囊泡单胺类转运体功能抑制对PC12细胞的毒性及抗氧化剂的干预

目的：研究囊泡单胺类转运体(VMAT)功能抑制对大鼠嗜铬瘤(PC12)细胞产生的内源性毒性及抗氧化剂的保护作用。方法：用流式细胞仪观察VMAT功能抑制以及不同干预方法对PC12细胞存活的影响和细胞死亡方式。结果：单独加入VMAT抑制剂利血平对PC12细胞无毒性作用；利血平协同多巴胺明显增加多巴胺的毒性，使同样浓度的多巴胺诱发PC12细胞的凋亡率明显增加。加入还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、二硫苏糖醇(DTF)和脉冲1号使PC12细胞的生存率明显提高。结论：VMAT功能抑制触发了多巴胺内源性毒性可诱发细胞凋亡，具有抗氧化作用的制剂有细胞保护作用。     

囊泡单胺类转运体功能抑制对PC12细胞凋亡的影响

目的：研究帕金森病黑质多巴胺神经元的死亡机理。方法：用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法及流式细胞仪观察囊泡单胺类转运（VMAT）功能抑制对大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤（PC12）细胞凋亡的影响。结果：单独作用的VMT抑制剂和利血平对PC12细胞无毒性作用，超过一定浓度的多巴胺（0．3mmol/L）对PC12细胞有毒性作用，利血平协同钦巴胺明显增加多巴胺的毒性，使同伴浓度的多巴胺诱发PC12细胞的凋亡率明显增加，致使较低浓度的多巴胺（0．15mmol/L）就可降低PC12细胞生存率，结论：VMAT功能抑制引发了多巴胺的内源性毒性，进而诱发多巴胺神经元的凋亡，可较好地解释帕金森病的发病机理。     

6-羟多巴胺及囊泡单胺类转运功能抑制对PC12细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨6-羟多巴胺(6-hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)及囊泡单胺类转运体(vesicular monoamine transport-er,VMAT)功能抑制对大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞细胞凋亡的影响。方法不同浓度6-OHDA(25、50、100、200μmol/L)及VMAT功能抑制剂利血平(50、100、400、1 600nmol/L)与6-OHDA(100μmol/L)作用于PC12细胞,于不同时间点(12、24、36、48h)用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,并用Western blot法检测PC12细胞Bcl-2蛋白及Bax蛋白活性。结果加入不同浓度的6-OHDA时PC12细胞凋亡随6-OHDA浓度增加显著上升,并且引起Bcl-2蛋白表达抑制,Bax蛋白表达上升,具有时间依赖性。加入利血平后,相应的细胞凋亡增多,Bcl-2蛋白表达降低明显,Bax蛋白表达增多,差异有统计学意义。结论研究提示6-OHDA能诱导PC12细胞凋亡,并呈剂量及时间依赖性,其作用机制涉及到VMAT功能抑制触发了6-OHDA的内源性毒性,抑制Bcl-2蛋白的表达,促进细胞内Bax的表达,进而诱发多巴胺能神经元的凋亡。     

利血平对多巴胺所致PC12细胞程序性死亡的影响

目的 :探讨帕金森病黑质多巴胺神经元的死亡机制。　方法 :用MTT法及流式细胞仪检测和观察囊泡单胺类转运体 (VMAT)抑制剂利血平对多巴胺所致的毒性作用和细胞程序性死亡的影响。　结果 :利血平 ( 10 0 0nmol/L)作用于大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤 (PC12 )细胞 96h ,对细胞无毒性效应 ;多巴胺 ( 0 .4mmol/L)作用于PC12细胞 4 8h即出现毒性效应 ;利血平 ( 10 0 0nmol/L)与多巴胺能够明显增强多巴胺 ( 0 .4mmol/L)的毒性效应 (P <0 .0 1) ,二者的协同毒性效应还具有时间依赖性。当多巴胺浓度 ( 0 .2mmol/L)较低时 ,协同毒性效应在药物作用 96h才显现出来。同时毒性效应主要是通过诱导细胞程序性死亡来实现的。　结论 :VMAT功能下降加重或触发多巴胺的内源性毒性 ,诱导多巴胺神经元的程序性死亡 ,可能参与帕金森病的发病机制。     

利血平对转染VMAT2基因的CHO细胞抵抗鱼藤酮及多巴胺毒性作用的研究

目的研究单胺囊泡转运蛋白 2（VMAT2）抑制剂利血平（RE）作用于转染VMAT2基因的中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（VMAT2 CHO）时,VMAT2 CHO对鱼藤酮（Rotenone）、多巴胺（DA）的毒性抵抗作用。方法采用MTT比色法检测RE与不同浓度Rotenone及DA共同作用下的VMAT2 CHO细胞存活率;采用流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平。结果Rotenone对VMAT2 CHO细胞有毒性作用,随浓度增大,细胞存活率下降;Rotenone和DA对细胞有协同毒性作用。随DA浓度增大,VMAT2 CHO细胞产生的ROS增加;VMAT2抑制剂利血平增加DA的毒性,使同样浓度的DA诱发VMAT2 CHO细胞产生的ROS增加,存活率下降。结论RE使VMAT2功能抑制时DA在胞浆内聚集,触发DA内源性毒性,通过氧化应激系统而发挥毒性作用。DA内源性毒性可协同环境毒物Rotenone增加对细胞的毒性作用。     

囊泡单胺类转运体功能抑制在帕金森病发病机制中作用的研究

帕金森病（PD）发病机制有多种学说，近年的科学研究从帕金森病黑质多巴胺能神经元选择性受损出发，发现黑质纹状体系统自身的多巴胺递质囊泡转运体（VMAT２）受到抑制而触发的多巴胺内源性毒性可能在帕金森病发病机制中起了关键的作用犤１，２犦。２０００～２００２年，本课题组通过研究加入VMAT特异性抑制剂利血平（RE）后犤３犦，cDNACHO细胞（转PC１２细胞含VMAT２基因的转基因中国仓鼠卵细胞）和野生株中国仓鼠卵细胞（wtCHO细胞）的死亡方式及多巴胺毒性在大鼠嗜铬瘤细胞（PC１２）细胞的作用途径，探讨了PD的发病机制…     

人神经干细胞微囊泡对谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用

目的: 探究人神经干细胞微囊泡(human neural stem cell microvesicles, hNSC-MVs)对谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞损伤的作用及可能机制。方法: 采用谷氨酸处理大鼠肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞，建立兴奋性损伤模型；实验分为3组：对照组，PC12细胞未经任何处理；谷氨酸组，谷氨酸处理PC12细胞24 h；hNSC-MVs+谷氨酸组，200 mg/L hNSC-MVs预处理PC12细胞24 h，再加入谷氨酸处理24 h。MTT法检测各组PC12细胞存活率；免疫印迹实验检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2表达。结果： PC12细胞能内化hNSC-MVs。谷氨酸对PC12细胞具有毒性作用，其半数抑制浓度为25 mmol/L。与谷氨酸组相比，hNSC-MVs+谷氨酸组PC12细胞存活率明显增高(P<0.01)。与对照组相比，谷氨酸组Bax蛋白表达显著升高，Bcl-2蛋白表达显著降低，而与谷氨酸组相比，hNSC-MVs+谷氨酸组Bax蛋白表达明显下调，Bcl-2蛋白表达明显上调(P均<0.01)。结论： hNSC-MVs可能通过抑制谷氨酸诱导的PC12细胞凋亡，从而发挥保护作用。     

黄芪对锰致PC12细胞凋亡的拮抗作用

目的:研究黄芪对锰致多巴胺能神经元PC12细胞凋亡的拮抗作用。方法:体外染锰培养多巴胺能神经元PC12细胞,MTT比色法观察染锰PC12细胞的增殖情况;流式细胞仪(FMC)和原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡状况及黄芪的拮抗作用。结果:锰对PC12细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用,并呈剂量-反应关系;FMC和TUNEL检测结果均显示锰能诱导PC12细胞凋亡,并呈浓度依赖性,而加入黄芪后,各组凋亡率明显降低。结论:锰能够诱导PC12细胞凋亡,黄芪对锰诱导PC12细胞的凋亡有一定的拮抗作用。     

蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132对PC12细胞的增殖抑制作用

目的:了解蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132对多巴胺能细胞PC12增殖和凋亡的影响. 方法:用不同浓度的MG132处理PC12细胞3 d,通过3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)微量比色法检测MG132对PC12细胞增殖的影响,通过姬姆萨染色法和流式细胞术检测MG132对PC12细胞凋亡的影响. 结果:在作用时间相同(3 d)的条件下,随着MG132浓度的增高(0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μmol/L),对PC12细胞增殖的抑制作用逐渐增强. 当MG132浓度达到2.5 μmol/L时,对PC12细胞的抑制率超过40%, IC50＝3.78 μmol/L. 同时,MG132能够明显诱导PC12细胞凋亡:姬姆萨染色显示,浓度为2.5 μmol/L的MG132作用3 d,细胞凋亡率为24.7%,而对照为1.3%;流式细胞术分析结果表明,浓度为2.5 μmol/L的MG132作用3 d,细胞凋亡率为25.6%,而对照为0%. 结论:蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132能够抑制多巴胺能细胞PC12的增殖并诱导细胞凋亡,蛋白酶体活性的丧失可能影响到多巴胺能细胞的生存.     

MPP+对PC12细胞体外生长增殖的毒性作用

目的: 研究不同剂量1-甲基-4苯基-吡啶离子(MPP )对大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞生长增殖的抑制作用,探讨MPP 多巴胺能神经毒性机制. 方法: PC12细胞体外培养,以100～700 μmol/L MPP 进行染毒. MTT法测算MPP 作用1～7 d对PC12细胞的抑制情况并绘制生长曲线;取4 d为作用时间,细胞计数法观察MPP 对细胞的抑制率;透射电镜观察细胞形态学变化,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率及细胞周期改变情况. 结果: 细胞生长曲线的改变证实MPP 对PC12细胞的生长增殖有显著抑制作用,而且呈时间-剂量-效应关系. 细胞生长抑制试验结果显示100～700 μmol/L MPP 对细胞的抑制率为0.22～0.66 (P<0.01);透射电镜观察发现MPP 可诱导PC12细胞发生凋亡的形态学改变,同时伴有线粒体肿胀;流式细胞仪检测显示100, 300 μmol/L MPP 作用后,细胞总凋亡率比对照组分别增加0.51和0.62 (P<0.01). 结论: MPP 对PC12细胞的生长增殖有明显的抑制作用,而诱导细胞凋亡可能是MPP 产生多巴胺能神经毒性的重要机制之一.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.