冠状动脉内自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死患者的长期疗效观察

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死患者自体骨髓单个核细胞(BM-MNCs)经冠状动脉移植治疗对心功能的长期保护作用.方法:84例急性心肌梗死患者,急诊静脉溶栓或急诊介入治疗[经皮冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)加支架置入]后2周内行择期介入治疗.84例中50例作为细胞治疗组,抽取骨髓40 ml, 提取BM-MNCs,经冠状动脉注入;另34例作为对照组以同样方法注入20 ml的0.9%氯化钠溶液.所有患者均于发病1～2周(平均9.5 d)时(择期介入前)进行超声心动图检查和低剂量多巴酚丁胺超声心动图负荷试验,于发病6个月和1～5年时复查;并随访记录心血管事件发生率及病死率.结果:细胞治疗组患者5年临床随访心血管事件发生率及病死率均明显低于对照组,且心功能改善更加明显; 6个月复查时,2组患者左室射血分数(LVEF)和室壁运动记分指数(WMSI)、左室舒张末容积指数(EDVI)、左室收缩末容积指数(ESVI)、心排血指数(CI)、每搏量指数(SI)等心功能指标均较术前有明显改善(P<0.01),但细胞治疗组WMSI、LVEF、ESVI、CI等指标及负荷状态下WMSI(△WMSI)、LVEF(△LVEF)均较对照组改善得更明显(P<0.01);5年超声心动图复查时,细胞治疗组EDVI、CI及LVEF较术前明显改善(P<0.01),并明显优于对照组(P<0.01).结论:自体BM-MNCs治疗对梗死后心功能有长期保护作用.     

急性心肌梗死后经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞治疗

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死患者经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞治疗的安全性和对心功能的保护作用.方法 2003年3月以来,84例急性心肌梗死患者急诊静脉溶栓或急诊PCI治疗后2周内行择期冠状动脉造影或PCI治疗.其中50例作为细胞治疗组,抽取骨髓40 mL, 提取单个核细胞,经冠状动脉注入;另34例作为对照组,经冠状动脉注入等量生理盐水.81例患者术前和术后6个月、2年行多巴酚丁胺负荷试验.29例治疗组患者和22例对照组患者术前和术后6个月行静态及动态心肌核素显像检查.结果 细胞治疗组患者临床随访无明显副作用,心功能明显改善,运动耐力增加.多巴酚丁胺超声心动图负荷试验示左室射血分数(术前27.00%±0.89%,术后6个月36.80%±0.58%,术后2年40.94%±0.58%,术后6个月、2年与术前比,P均＜0.01)和室壁运动记分指数(术前1.55±0.05,术后6个月1.32±0.03,术后2年1.24±0.02,术后6个月、2年与术前比,P均＜0.01)显著改善,峰值射血分数(EF)与基础状态EF的差值(术前0.88%±0.54%,术后6个月15.06%±0.43%,术后6个月与术前比,P＜0.01)及WMSI和基础状态WMSI的差值(术前0.07±0.02,术后6个月0.19±0.02,术后2年0.15±0.01,术后6个月、2年与术前比,P均＜0.01)治疗前后之差异有统计学意义.动态与静态心肌核素显像提示梗死和缺血面积减小,存活心肌增加.结论 经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞治疗的急性心肌梗死患者,经2年的临床观察无明显副作用,具备安全性,并显示出自体骨髓单个核细胞治疗对梗死后心功能有保护作用.     

自体骨髓单个核细胞移植对急性前壁心肌梗死患者心功能的影响

目的观察经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞(MBMC)移植对急性前壁心肌梗死患者心功能的影响。方法选取40例急性前壁心肌梗死患者,根据患者的意愿分为干细胞移植组(20名,接受急诊PCI+标准药物+经冠脉注入骨髓单个核细胞治疗)和常规治疗对照组(20名,接受急诊PCI+标准药物治疗)。两组患者分别于术前、术后3个月、术后6个月进行6min步行试验、多普勒心脏超声、平衡法核素心血池显像(ERNA),并记录发病6个月内主要临床事件。结果同对照组相比,6min步行试验、超声心动图、ERNA术前与术后3个月两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后6个月移植组心功能改善明显(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论自体骨髓单个核细胞经冠脉移植治疗急性心肌梗死近期可以改善患者心功能。     

经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗急性前壁心肌梗死的研究

目的观察经冠状动脉将自体骨髓单个核细胞(MBMC)移植治疗急性前壁心肌梗死的疗效。方法本实验为开放性、前瞻性、非随机、对照研究。选取40例急性前壁心肌梗死患者,根据患者的意愿分为干细胞移植组(20例,接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)+标准药物+经冠状动脉注入骨髓单个核细胞治疗)和常规治疗对照组(20例,接受急诊PCI+标准药物治疗)。两组患者分别于术前、术后3个月、术后6个月进行6min步行试验、多普勒超声心动图9、9 mTc-MIBI心肌灌注显像检查并记录发病6个月内主要临床事件。结果同对照组相比,6min步行试验、超声心动图、心肌ECT术前与术后3个月时两组无明显差异P>0.05,术后6个月,干细胞移植组较对照组心功能改善明显P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论本研究提示,自体骨髓单个核细胞经冠状动脉移植修复急性心肌梗死是安全有效的,细胞移植所显示的改善心功能的效果,可能与心肌和血管再生,限制和逆转了心室重构有关。     

急诊经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的评价急诊经冠状动脉内骨髓细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死是否可行。方法20例发病在24h内的急性心肌梗死患者随机分成骨髓移植组(n=10)和对照组(n=10),分别在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)成功后3h内经导管注入自体骨髓单个核细胞或安慰剂至梗死相关冠状动脉。随访患者PCI术后1周及6个月左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)以及心肌灌注缺损指数。结果经胸心脏超声提示移植组LVEF由术后1周53.8%±9.2%升至58.6%±9.9%(P<0.05),而对照组无显著变化(58.2%±7.5%比56.3%±3.5%,P>0.05);随访移植组LVDd维持不变(52.5±2.8mm比52.1±3.2mm,P>0.05),而对照组LVDd由术后1周50.4±6.0mm增加至55.2±7.1mm(P<0.05)。单光子放射计算机断层显像术(SPECT)提示移植组心肌灌注缺损指数由21±11降低至13±10(P<0.01),而对照组变化不显著。结论急诊经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞移植可以显著改善急性心肌梗死患者远期左心室收缩功能和心肌血流灌注,并有效防止远期左心室扩大。     

经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗急性前壁心肌梗死的临床研究

目的采用随机、对照、前瞻性的临床试验,评价经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNCs)移植治疗急性前壁心肌梗死的有效性和安全性。方法入选26例急性前壁心肌梗死患者,BMMNCs移植组(14例)行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗联合经冠状动脉自体BMMNCs移植;对照组(12例)接受PCI治疗。结果3个月后,BMMNCs移植组左室射血分数(LVEF)由(54.29±5.47)%提高至(59.21±5.54)%(P<0.05),与对照组比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05);PET/CT示BMMNCs移植组心肌18F-FDG代谢显像明显改善;明尼苏达生活质量评分的改变亦具有统计学意义。结论经冠状动脉自体BMMNCs移植治疗急性前壁心肌梗死安全而有效,可能与BMMNCs转分化为心肌细胞改善心功能有关。     

经冠状动脉注入自体骨髓单个核细胞的临床研究

目的评价经冠状动脉内注射自体骨髓单个核细胞治疗心肌梗死患者的有效性。方法共有35例前壁心肌梗死患者人选本项前瞻性、非随机、开放试验（其中20例患者为细胞移植组,15例为对照组）。两组患者均接受标准的介入治疗和药物治疗,细胞移植组的20例患者同时接受自体骨髓单个核细胞移植。两组患者均接受3个月的临床随访及6min步行试验、超声心动图、心肌双核素和心脏核磁等检查。结果3个月的检查结果提示,细胞移植组患者的左室射血分数与常规治疗组相比有显著统计学意义。同时细胞移植组患者的室间隔中段室壁运动位移和左室收缩末容积也有明显改变,细胞移植组显著增加代谢可恢复心肌区占左室的比例。结论经冠状动脉注入自体骨髓单个核细胞可以促进心肌梗死患者寿窜功能恢复和心肌灌沣改善．     

急诊经导管干细胞移植改善急性心肌梗死患者的左室收缩功能

目的近年来多个小样本临床试验提示在心肌梗死发生后一周内进行经冠状动脉内自体骨髓细胞移植可以促进受损心肌的修复和心功能的改善.本项随机双盲的临床研究旨在评价急诊经冠状动脉内骨髓细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死是否可行.方法20例发病在24h内的急性心肌梗死患者随机分成骨髓移植组(n=10)和对照组(n=10),分别在急诊经皮介入治疗(PCI)成功后3h内经导管注入自体骨髓单个核细胞或安慰剂至梗死相关冠状动脉.随访患者PCI后1周及6个月左室射血分数(LVEF)和左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd).结果经胸心脏超声提示移植组LVEF由术后1周(53.8±9.2)%升至6个月(58.6±9.9)%,P＜0.05,而对照组无显著变化[(58.2±7.5)%比(56.3±3.5)%,P＞0.05];6个月随访移植组LVDd维持不变[(52.5±2.8)mm比(52.1±3.2)mm,P＞0.05],而对照组LVDd由术后1周(50.4±6.0)mm增加至(55.2±7.1)mm,P＜0.05.另外单光子放射计算机断层显像术(SPECT)提示移植组心肌灌注缺损指数由1周时的21±11降低至6个月时的13±10,P＜0.01.而对照组变化不显著.结论急诊经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞移植可以显著地改善急性心肌梗死患者左心室收缩功能,并且有效地防止远期左心室扩大.     

自体骨髓单个核细胞移植对急性前壁心肌梗死患者预后研究

目的:观察经冠状动脉(冠脉)自体骨髓单个核细胞(mononuclear bone marrow cell,MBMC)移植对急性前壁心肌梗死患者心室重构、心肌组织血流灌注及左心室收缩功能的影响。方法:选取40例急性前壁心肌梗死患者,根据患者的意愿分干细胞移植组(20例,接受急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗 标准药物 经冠脉注入骨髓单个核细胞治疗)和常规治疗对照组(20例,接受急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗 标准药物治疗)。两组患者分别于术前、术后3个月、术后6个月进行6分钟步行实验、多谱勒心脏超声心动图、平衡法核素心血池显像(ENRA),并记录发病6个月内主要临床事件。结果:同常规治疗组相比,心室重构、心肌组织血流灌注及左心室收缩功能术后3个月各项指标两组无明显差异,术后6个月干细胞移植组较常规治疗组改善明显,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:本研究提示自体骨髓单个核细胞经冠脉移植治疗急性心肌梗死是安全的,能改善患者心肌组织灌注、左心室收缩功能及优化心室重构。     

经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗扩张型心肌病的临床研究

目的观察经冠状动脉骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗扩张型心肌病的疗效和安全性.方法扩张型心肌病患者17例,心功能NYHA Ⅲ～Ⅳ级.局部麻醉下以髂后上棘为穿刺点多点穿刺抽取骨髓,经密度梯度离心法获取骨髓单个核细胞,经冠状动脉左前降支注入.细胞移植后观察并随访患者症状、心功能和心血管事件.结果细胞移植后6个月左心室射血分数由细胞移植前0.34±0.08提高到0.39±0.07,有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但左心室收缩末径、舒张末径、室间隔厚度未见明显改变.同时,患者的心功能NYHA分级提高Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.结论经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗扩张型心肌病是安全的且有一定的疗效.     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.