）， 患者中16例成功置入冠状动脉支架，其年龄为43~76岁，平均年龄（61.4±9.1）岁，中位年龄为61岁；平均住院天数为（18.0±12.4）d；ECMO平均支持时间为（31.52±27.97）h，术后成功脱机16例（80%），生存出院16 例（80%），术后6个月生存率85.0%，平均住院时间为（18.0±12.4）d，术后并发症（OR=3.486，95%CI 1.266~9.599）、ECMO支持时间（OR=1.05，95%CI 1.010~1.106）、术后CK（OR=1.009，95%CI 1.001~1.017）是急性冠状动脉综合征ECMO辅助行PCI 预后的危险因素，其中死亡终点事件主要分布在术后30 d内，术后5例（71.4%）出现肺部感染，2例（28.6%）出现急性出血，1例（14.3%）出现心房颤动 ，1例（14.3%）出现肾功能不全、呼吸衰竭，给予CRRT及呼吸机辅助治疗，1例（14.3%）出现弥漫性血管内凝血，1例（14.3%）下肢缺血性坏疽。结论 ECMO辅助PCI为ACS提供了有效治疗方式，严格把握ECMO辅助时间对治疗危重症ACS远期预后有着重要的意义。     

ECMO与临床

近年来体外膜氧合(extracorporelal membrane oxygenation．ECMO)治疗某些心肺疾病的存活率显提高，并发症的发生率亦趋降低。特别是在ECMO期间，肺脏得到休息，肺内各组织细胞有一个修复治疗的机会，这在一般的现行治疗中难以达到．因此，ECMO就显得格外重要。     

体外肺膜氧合技术在急性心肌梗死中临床应用与研究进展

众多循证医学证据表明，体外肺膜氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenator，ECMO）作为新型体外循环支持技术的代表，广泛应用于急性心肌梗死 (acute myocardial infarction, AMI) 伴心脏泵衰竭、心源性休克治疗之中。它通过人工血泵有效地替代患者的心脏功能，维持循环功能稳定，减轻心脏负担，改善心肌缺氧，促进心肌更好的修复，稳定血流动力学，增加重要脏器灌注，为AMI行经皮冠脉介入治疗( percutaneous?coronary intervention, PCI ）在内各种再灌注治疗争取宝贵的时间及提供稳定的内环境，明显减少心源性休克，心力衰竭等治疗大量使用血管活性药物所致的内环境紊乱及药物毒副作用，使心脏获得充分休息，增加能量储备，减少患者死亡率，改善预后，保护心肌，保护生命。ECMO在急性心肌梗死伴心源性休克治疗过程中有着不可替代的作用，并将成为新一代既安全又高效的全新的体外循环支持技术代表，广泛应用于循环，呼吸衰竭，多脏器功能障碍治疗当中，使更多的患者看到生命的曙光。     

ECMO联合CRRT治疗爆发性心肌炎一例报告及文献复习

爆发性心肌炎（Fulminant myocarditis, FM）起病症状不明显,较难早期诊断,而又因其病情进展快,病人可迅速出现急性心力衰竭,严重者甚至可发生全身多器官功能衰竭。本文对本院一例爆发性心肌炎合并多器官功能衰竭病例进行讨论分析,探究爆发性心肌炎的早期诊断方法及治疗方案。     

人工膜肺

人工膜肺是体外循环临床应用的延伸。本文对70年代以来应用体外膜氧合(ECMO)低频正压通气与体外CO_2清除(LFPPV-ECCO_2R)、血管内氧合装置(IVOX)等人工膜肺治疗重症急性呼吸衰竭的现状和展望作一综述。     

ECMO辅助Standford A型主动脉夹层累及冠状动脉围手术期麻醉管理1例

<正>1临床资料患者,男,44岁,94 kg,168 cm,因“剧烈胸痛和大汗一日”被送入当地医院,计算机体层摄影血管造影（computer tomographic angiography,CTA）提示Standford A型主动脉夹层。2021年11月14日转入我院。患者既往有高血压病史2年,未服用降压药。入院检查：心率75次/分,左上肢血压121/69 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)右上肢血压125/70 mmHg,血氧饱和度95%,神志清,心律齐,未闻及心脏杂音,双肺未闻及啰音。     

“5P转运体系”在新型冠状病毒肺炎危重患者 ECMO支持下院内转运中的应用

目的 总结2020年2月~3月我院应用“5P转运体系”在新型冠状病毒肺炎危重患者ECMO支持下院内转运的成功管理经验。方法 结合我院危重患者“5P转运体系”制定ECMO院内转运核查清单：转运人员资质及分工,转运评估,转运设备及药品,转运路线、途中病情监测沟通及突发事件处理,转运后交接;防止遗漏要点,确保转运过程安全高效。结果 3例ECMO支持新型冠状病毒肺炎危重患者院内顺利转运共9人次。转运距离1.5~2km,ECMO转运时间0.5~1.5h,尽管出现了2次转运意外,但处理及时,患者呼吸循环稳定,转运期间生命体征波动范围：HR＜10次/分,SpO2＜5%,均未发生转运不良事件。结论 在完善的“5P转运体系”支撑下,ECMO支持下的新冠肺炎危重患者院内转运具有可行性和安全性,是推动新型冠状病毒肺炎重患者救治的重要手段。     

第二届中国体外生命支持论坛(ChECLS)征文通知

<正>由中国医师协会、中国生物医学工程学会体外循环分会、首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心脏外科危重症中心主办的,第二届中国体外生命支持论坛会,定于2014年8月16日至2014年8月17日在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院举行,本届论坛的主题是"学研并举,支持生命"。论坛将组织国内外专家就ECMO及相关领域的技术进展、理论与机制创新等问题进行交流;邀请近年在重要期刊发表过ECMO相关文章的学     

ECMO辅助治疗甲型H1N1流感危重症患者4例体会

目的探讨ECMO在救治甲型H1N1流感危重症病人中的应用价值。方法 4例并发ARDS的甲型H1N1流感危重症确诊病人,在常规机械通气效果不理想的情况下,给予实施V-V ECMO,实施ECMO期间降低呼吸机支持参数,并给予必要的镇静、镇痛,加强护理。结果 4例病人在应用ECMO后氧合明显好转,双肺病灶明显吸收,均顺利脱离ECMO,其中3例顺利脱离呼吸机、拔管、治愈出院,1例病人因原发基础疾病加重导致MODS而死亡。结论 V-V ECMO可较长时间替代肺脏功能,缓解机体缺氧,为肺脏病变的治愈和功能恢复赢得时间,对于甲型H1N1流感危重症病人,尤其是常规机械通气效果不佳的患者,不失为一种临时挽救生命的手段。     

急诊床边体外循环膜氧合治疗呼吸机难以纠正的急性呼吸衰竭

近年，随着新材料的应用、组织相容性的提高、生物医学工程的迅速发展，使体外循环膜氧合（ECMO）支持治疗重症肺功能不全的疗效已重新得到肯定，既往大多应用于早产儿、新生儿，近年此项新技术在成人患者的应用效果得到了重新确认。我们于1997年开始对6例呼吸机难以纠正的重度急性呼吸衰竭急诊床边开展ECMO治疗，     

Medical and Psychology Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Aging and Sexuality

The current study surveys medical and doctoral psychology students (N = 100) from an urban northeastern university regarding knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality and aging using the Facts on Aging Quiz, the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, and measures of interest in gerontology, academic/clinical exposure to aging and sexuality, and contact with elders. The current study found that psychology students demonstrated greater aging knowledge than medical students; however, both groups showed gaps in knowledge about sexuality. Married students had greater academic/clinical exposure and greater knowledge about aging but less permissive attitudes toward elderly sexuality. Generally, knowledge about aging was the strongest correlate of knowledge about sexuality. Level of knowledge about sexuality was not associated with attitudes. Attitudes toward sexuality and aging may be more strongly tied to demographic variables reflective of religious beliefs or adherence to sociocultural norms.     

Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. Recent work at the National Research Council Canada in the area of concrete materials research has shown the potential of improving concrete properties by modifying the structure of cement hydrates, addition of nanoparticles and nanotubes and controlling the delivery of admixtures. This article will focus on a review of these innovative achievements.     

Leptin and cellular and innate immunity in abstinent alcoholics and controls

BACKGROUND: Basic studies indicate that in vitro and in vivo doses of leptin modulate cellular immune responses. Given evidence that concentrations of leptin are altered in alcoholics who also show immune abnormalities, this study examined the relationships between circulating levels of leptin and markers of cellular and innate immunity. METHODS: Circulating levels of leptin, natural killer cell (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated NK activity, and concanavalin A-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were compared between abstinent DSM-IV alcohol-dependent men (n = 27) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 34). RESULTS: As compared with controls, alcoholics showed lower NK activity (p < 0.01) and a trend for lower levels of leptin (p = 0.055). In the total sample, leptin predicted NK activity (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05) after controlling for the confounding influence of body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking. Leptin was not correlated with any of the cytokine measures. To examine whether the effects of leptin were mediated by its direct action on NK, additional studies examined in vitro effects of leptin on NK activity in healthy volunteers (n = 10); leptin doses (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) yielded levels of NK activity comparable to those with media alone. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that circulating levels of leptin are associated with NK activity in humans and suggest that abnormal in vivo concentrations of leptin may contribute to the declines of NK activity in alcoholics who are at risk for infectious diseases.     

自身免疫与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展

在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中,自身免疫具有重要作用,本文就近年有关动脉粥样硬化的免疫机制的研究进展作一简要综述.     

Neutropenia and agranulocytosis in England and Wales: incidence and risk factors

The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of idiosyncratic neutropenia and agranulocytosis in England and Wales and to evaluate their risk factors and outcomes. The study was conducted using data from the General Practice Research Database. All cases of idiosyncratic neutropenia or agranulocytosis were identified and the incidence was estimated. This was followed by a nested case-control study, estimating odds ratios with drug exposure from conditional logistic regression. From 1987 to 1999, 3,224 patients with idiosyncratic neutropenia (50 with agranulocytosis) were identified. The incidences of neutropenia and agranulocytosis were estimated to be 120 and 7 cases per million people per year, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios for neutropenia were 34.7 (95% confidence interval 12.0-99.7) for current users of thyroid inhibitors, 9.5 (4.4-20.8) for users of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and 7.6 (4.9-11.9) for users of aminosalicylates. Other drugs with statistically significantly increased risks of neutropenia included antibacterial drugs, non-opioid analgesics, NSAIDs, antidepressants, ulcer-healing drugs, and anti-epileptics. The increase in risk of neutropenia predominantly occurred during the first months of treatment. For most drugs investigated in this study, there was no relationship to daily dose. The excess 1-year mortality was low among neutropenia and agranulocytosis cases and mostly explained by the underlying disease state. In conclusion, the highest risks of neutropenia were generally found in patients starting treatment. The excess 1-year mortality was low among neutropenia and agranulocytosis cases and can be mostly explained by the underlying disease state.     

慢性饮酒、吸烟与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 探讨长期大量慢性饮酒、吸烟等不良生活方式与骨质疏松的关系.方法 以乏力、腰背痛、双下肢酸困为主诉,且有长期大量慢性饮酒史、吸烟史,无其他慢性疾病史的年轻男性患者45例为观察对象,测定其血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)和血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(Glu)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸基转移酶(ALT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状腺功能、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH) 2D3]、双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎L1-4及左侧股骨近段(包括颈、股骨颈上部、大粗隆)骨密度(BMD),分析饮酒、吸烟对骨量的影响.以感冒发热就诊、年龄相当、无饮酒、吸烟史及慢性疾病史的45例男性为对照组.结果 观察组1,25(OH)2D3水平均降低,血钙水平偏低,血磷正常,碱性磷酸酶呈不同程度地升高,骨密度T值提示观察组27例骨质疏松,12例骨量减少,6例正常骨量;而对照组仅有6例为骨量减少,1例骨质疏松,38例为正常骨量,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期慢性大量饮酒吸烟影响骨量,甚至易导致骨质疏松.     

中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性研究

目的探讨中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性。方法选取2012年1月—2013年10月在我院进行常规健康体检者750例,测量受试者血压、身高、体质量及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果男性超重、肥胖检出率分别为36.87%(198/537)和13.97%(75/537),均高于女性的16.43%(35/213)和7.50%(16/213)(P0.05)。超重者和肥胖者高血压和高同型半胱氨酸血症检出率分别为21.03%(49/233)和11.16%(26/233)、46.12%(42/91)和41.76%(38/91),均高于正常者的9.16%(37/404)和2.23%(9/404),肥胖者高于超重者(P0.01)。收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及血清Hcy与BMI呈正相关(r值分别为0.639、0.515、0.497,P0.01)。结论中青年尤其是男性超半数存在超重或肥胖,高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症与BMI呈正相关,超重和肥胖者高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的发生率高,应积极防治。